遠大中國：年報2023

ANNUALREPORT年報Annual Report2023年報Contents目錄Corporate Information集團資料2Financial Highlights財務摘要5Corporate Culture & Mission企業文化及使命6Chairman’s Statement主席報告7Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析9Directors and Senior Management董事及高級管理人員22Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告29Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告58Independent Auditor’s Report獨立核數師報告74Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss合併損益表85Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income合併損益及其他全面收益表86Consolidated Statement of Financial Position合併財務狀況表87Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity合併權益變動表89Consolidated Cash Flow Statement合併現金流量表91Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements合併財務報表附註93Five Year Financial Summary五年財務摘要232Corporate Information集團資料2 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023DIRECTORSExecutive DirectorsKang Baohua (Chairman)Zhao Zhongqiu (Chief executive officer)Ma Minghui (resigned on 6 March 2024)Wang Hao Zhang LeiIndependent non-executive Directors Poon Chiu Kwok (resigned on 9 September 2023)Woo Kar Tung, RaymondPang Chung Fai, Benny (retired on 6 June 2023)Yang Qianwen (appointed on 18 April 2023)Wang Yuhang (appointed on 13 July 2023)Ha Gang (appointed on 17 January 2024)BOARDCOMMITTEESAudit CommitteeWoo Kar Tung, Raymond (Chairman)Poon Chiu Kwok (resigned on 9 September 2023)Pang Chung Fai, Benny (retired on 6 June 2023)Yang Qianwen (appointed on 18 April 2023)Wang Yuhang (appointed on 13 July 2023)Ha Gang (appointed on 17 January 2024)Nomination CommitteeKang Baohua (Chairman)Poon Chiu Kwok (resigned on 9 September 2023)Pang Chung Fai, Benny (retired on 6 June 2023)Yang Qianwen (appointed on 18 April 2023)Wang Yuhang (appointed on 13 July 2023)Remuneration CommitteeWoo Kar Tung, Raymond (Chairman)Zhao ZhongqiuPang Chung Fai, Benny (retired on 6 June 2023)Yang Qianwen (appointed on 18 April 2023)Ha Gang (appointed on 17 January 2024)REGISTEREDOFFICECricket SquareHutchins DriveP.O. Box 2681Grand Cayman KY1-1111Cayman Islands董事執行董事康寶華（主席）趙忠秋（行政總裁）馬明輝（已於2024年3月6日辭任）王昊張雷獨立非執行董事潘昭國（已於2023年9月9日辭任）胡家棟彭中輝（已於2023年6月6日退任）楊倩雯（於2023年4月18日已獲委任）王宇航（於2023年7月13日已獲委任）哈剛（於2024年1月17日已獲委任）董事委員會審核委員會胡家棟（主席）潘昭國（已於2023年9月9日辭任）彭中輝（已於2023年6月6日退任）楊倩雯（於2023年4月18日已獲委任）王宇航（於2023年7月13日已獲委任）哈剛（於2024年1月17日已獲委任）提名委員會康寶華（主席）潘昭國（已於2023年9月9日辭任）彭中輝（已於2023年6月6日退任）楊倩雯（於2023年4月18日已獲委任）王宇航（於2023年7月13日已獲委任）薪酬委員會胡家棟（主席）趙忠秋彭中輝（已於2023年6月6日退任）楊倩雯（於2023年4月18日已獲委任）哈剛（於2024年1月17日已獲委任）註冊辦事處Cricket SquareHutchins DriveP.O. Box 2681Grand Cayman KY1-1111Cayman IslandsCorporate Information集團資料3遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報中國總辦事處中國瀋陽市瀋陽經濟技術開發區13號街20號，郵編110027香港營業地點香港新界荃灣沙咀道362號全發商業大廈9樓11室授權代表趙忠秋余亮暉（執業會計師（香港、美國、澳洲））公司秘書余亮暉（執業會計師（香港、美國、澳洲））證券登記總處Suntera (Cayman) Limited Suite 3204, Unit 2ABlock 3, Building D, P.O. Box 1586Gardenia Court, Camana BayGrand Cayman, KY1-1100Cayman Islands香港證券登記處Link Market Services (Hong Kong) Pty Limited香港中環皇后大道中28號中滙大廈16樓1601室上市地點香港聯合交易所有限公司（「聯交所」）主板股份代碼2789HEADQUARTERSINCHINA20, Street 13Shenyang Economic & Technological Development Area Shenyang 110027ChinaPLACEOFBUSINESSINHONGKONGOffice 11,9/FFortune Commercial Building362 Sha Tsui RoadTsuen Wan, New TerritoriesHong KongAUTHORIZEDREPRESENTATIVESZhao ZhongqiuYu Leung Fai, Philip (HKICPA, AICPA, CPA (Aust))COMPANYSECRETARYYu Leung Fai, Philip (HKICPA, AICPA, CPA (Aust))PRINCIPALSHAREREGISTRARSuntera (Cayman) LimitedSuite 3204, Unit 2ABlock 3, Building D, P.O. Box 1586Gardenia Court, Camana BayGrand Cayman, KY1-1100Cayman IslandsHONGKONGSHAREREGISTRARLink Market Services (Hong Kong) Pty LimitedSuite 1601,16/F., Central Tower28 Queen’s Road Central,Hong KongPLACEOFLISTINGThe Main Board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Stock Exchange”)STOCKCODE2789Corporate Information集團資料4 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023主要往來銀行中國工商銀行股份有限公司瀋陽於洪支行國家開發銀行股份有限公司遼寧省分行盛京銀行瀋陽市於洪支行中國建設銀行股份有限公司瀋陽瀋河支行廣發銀行股份有限公司瀋陽沈河支行浙商銀行股份有限公司沈陽分行瀋陽農村商業銀行股份有限公司渾南支行葫蘆島農村商業銀行股份有限公司龍港支行丹東銀行股份有限公司瀋陽分行核數師畢馬威會計師事務所於《會計及財務匯報局條例》下的註冊公眾利益實體核數師香港中環遮打道10號太子大廈8樓法律顧問香港法律盛德律師事務所網站PRINCIPALBANKERSIndustrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited,Shenyang Yu Hong SubbranchChina Development Bank, Liaoning BranchShengjing Bank, Shenyang Yuhong SubbranchChina Construction Bank, Shenyang Shenhe BranchChina Guangfa Bank, Shenyang Shenhe SubbranchChina Zheshang Bank Shenyang BranchShenyang Rural Commercial Bank, Hunnan Subbranch Huludao Rural Commercial Bank, Longgang Subbranch Bank of DanDong, Shenyang BranchAUDITORSKPMGPublic Interest Entity Auditor registered in accordance withthe Accounting and Financial Reporting Council Ordinance8th Floor, Prince’s Building10 Chater RoadCentral, Hong KongLEGALADVISORSAs to Hong Kong lawSidley AustinWEBSITE5遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Financial Highlights財務摘要202320222023年2022年(Approximately) (Approximately)（概約） （概約）Revenue (RMB million)收入（人民幣百萬元） 2,569.53,263.6Adjusted gross profit margin (Note)經調整毛利率（附註） 15.4% 11.1%Consolidated net profit (RMB million)合併淨利潤（人民幣百萬元） 25.372.1Profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Company (RMB million)本公司股東應佔利潤（人民幣百萬元）25.372.1Net cash generated from operating activities (RMB million)經營活動產生之淨現金（人民幣百萬元） 349.376.8Basic and diluted earnings per share (RMB cents)每股基本及攤薄盈利（人民幣分） 0.411.16Proposed final dividend per share (HKD cents)建議每股末期股息（港仙） NIL無NIL無Note: Adjusted gross profit margin represents gross profit after impairment losses for trade and bills receivables and contract assets.附註：經調整毛利率列示毛利經抵減貿易應收款及應收票據及合同資產之減值損失後之結果。

6 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Culture & Mission企業文化及使命OPERATIONPHILOSOPHYTechnology leads marketsServices create valueENTERPRISEMOTTOTo do things honestlyTo treat people sincerelyTo understand causes and resultsTo unify theory and practiceTo lead an honest and clean lifeCORPORATEMISSIONFor the countryFor the customers For the employeesFor the shareholdersMANAGEMENTCONCEPTSSustainable Development Circular Improvement Statistics Analysis Continuous ImprovementPRODUCTCONCEPTSService Quality CostWEALTHCONCEPTSWealth means responsibilityTALENTCONCEPTSJudging people on his performance Talent comes firstMARKETINGCONCEPTSIdentify the needs of the customers Create value for the customersProvide best services to the customersCULTURECONCEPTSRespect Communicate UnderstandIntegrate PursueDEVELOPMENTSTRATEGIESIndependent BrandIndependent Intellectual Property Independent Marketing Network經營理念科技引領市場服務創造價值企訓真實做事誠實待人深明事理知行合一洁身自愛企業使命「四為」，即「為國家、為客戶、為員工、為股東」管理理念持續發展迴圈改進統計分析不斷提高產品理念服務品質成本財富理念財富即責任人才理念依事看人人才第一市場理念發現客戶需求創造客戶價值提供優質服務文化理念尊重溝通理解融合追求發展戰略自主品牌自主知識產權自主市場營銷網絡7遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Chairman’s Statement主席報告Dear shareholders,On behalf of the board (the “Board”) of directors (the “Directors”) of Yuanda China Holdings Limited (the “Company”), together with its subsidiaries (the “Group” or “Yuanda China”), I hereby present to you the Group’s annual report for the year ended 31 December 2023 (the “Reporting Period”).Looking back at 2023, the global economic growth slowed down modestly, and the global economic recovery faced a lot of pressures and challenges under the environment of long-term impact of the pandemic, geopolitical tensions, high inflation and high interest rates. China’s economy has steadily rebounded. According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the gross domestic product (“GDP”) in 2023 was approximately RMB126,058.2 billion, representing an increase of 5.2% over the previous year. The intensity and effectiveness of the central government’s regulatory policies have gradually become clear, and high-quality development has been solidly promoted.The real estate industry is still facing a relatively long adjustment period, with fierce competition of real estate enterprises. In the face of the challenging market environment, the Group adheres to the development direction of “healthy enterprise, healthy employee, and healthy service”, strengthens the control of operational risks, strictly controls the quality of contracts, strengthens cash flow management, and seeks the long-term development path of the enterprise.BUSINESSREVIEWFor the year ended 31 December 2023, the profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Company was approximately RMB25.3 million (2022: approximately RMB72.1 million). The main reason was the decrease in foreign exchange gains as compared to the year ended 31 December 2022.尊敬的各位股東：本人謹代表遠大中國控股有限公司（「本公司」）及其附屬公司（統稱「本集團」或「遠大中國」）董事（「董事」）會（「董事會」），向閣下呈報本集團截至2023年12月31日止年度（「報告期間」）之年度報告。

回望2023年，全球經濟增速溫和放緩，在疫情長期影響尚存、地緣政治關係緊張、高通脹和高利率環境下，全球經濟修復面臨著諸多壓力及挑戰。

中國經濟穩定回升，根據中國國家統計局公佈數據，2023年國內生產總值「GDP」約1,260,582億元人民幣，較上年增長5.2%，中央政府調控政策力度與效度表現逐漸明朗，高質量發展扎實推進。

房地產行業當前仍面臨著較長的調整期，房企競爭態勢保持激烈。

面對充滿挑戰的市場環境，本集團秉持「健康企業、健康員工、健康服務」的發展方向，加強運營風險的管控，嚴格控制合同質量，強化現金流管理，尋求企業長期發展路徑。

業務回顧截至2023年12月31日，本集團的本公司股東應佔溢利約人民幣25.3百萬元（2022年：約人民幣72.1百萬元）。

主要是歸因於外匯收益較截至2022年12月31日止年度減少。

8 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Chairman’s Statement主席報告BUSINESSPROSPECTSIn 2024, the international economic situation is expected to remain complex and uncertain. Factors such as the restoration and reconstruction of the global supply chain triggered by geopolitical risks, the decline in international trade level, and the high inflationary pressure will continue to constrain the global economic growth. However, as the interest rate hike cycle of major developed economies gradually ends, it will have a positive impact on the global financial environment in the future. At the same time, the basic trend of long-term positive economic development in China will continue. In the face of the complex and volatile economic environment, the Group will firmly focus on its main business objectives, gain insight into potential market opportunities, continuously increase its efforts in open operation and international operation, and strive to improve its global resource allocation capabilities and comprehensive capabilities in R&D, manufacturing and services. At the same time, the Group will place the construction of safe operation at the core of corporate development, maintain operational resilience and stabilise asset quality. The Group also attaches great importance to sustainable development and creates value for customers.Kang BaohuaChairman28 March 2024業務展望2024年，國際經濟形勢仍將具有複雜性和不確定性。

地緣政治風險引發的全球供應鏈修復重構、國際貿易水平走低、疊加高通脹壓力等多重因素，將繼續制約著全球經濟增長。

但隨著主要發達經濟體加息周期逐步結束，未來將對全球金融環境產生正面影響。

同時，中國經濟發展長期向好的基本趨勢仍將持續。

面對複雜多變的經濟環境，本集團將堅定聚焦主業目標，洞察潛在市場機會，不斷加大開放經營和國際化運營力度，努力提高全球資源配置能力和研發、製造、服務的綜合能力。

同時，本集團將把構建安全經營放到企業發展核心位置，保持經營韌性，穩定資產質量。

本集團亦重視可持續發展，為客戶創造價值。

主席康寶華2024年3月28日9遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析BUSINESSREVIEWOverall performanceLooking back at 2023, the global economic growth slowed down modestly, and the global economic recovery faced a lot of pressures and challenges under the environment of long-term impact of the pandemic, geopolitical tensions, high inflation and high interest rates. China’s economy has steadily rebounded. According to the data released by the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the gross domestic product (“GDP”) in 2023 was approximately RMB126,058.2 billion, representing an increase of 5.2% over the previous year. The intensity and effectiveness of the central government’s regulatory policies have gradually become clear, and high-quality development has been solidly promoted.The real estate industry is still facing a relatively long adjustment period, with fierce competition of real estate enterprises. In the face of the challenging market environment, the Group adheres to the development direction of “healthy enterprise, healthy employee, and healthy service”, strengthens the control of operational risks, strictly controls the quality of contracts, strengthens cash flow management, and seeks the long-term development path of the enterprise.For the year ended 31 December 2023, the profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Company was about RMB25.3 million (2022: about RMB72.1 million). The main reason was the decrease in foreign exchange gains as compared to the year ended 31 December 2022.業務回顧概況回望2023年，全球經濟增速溫和放緩，在疫情長期影響尚存、地緣政治關係緊張、高通脹和高利率環境下，全球經濟修復面臨著諸多壓力及挑戰。

中國經濟穩定回升，根據中國國家統計局公佈數據，2023年國內生產總值「GDP」約1,260,582億元人民幣，較上年增長5.2%，中央政府調控政策力度與效度表現逐漸明朗，高質量發展扎實推進。

房地產行業當前仍面臨著較長的調整期，房企競爭態勢保持激烈。

面對充滿挑戰的市場環境，本集團秉持「健康企業、健康員工、健康服務」的發展方向，加強運營風險的管控，嚴格控制合同質量，強化現金流管理，尋求企業長期發展路徑。

截至2023年12月31日，年內利潤可分配予本公司股東約人民幣25.3百萬元（2022年：約人民幣72.1百萬元），主要原因是外匯收益較截至2022年12月31日止年度減少。

10 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析BUSINESSREVIEW (continued)Newly-awarded projects (including VAT)During the year 2023, the aggregate amount of newly-awarded projects of the Group increased by about RMB2,712.2 million or 126.9% as compared with last year to about RMB4,849.6 million (2022: about RMB2,137.4 million). The main reason for the increase was the Group’s deep cultivation of customer resources and significant growth in overseas markets.202320222023年2022年Number of Number of projects RMB million projects RMB million項目數量人民幣百萬項目數量人民幣百萬Domestic國內1002,220.6791,494.2Overseas海外342,629.037643.2Total合計1344,849.61162,137.4BacklogAs at 31 December 2023, the remaining contract value of backlog of the Group decreased by about RMB1,262.9 million or 11.4% as compared with last year to about RMB9,857.6 million (31 December 2022: about RMB11,120.5 million), which could support a sustainable development of the Group for the next 2-3 years.202320222023年2022年Remaining value of contracts Remaining value of contracts合同餘下價值合同餘下價值Number of Number of projects RMB million projects RMB million項目數量人民幣百萬項目數量人民幣百萬Domestic國內2225,759.42084,799.4Overseas海外794,098.2806,321.1Total合計3019,857.628811,120.5業務回顧（續）新承接工程（含增值稅）2023年，本集團的新承接工程總值約人民幣4,849.6百萬元（2022年：約人民幣2,137.4百萬元），較去年增加約人民幣2,712.2百萬元或126.9%。

主要由於本集團深耕客戶資源，於海外市場取得顯著增長。

未完工合同於2023年12月31日，本集團的未完工合同金額約人民幣9,857.6百萬元（2022年12月31日：約人民幣11,120.5百萬元），較去年同期減少約人民幣1,262.9百萬元或11.4%，足以為本集團未來2-3年的發展提供有力支撐。

11遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析BUSINESSREVIEW (continued)Major technology achievements and awardsIn 2023, the Group obtained 14 patents for utility model.BUSINESSPROSPECTSIn 2024, the international economic situation is expected to remain complex and uncertain. Factors such as the restoration and reconstruction of the global supply chain triggered by geopolitical risks, the decline in international trade level, and the high inflationary pressure will continue to constrain the global economic growth. However, as the interest rate hike cycle of major developed economies gradually ends, it will have a positive impact on the global financial environment in the future. At the same time, the basic trend of long-term positive economic development in China will continue. In the face of the complex and volatile economic environment, the Group will firmly focus on its main business objectives, gain insight into potential market opportunities, continuously increase its efforts in open operation and international operation, and strive to improve its global resource allocation capabilities and comprehensive capabilities in R&D, manufacturing and services. At the same time, the Group will place the construction of safe operation at the core of corporate development, maintain operational resilience and stabilise asset quality. The Group also attaches great importance to sustainable development and creates value for customers.業務回顧（續）主要技術成果和科技獎項2023年本集團新獲實用新型專利14項。

業務展望2024年，國際經濟形勢仍將具有複雜性和不確定性。

地緣政治風險引發的全球供應鏈修復重構、國際貿易水平走低、疊加高通脹壓力等多重因素，將繼續制約著全球經濟增長。

但隨著主要發達經濟體加息周期逐步結束，未來將對全球金融環境產生正面影響。

同時，中國經濟發展長期向好的基本趨勢仍將持續。

面對複雜多變的經濟環境，本集團將堅定聚焦主業目標，洞察潛在市場機會，不斷加大開放經營和國際化運營力度，努力提高全球資源配置能力和研發、製造、服務的綜合能力。

同時，本集團將把構建安全經營放到企業發展核心位置，保持經營韌性，穩定資產質量。

本集團亦重視可持續發展，為客戶創造價值。

12 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEWRevenueFor the year ended 31 December 2023, the Group’s revenue was about RMB2,569.5 mill ion (2022: about RMB3,263.6 million), representing a decrease of about RMB694.1 million or 21.3% as compared with the corresponding period of last year. This was mainly due to the delay in the progress of certain projects caused by the unfavourable macroeconomic situation, of which:1. the revenue f rom domest ic market o f the Group decreased by about RMB440.8 mill ion or 29.9% as compared with last year to about RMB1,031.1 million (2022: about RMB1,471.9 million), contributing about 40.1% of the total revenue of the Group; and2. the revenue f rom overseas market o f the Group amounted to about RMB1,538.4 million (2022: about RMB1,791.7 million), representing a decrease of about RMB253.3 million or 14.1% as compared with last year, contributing about 59.9% of the total revenue of the Group.Cost of salesIn 2023, the cost of sales of the Group decreased by about RMB822.1 million or 28.6% as compared with last year to about RMB2,054.2 million (2022: about RMB2,876.3 million).Adjusted gross profit marginIn 2023, the Group’s adjusted gross profit margin was about 15.4% (2022: about 11.1%), representing an increase of about 4.3 percentage points over the same period last year. The increase was mainly due to the cost saving and strict budgetary control policies, of which:1. the domestic adjusted gross profit margin of the Group decreased by about 0.8 percentage points as compared with last year to about 16.9% (2022: about 16.1%); and2. the overseas adjusted gross profit margin of the Group was about 14.4% (2022: about 6.9%), representing an increase of about 7.5 percentage points as compared with last year.財務回顧營業收入截至2023年12月31日止年度，本集團的營業收入約人民幣2,569.5百萬元（2022年：約人民幣3,263.6百萬元），較去年同期減少約人民幣694.1百萬元或21.3%。

主要原因為宏觀經濟形勢不利引致的部分項目工程進度延緩。

其中：1.本集團的國內收入約人民幣1,031.1百萬元（2022年：約人民幣1,471.9百萬元），較去年同期減少約人民幣440.8百萬元或29.9%，佔本集團整體收入約40.1%；及2.本集團的海外收入約人民幣1,538.4百萬元（2022年：約人民幣1,791.7百萬元），較去年同期減少約人民幣253.3百萬元或14.1%，佔本集團整體收入約59.9%。

銷售成本2023年，本集團的銷售成本約人民幣2,054.2百萬元（2022年：約人民幣2,876.3百萬元），較去年減少約人民幣822.1百萬元或28.6%。

經調整毛利率2023年，本集團經調整毛利率為約15.4%（2022年：約11.1%），比去年增加了約4.3個百分點。

增加的主要原因為節約成本及嚴格的預算控制政策。

其中：1.本集團的國內經調整毛利率約16.9%（2022年：約16.1%），較去年減少約0.8個百分點；及2.本集團的海外經調整毛利率約14.4%（2022年：約6.9%），較去年增加約7.5個百分點。

13遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Other incomeOther income of the Group primarily comprised of government grants, rental income and net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment.In 2023, the other income of the Group decreased by about RMB25.2 million or 98.8% as compared with last year to about RMB0.3 million (2022: about RMB25.5 million), mainly due to the increase in net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment.Selling expensesIn 2023, t he G roup ’s se l l i ng expenses amoun ted to approximately RMB59.3 million (2022: about RMB56.5 million), representing an increase of approximately RMB2.8 million or 5% as compared with last year, accounting for about 2.3% (2022: 1.7%) of the Group’s operating income. The increase was due to the increase in marketing and promotion activities in 2023.Administrative expensesIn 2023, the Group’s administrative expenses amounted to about RMB356.4 mil l ion (2022: about RMB371.1 mil l ion), representing a decrease of about RMB14.7 million or 4% as compared with last year, and accounted for about 13.9% (2022: 11.4%) of the Group’s revenue. Such increase was mainly due to the decrease in revenue in 2023.Expected credit losses of financial and contract assetsIn 2023, the expected credit losses of financial and contract assets of the Group increased by about RMB99.6 million as compared with last year to about RMB123.6 million (2022: about RMB24.0 million), accounting for 4.8% of the revenue of the Group (2022: 0.7%).財務回顧（續）其他收入其他收入主要包括政府補助、租賃收入及處置物業、廠房及設備產生的淨虧損。

2023年，本集團的其他收入約人民幣0.3百萬元（2022年：約人民幣25.5百萬元），較去年減少約人民幣25.2百萬元或98.8%，主要由於處置物業、廠房及設備產生的淨虧損增加所致。

銷售費用2023年，本集團的銷售費用約人民幣59.3百萬元（2022年：約人民幣56.5百萬元），較去年增加約人民幣2.8百萬元或5%，佔本集團營業收入的比例為約2.3%（2022年：1.7%）。

該增幅由於2023年營銷及推廣活動增加。

行政開支2023年，本集團的行政開支約人民幣356.4百萬元（2022年：約人民幣371.1百萬元），較去年減少約人民幣14.7百萬元或4%，佔本集團營業收入的比例為約13.9%（2022年：11.4%）。

該等增幅主要原因是2023年度收入的減少。

金融資產及合同資產之預期信用損失2023年，本集團的金融資產及合同資產之預期信用損失約人民幣123.6百萬元（2022年：約人民幣24.0百萬元），較去年同期增加約人民幣99.6百萬元，佔收入的比例為4.8%（2022年：0.7%）。

14 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Expected credit losses of financial and contract assets (continued)The calculation of loss allowance for trade receivables and contract assets arising from construction projects as at 31 December 2023 was carried out by an independent specialist, namely Vincorn Consulting and Appraisal Limited (the “Valuer”), with experience in expected credit loss calculation.Since 2021, certain customers of the Group, in particular, some property developer customers (the “Defaulted Customers”), have encountered liquidity issues due to the adverse impact of the macroeconomic environment and the COVID-19 pandemic, and have defaulted on their debts. Accordingly, there was a significant increase in credit risk for financial assets and contract assets arising from contracts with these Defaulted Customers.The Valuer adopted expected credit loss model for calculation of expected credit loss of trade receivables and contract assets. The total trade receivables and contract assets as at 31 December 2023 are divided into two risk categories by the customers as Defaulted Customers and other customers.For the Defaulted Customers, the expected loss rates are estimated based on the weighted-average recovery rate of troubled debts derived from historical market data and have been adjusted for industry specific information and forward-looking information. The Group has identified the enterprise prosperity index and real estate industry enterprise prosperity index to be the most relevant factors, and accordingly adjusts the weighted-average recovery rate of troubled debts derived from historical market data based on expected changes in these factors. For other customers, the expected loss rates are estimated based on the provision matrix, which derives expected credit loss rates of trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets based on the Group’s historical credit loss experiences adjusted for factors that specific to the debtors and an assessment of both the current and forecast general economic conditions at the reporting date.財務回顧（續）金融資產及合同資產之預期信用損失（續） 於2023年12月31日就工程合同確認的貿易應收款及合同資產的虧損撥備計算由具有預期信貸虧損計算經驗的獨立專業公司Vincorn Consulting and Appraisal Limited（「估值師」）進行計算。

自2021年起，本集團某些客戶，尤其物業開發商客戶（「違約客戶」）遭遇因宏觀經濟環境及新冠疫情負面影響造成的流動性問題，並且該等債務違約。

因此，就違約客戶合同確認的金融資產及合同資產的信用風險激增。

估值師採用預期信用損失模型計算應收賬款和合同資產的預期信用損失。

截至2023年12月31日止，貿易應收款和合同資產總額依據違約客戶和其他客戶劃分為兩個風險類別。

對於違約客戶，預期損失率根據歷史市場數據得出的不良債務加權平均回收率估計，並已根據行業特定資料以及前瞻性信息予以調整。

本集團將企業景氣指數及房地產行業企業景氣指數確定為最相關的因素，並根據該等因素的預期變化相應調整歷史市場數據得出的不良債務加權平均回收率。

對於其他客戶，預期虧損率是根據遷移率矩陣估算的，該矩陣根據對貿易應收款，應收票據和合同資產在報告日曆史信用損失經驗、欠款人特性以及當前及前瞻性影響的情況得出。

15遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Expected credit losses of financial and contract assets (continued)As of 31 December 2023, the outstanding balances of trade receivables and contract assets (after the amounts written-off) is RMB5,123.7 million (31 December 2022: RMB5,880.8 mil l ion). The expected credit loss recognised for the year ended 31 December 2023 and the loss allowance as at 31 December 2023 are RMB117.4 million and RMB2,491.3 million, respectively (the expected credit loss recognised for the year and the loss allowance as at 31 December 2022 are RMB43.8 million and RMB2,706.4 million, respectively).For expected credit loss of the commercial bills receivable from property developer customers, the Group adopted the same model as that of Defaulted Customers as these customers of bi l ls receivables had similar r isk profi le with Defaulted Customers. As of 31 December 2023, the outstanding balances of bills receivable is RMB126.0 million (31 December 2022: RMB115.7 million). The loss allowance for the commercial bills receivable as at 31 December 2023 is RMB40.7 million (31 December 2022: RMB38.8 million).For expected credit loss of other receivables, the expected credit loss recognised for the year ended and the loss al lowance as of 31 December 2023 are RMB4.2 mi l l ion and RMB11.6 million, respectively (the expected credit loss recognised for the year ended and the loss allowance as of 31 December 2022 are RMB1.8 million and RMB65.3 million, respectively).Net finance incomeIn 2023, the Group’s net finance income amounted to about RMB43.5 million (2022: about RMB147.4million), representing a decrease of about RMB103.9 million or 70.5% as compared with last year, and accounting for 1.7% (2022: 4.5%) of the Group’s operating income. This was mainly due to the decrease in exchange gains during the Reporting Period.財務回顧（續）金融資產及合同資產之預期信用損失（續） 截至2023年12月31日，貿易應收款和合同資產的未償餘額（註銷金額後）為人民幣5,123.7百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣5,880.8百萬元）。

截至2023年12月31日止年度確認的預期信用損失及截至2023年12月31日確認的虧損撥備分別為人民幣117.4百萬元和人民幣2,491.3百萬元（截至2022年12月31日止年度及截至2022年12月31日，確認的預期信用損失和損失準備分別為人民幣43.8百萬元和人民幣2,706.4百萬元）。

對於來自物業開發商客戶的應收商業票據的預期信用損失，本集團採用與違約客戶相同的模型，因為這些應收票據相關客戶與違約客戶具有類似的風險狀況。

截至2023年12月31日，應收票據的未償餘額為人民幣126.0百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣115.7百萬元）。

截至2023年12月31日的應收商業票據虧損撥備為人民幣40.7百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣38.8百萬元）。

對於其他應收款的預期信用損失，截至2023年12月31日止年度確認的預期信用損失及截至2023年12月31日虧損撥備分別為人民幣4.2百萬元及人民幣11.6百萬元（截至2022年12月31日止年度及截至2022年12月31日，確認的預期信用損失和損失準備分別為人民幣1.8百萬元和人民幣65.3百萬元）。

融資收益淨額2023年，本集團的融資收益淨額約人民幣43.5百萬元（2022年：約人民幣147.4百萬元），較去年减少約人民幣103.9百萬元或70.5%，佔本集團營業收入的比例為1.7%（2022年：4.5%）。

主要原因是報告期內匯兌收益減少。

16 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Income taxIn 2023, the income tax benefit of the Group was about RMB5.5 mi l l ion (2022: an income tax expense of about RMB36.5 million), which was mainly due to the Group turning from taxable profit last year to taxable loss this year.Consolidated net profitAs a result of the foregoing, in 2023, the consolidated net profit of the Group was about RMB25.3 million (2022: RMB72.1 million).Profit attributable to equity shareholders of the CompanyIn 2023, the profit attributable to equity shareholders of the Company was about RMB25.3 million (2022: RMB72.1 million). The main reason was the decrease in foreign exchange gains as compared with the year ended 31 December 2022.Net current assets and financial resourcesAs at 31 December 2023, the net current assets of the Group decreased by about RMB138.4 million or 45.0% as compared with last year to about RMB169.4 million (31 December 2022: about RMB307.8 million). This was mainly due to the decrease of the net current assets of the overseas operation resulting from the exchange difference on translation.As at 31 December 2023, the restricted deposits of the Group decreased by about RMB380.1 million or 54.2% as compared with last year to about RMB321.0 million (31 December 2022: about RMB701.1 million), which were mainly denominated in RMB.As at 31 December 2023, the cash and cash equivalents of the Group increased by about RMB55.0 mil l ion or 25.1% as compared with last year to about RMB274.5 million (31 December 2022: about RMB219.5 million), which were mainly denominated in RMB, USD, Qatar Riyal, Euro, GBP and AUD.財務回顧（續）所得稅2023年，本集團的所得稅收入約人民幣5.5百萬元（2022年：所得稅支出約人民幣36.5百萬元），主要是由於本集團由去年的應納稅利潤轉為本年度的應納稅虧損。

合併淨利潤綜上所述，2023年，本集團的合併淨利潤為約人民幣25.3百萬元（2022年：人民幣72.1百萬元）。

年內利潤可分配予本公司股東2023年，年內利潤可分配予本公司股東為約人民幣25.3百萬元（2022年：人民幣72.1百萬元）。

主要原因是外匯收益較截至2022年12月31日止年度減少。

流動資產淨值及財務資源於2023年12月31日，本集團的流動資產淨值約人民幣169.4百萬元（2022年12月31日：約人民幣307.8百萬元），較去年同期減少約人民幣138.4百萬元或45.0%。

這主要是由於折算匯兌差額導致海外業務流動資產淨值减少。

截至2023年12月31日，本集團的限制性存款較去年減少約人民幣380.1百萬元或54.2%至約人民幣321.0萬元（2022年12月31日：約人民幣701.1百萬元），主要以人民幣為主。

截至2023年12月31日，本集團的現金及現金等價物較去年增加約人民幣55.0百萬元，即25.1%至約人民幣274.5百萬元（2022年12月31日：約人民幣219.5百萬元），主要以人民幣、美元、卡塔爾里亞爾、歐元、英鎊、澳元為主。

17遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Bank loans, other borrowings and gearing ratioAs at 31 December 2023, the Group’s total bank loans amounted to approximately RMB714.0 million (31 December 2022: approximately RMB855.0 mi l l ion) , represent ing a decrease of approximately RMB141.0 mill ion or 16.5% as compared with last year. As at 31 December 2023, the bank loans which should be repaid within one year were denominated in RMB.As at 31 December 2023, the Group’s total other borrowings amounted to about RMB424.4 million (31 December 2022: about RMB820.8 million), representing a decrease of about RMB396.4 million or 48.3% as compared with last year. The Group’s gearing ratio (calculated by total liabilities divided by total assets) was 82.2% (31 December 2022: 82.9%).Turnover days20232022Turnover days (day)周轉天數（天） 2023年2022年Receivables (note 1)應收賬款（附註1） 353302Trade and bills payables (note 2)貿易應付款及應付票據（附註2） 429315Inventory (note 3)存貨（附註3） 12475Notes:1. The calculation of the receivables turnover days is based on the average amount of trade and bills receivables and contract assets due from customer (contract assets less contract liabilities) net of provision as at the beginning and ending of the relevant period divided by total revenue of the relevant period and multiplied by 365 days.2. The calculation of turnover days of trade and bills payables is based on the average amount of trade and bills payables balances as at the beginning and ending of the relevant period divided by cost of raw materials and installation cost of the relevant period and multiplied by 365 days.3. The calculation of inventory turnover days is based on the average amount of inventory balances as at the beginning and ending of the relevant period (net of provision) divided by cost of raw materials of the relevant period and multiplied by 365 days.財務回顧（續）銀行貸款，其他借款及負債比率於2023年12月31日，本集團的銀行貸款總額約人民幣714.0百萬元（2022年12月31日：約人民幣855.0百萬元），較去年減少約人民幣141.0百萬元或16.5%。

截至2023年12月31日須予一年內償還的銀行貸款總額以人民幣計值。

於2023年12月31日，本集團的其他借款總額約為人民幣424.4百萬元（2022年12月31日：約人民幣820.8百萬元），較去年減少約人民幣396.4百萬元或48.3%。

本集團之資產負債率（總負債除以總資產計算）為82.2%（2022年12月31日：82.9%）。

周轉天數附註：1.應收賬款周轉天數乃通過將有關期間的期初及期末經扣除撥備的貿易應收款及應收票據及應收客戶合同資產（合同資產減合同負債）的平均金額除以相應期間的收入再乘以365天計算。

2.貿易應付款及應付票據周轉天數等於貿易應付款及應付票據的期初及期末結餘平均餘額除以原材料費用及安裝費用再乘以365天計算。

3.存貨周轉天數乃將存貨的期初及期末結餘平均餘額（扣除撥備）除以原材料費用再乘以365天計算。

18 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Turnover days (continued)During the Reporting Period, the turnover days of receivables increased by about 51 days or 16.9% as compared with last year to about 353 days (2022: about 302 days).During the Reporting Period, the turnover days of trade and bill payables increased by about 114 days or 36.2% as compared with last year to about 429 days (2022: about 315 days).Inventories and contract costsThe Group’s inventories primarily consist of materials used in fabrication of curtain wall products, including extrusions aluminum, glass, steel and sealant. Contract costs are either the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer or the costs to fulfill a contract with a customer which are not capitalised as inventory.As at 31 December 2023, the inventory and contract costs of the Group decreased by about RMB51.7 million or 16.6% as compared with last year to about RMB259.2 million (31 December 2022: about RMB310.9 million).Capital expenditureIn 2023, the payment for capital expenditure of the Group increased by about RMB1.2 million or 200% as compared with last year to about RMB1.8 million (2022: about RMB0.6 million), which was mainly the expenditure on the purchase of piecemeal machinery and equipment in 2023.Foreign exchange riskThe overseas projects of the Group were mainly dominated in USD, GBP and AUD. To hedge any foreign exchange risks, the Group has entered into forward foreign exchange contracts which hedge the forecast transactions and monetary assets denominated in foreign currencies of the Group. The Group ensures that net exposure to currency risk arising from assets and liabilities will be maintained at an acceptable level.財務回顧（續）周轉天數（續）報告期內，應收賬款周轉天數約353天（2022年：約302天），較去年增加約51天或16.9%。

報告期內，貿易應付款及應付票據周轉天數約429天（2022年：約315天），較去年增加約114天或36.2%。

存貨及合同成本本集團的存貨主要由製造幕墻產品所用的材料組成，包括鋁材、玻璃、鋼材及密封膠等。

合同成本是取得客戶合同的增量成本或履行客戶合同的成本，其並無資本化為存貨。

於2023年12月31日，本集團的存貨及合同成本結餘約人民幣259.2百萬元（2022年12月31日：約人民幣310.9百萬元），較去年同期減少約人民幣51.7百萬元或16.6%。

資本支出2023年，本集團的資本支出而支付的款項約人民幣1.8百萬元（2022年：約人民幣0.6百萬元），較去年增加約人民幣1.2百萬元或200%，主要為2023年購買零星機器設備的支出。

外匯風險本集團的海外項目主要以美元、英鎊和澳元結算。

為對沖我們的外匯風險，我們訂立遠期外匯合約，對沖本集團以外幣計值的預期交易及貨幣資產。

本集團會確保資產和負債產生的外匯風險淨額保持在可接受的水準。

19遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Contingent liabilitiesDetails of the Group’s contingent liabilities as at 31 December 2023 are set out in Note 31 to the consolidated financial statements.Charge on assetsAs at 31 December 2023, the aggregate carrying value of the property, plant and equipment, land use rights pledged for the Group’s bank loans is RMB350.4 million (31 December 2022: RMB358.0 million).As at 31 December 2023, the carrying value of the time and other deposits pledged for bank bi l ls and letter of credit issued by the Group is RMB155.7 million (31 December 2022: RMB479.4 million).As at 31 December 2023, the carrying value of RMB45.4 million bank deposits was frozen. The carrying value of the deposits pledged to secure the performance and retentions of construction contracts of the Group is RMB116.9 million (31 December 2022: RMB162.3 million).As at 31 December 2023, the aggregate carrying value of the trade receivables and contract assets pledged for the Group’s bank loan is RMB10.7 million (2022: Nil).Save as disclosed above, the Group had no other charge on its assets as at 31 December 2023.Material acquisitions and disposalsDuring the Reporting Period, the Group did not have any mater ia l acquis i t ions and disposals of i ts subsid iar ies, associated companies and joint ventures.Significant investmentThe Group did not make any significant investments during the Reporting Period and as at 31 December 2023.財務回顧（續）或然負債本集團於截至2023年12月31日的或然負債刊載於合併財務報表附註31。

資產抵押截至2023年12月31日，本集團就銀行貸款已抵押的物業、廠房及設備及土地使用權的總賬面價值為人民幣350.4百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣358.0百萬元）。

截至2023年12月31日，本集團為發行的銀行票據及信用證所質押的定期及其他存款的賬面價值為人民幣155.7百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣479.4百萬元）。

截至2023年12月31日，賬面價值為人民幣45.4百萬元的銀行存款被凍結。

為保證本集團施工合同的履行和質量而抵押的存款的賬面價值為人民幣116.9百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣162.3百萬元）。

截至2023年12月31日，為本集團銀行貸款抵押的貿易應收款和合同資產的賬面價值合計為人民幣10.7百萬元（2022年：無）。

除上述披露者外，本集團於截至2023年12月31日並無其他資產抵押。

重大收購及出售於報告期內，本集團並無任何有關附屬公司、聯營公司及合營公司重大收購及出售。

重大投資於報告期間內及截至2023年12月31日，本集團並無進行任何重大投資。

20 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Important events after the end of the Reporting PeriodNo important events have occurred to the Group after the end of the Reporting Period.Future plans for significant investments or capital assetsThe Group does not have any future plans for signif icant investments or capital assets as at the date of this report.Global offering and use of proceedsIn May 2011, the Company conducted a global offering (the “Global Offering”) through which 1,708,734,000 new ordinary shares were offered at a price of HK$1.50 per share. Net proceeds raised were approximately HK$2,402,947,000. The ordinary shares of the Company were listed on the Main Board of the Stock Exchange on 17 May 2011.As stated in the Company’s prospectus dated 20 April 2011 and the supplementary prospectus dated 5 May 2011 (the “Prospectus”), the Group intended to use the proceeds from the Global Offering for expansion of its production capacity, repayment of its existing debts, investment in research and development, expansion of its sales and marketing network.As a t 31 December 2023, an accumulated amount o f approximately HK$2,064 million of proceeds from the Global Offering (of which expansion of production capacity: HK$621 million; repayment of bank loans (mainly comprised the loan of Standard Chartered Bank): HK$962 million; expenses in research and development: HK$261 million; and expansion of its sales and marketing network: HK$220 million) was utilized in accordance with the intended use as stated in the Prospectus. It is intended that the remaining proceeds of approximately HK$339 million will be used in accordance to the proposed allocation as stated in the Prospectus in 1 to 5 years.財務回顧（續）報告期末後的重要事件於報告期末後，本集團並無發生重大事項。

重大投資或資本資產的未來計畫於本報告日期，本集團並無任何重大投資或資本資產的未來計畫。

全球發售及所得款項用途於2011年5月，本公司進行全球發售（「全球發售」），發售共1,708,734,000股新普通股，發售價為每股1.50港元，籌集的所得款項淨額約為2,402,947,000港元。

本公司普通股於2011年5月17日在聯交所主板上市。

誠如本公司在日期為2011年4月20日的招股章程及2011年5月5日的補充招股章程（「招股章程」）所述，本集團擬將所得款項用作擴充產能、償還現有債務、投資於研究和開發、及擴充銷售和營銷網路。

截至2023年12月31日，本集團已按照招股章程所述的預期用途累計使用約全球發售所得款2,064百萬港元（其中產能擴充：621百萬港元；償還銀行貸款（主要是渣打銀行貸款）：962百萬港元；研發支出：261百萬港元；及擴充營銷網路：220百萬港元）。

餘下所得款項約339百萬港元將按照本集團招股章程所載於未來1到5年內使用。

21遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Management Discussion and Analysis管理層討論與分析FINANCIALREVIEW (continued)Global offering and use of proceeds (continued)As at 31 December 2023, the detail of the net proceeds stated as follows:Use of ProceedsAmount of net proceedsUnutilized amount as at 1 January 2023Utilized amount for the year ended 31 December 2023Accumulated utilized amount as at 31 December 2023Unutilized amount as at 31 December 2023Future plans for remaining proceeds in 1 to 5 years所得款項用途所得款項淨額截至2023年1月1日未動用金額截至2023年12月31日止年度動用金額截至2023年12月31日累計使用金額截至2023年12月31日未動用金額剩餘所得款未來1至5年的用途計劃HKD (million) HKD (million) HKD (million) HKD (million) HKD (million) HKD (million)港幣百萬元港幣百萬元港幣百萬元港幣百萬元港幣百萬元港幣百萬元Expansion of production capacity產能擴充96034111621339339Repayment of bank loans償還銀行貸款962 – – 962 – –Expenses in research and development研發支出261 – – 261 – –Expansion of its sales and marketing network擴充營銷網路220 – – 220 – –TOTAL總計2,403341112,064339339Employees and remuneration policiesAs at 31 December 2023, the Group had 2,376 ful l-t ime employees in total (31 December 2022: 2,511). The decrease in number of full-time employees was a result of the Group’s headcount optimization. The Group has sound policies of management incent ives and compet i t ive remunerat ion, which align with the interests of management, employees and shareholders. The Group sets its remuneration policy with reference to the prevailing market conditions and the performance of the individuals concerned, subject to review from t ime to t ime. The components of the remuneration package consist of basic salary, allowances, fringe benefits including medical insurance and contributions to pension funds, as well as incentives like discretionary bonus.財務回顧（續）全球發售及所得款項用途（續）截至2023年12月31日止，所得款項淨額詳情如下：僱員及薪酬政策截至2023年12月31日，本集團僱用合共2,376名（2022年12月31日：2,511名）全職員工。

全職員工人數的下跌乃由於本集團優化員工數量所致。

本集團訂有具成效的管理層獎勵制度及具競爭力的薪酬，務求令管理層、僱員及股東的利益達成一致。

本集團在訂立其薪酬政策時會參考當時市況及有關個別員工的工作表現，須不時作出檢討。

薪酬待遇包括基本薪金、津貼、附帶福利（包括醫療保險及退休金供款），以及酌情花紅等獎勵。

22 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Directors and Senior Management董事及高級管理人員DIRECTORSExecutive DirectorsMr. Kang Baohua (康寶華), aged 70, is the founder and Chairman of the Group, and was appointed as an Executive Director on 26 February 2010. Mr. Kang is the vice president of the Liaoning Chamber of Commerce (遼寧省商會). Graduated from Liaoning University (遼寧大學) with a diploma in politics in 1984, Mr. Kang has over 30 years of experience in the curtain wall industry and has been responsible for the overall management and strategic development of the Group since 1992. Prior to founding the Group, Mr. Kang was an executive director of Shenyang Strong Wind Group Company (瀋陽強風集團公司). Since the establishment of the Company, Mr. Kang has been involved in the management of the Company, including business development, f inance and corporate strategy formulation. Mr. Kang is also a director of various other subsidiaries of the Group.Mr. Zhao Zhongqiu (趙忠秋), aged 58, chief executive officer of the Group and an Executive Director of the Company, obtained his bachelor’s degree in Engineering from Hunan University (湖南大學) in 1987 with a major in internal combustion engineering. Mr. Zhao joined the Group in 1996 and has more than 28 years in manufacturing and project management. From 1996 to 1998, Mr. Zhao managed production and technology works in Shenyang subsidiary of the Group. From 1999 to 2004, Mr. Zhao served as the deputy general manager and general manager, responsible for the production and project management work in China. In 2005, Mr. Zhao was assigned new duty to conduct the projects operations in America and Africa as a general manager. In 2017, Mr. Zhao was promoted to the president of global operations of the Group, responsible for onshore and offshore businesses. On 4 July 2022 Mr. Zhao was appointed as a member of the remuneration committee, the CEO and one of the authorised representatives of the Company. Since 2006 Mr. Zhao has managed more than 100 overseas landmark projects.董事執行董事康寶華先生，70歲，本集團的創辦人兼主席，並於2010年2月26日獲委任為執行董事。

康先生為遼寧省商會的副主席。

康先生於1984年畢業於遼寧大學，取得政治學文憑，於幕牆行業具有逾30年經驗，自1992年起一直負責本集團的整體管理及戰略發展。

於創辦本集團前，康先生為瀋陽強風集團公司的執行董事。

自本公司成立以來，康先生一直涉足於本公司的管理，包括業務發展、財務及企業策略制訂。

康先生亦為本集團多間其他附屬公司的董事。

趙忠秋先生，58歲，本集團行政總裁及本公司執行董事，於1987年獲得湖南大學工程學士學位，主修內燃機專業。

趙先生於1996年加入本集團於製造及專案管理方面擁有逾28年經驗。

於1996年至1998年，趙先生負責管理本集團瀋陽附屬公司生產及技術工作。

於1999年至2004年在國內任生產副總經理、總經理職務，負責生產及公司管理工作。

於2005年，趙先生調任國際區域美非總經理，開始負責美非專案的管理。

於2017年，趙先生晉升為本集團全球運營系統總裁，負責國內及國際的業務。

於2022年7月4日趙先生獲委任為薪酬委員會成員、行政總裁及其中一名授權代表。

2006年至今趙先生已累計參與管理海外重點專案超過100個。

23遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Directors and Senior Management董事及高級管理人員DIRECTORS (continued)Executive Directors (continued)Mr. Wang Hao (王昊), aged 43, an Executive Director of the Company, obtained his bachelor’s degree in Management fromJilin University (吉林大學) in 2002 with a major in accounting. Mr. Wang Hao joined the Group in 2007 and has accumulated more than 16 years of experience in financial management.Mr. Zhang Lei (張雷), aged 51, since February 2013, acted as vice President of Shenyang Yuanda Aluminium Industry Engineering Co., Ltd (瀋陽遠大鋁業工程有限公司) (“Shenyang Yuanda”), one of the subsidiaries of the Company. Mr. Zhang joined the Group in July 2002 and had over 21 years of experience in curtain wall industry. Before joining the Group, from 1994 to 2000, Mr. Zhang held various managerial positions in Northeast Refractory Plant, including vice director in charge of production and equipment and director of equipment department in No.4 branch of Northeast Refractory Plant. From 2001 to 2002, Mr. Zhang acted as a management intern in Japanese YKK company. From 2002 to 2005, Mr. Zhang held various key positions including quality control and technology minister in Northeast Branch of Shenyang Yuanda. He acted as a designer in Middle East Branch of Shenyang Yuanda from 2005 to 2006. From 2006 to 2008, he acted as chief designer in Dubai Branch of Shenyang Yuanda, responsible for the Group’s ACC44 residential buildings, imperial buildings and commercial bay administration building and other projects. From 2008 to 2012, Mr. Zhang held various positions in Shenyang Yuanda, including assistant to chief engineer in International Operation of Shenyang Yuanda, deputy director of International Curtain Wall Manufacturer under Shenyang Yuangda, factory controller and factory president of Shenyang Yuanda. Mr. Zhang graduated from Shenyang Electrical Industrial School with a diploma in electrical and mechanical engineering in 1994.董事（續）執行董事（續）王昊先生，43歲，本公司執行董事，於2002年獲得吉林大學管理學學士學位，主修會計。

王昊先生於2007年加入本集團及於財務管理方面累積逾16年經驗。

張雷先生，51歲，自2013年2月起出任本公司附屬公司瀋陽遠大鋁業工程有限公司（「瀋陽遠大」）副總裁。

張先生於2002年7月加入本集團，於幕牆業擁有逾21年經驗。

加入本集團前，張先生於1994年至2000年在東北耐火材料廠分別擔任多個管理職位，包括東北耐火材料廠四分廠生產設備副廠長及設備處處長。

自2001年至2002年，張先生於日本YKK公司出任管理實習生。

張先生於2002年至2005年在瀋陽遠大東北分公司擔任多個要職，包括質檢及工藝部長。

彼於2005年至2006年在瀋陽遠大中東分公司出任設計員，於2006年至2008年擔任瀋陽遠大迪拜分公司首席設計員，負責本集團ACC44住宅大廈、帝王大廈及商業灣行政樓等專案。

自2008年至2012年，張先生出任瀋陽遠大多個職位，包括瀋陽遠大國際業務管理部總工程師助理、瀋陽遠大國際幕牆製造廠技術副廠長、瀋陽遠大工廠總監、瀋陽遠大工廠總裁。

張先生於1994年在瀋陽機電工業學校獲機電工程文憑。

24 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Directors and Senior Management董事及高級管理人員董事（續）獨立非執行董事胡家棟先生，54歲，於2011年4月12日獲委任為獨立非執行董事。

胡先生於會計及金融服務行業擁有逾29年經驗。

胡先生於香港安達信會計師事務所任職執業會計師，開展其事業，並於該會計師事務所獲取專業資格。

其後，彼曾於荷蘭商業銀行(ING)、中信證券及瑞士信貸的投資銀行部任職。

胡先生持有商業學士學位。

彼現為澳洲會計師公會會員，並為香港會計師公會資深會員。

胡先生現擔任兗礦能源集團股份有限公司（香港股份代號:1171）獨立非執行董事。

胡先生現亦擔任國微技術控股有限公司（香港股份代號：2239）的獨立非執行董事。

胡先生在2019年6月28日至2020年4月22日期間曾為華能新能源股份有限公司（香港股份代號：958，隨後於2020年2月24日自願撤銷上市地位）之獨立非執行董事。

胡先生已於2022年5月25日辭任為鐵江現貨有限公司（香港股份代號：1029）獨立非執行董事之職務。

DIRECTORS (continued)Independent Non-executive DirectorsMr. Woo Kar Tung, Raymond (胡家棟), aged 54, was appointed as an independent non-executive Director on 12 April 2011. Mr. Woo has over 29 years of experience in the accounting and financial services industry. He began his career as a certified accountant at Arthur Andersen & Co where he qualified. Subsequently, he was employed in senior positions as an investment banker at ING, CITICSecurities and Credit Suisse. Mr. Woo holds a Bachelor of Commerce degree. He is a member of the Australian Society of Certified Practising Accountants and a fellow of the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants. Mr. Woo is currently an independent non-executive Director of Yankuang Energy Group Limited (Hong Kong stock code :1171). Mr. Woo is also an independent non-executive director of SMITHoldings Limited (Hong Kong stock code:2239). Mr. Woo was an independent nonexecutive director of Huaneng Renewables Corporation Limited (Hong Kong stock code: 958, subsequently withdrawn listing voluntarily with effect from 24 February 2020) from 28 June 2019 to 22 April 2020. Mr. Woo resigned as an independent non-executive director of IRCLimited (Hong Kong stock code: 1029) on 25 May 2022.25遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Directors and Senior Management董事及高級管理人員DIRECTORS (continued)Independent Non-executive Directors (continued)Mr. Wang Yuhang (王宇航), aged 40, g raduated f rom Shenyang University of Technology with a master’s degree in accounting. He possesses the professional qualifications of national senior accountant and senior auditor. Mr. Wang was appointed as an independent non-executive director of the Company, a member of the audit committee and the nomination committee of the Company on 13 July 2023. Mr. Wang is the national high-level accounting talent of the Ministry of Finance, the leading talent for the fifth phase of economic management in health industry of the National Health Commission of the PRC, the top accounting talent of Liaoning Province, the accounting consulting expert and the audit theory research backbone talent of Liaoning Province. Mr. Wang is the director of the financial professional committee of the Liaoning Health Economics Association, the director of Liaoning Institution of Internal Audit and a member of the Shenyang Youth Federation. He worked in the Planning and Finance Department of the Shenyang Radio and Television Station and Liaoning Provincial Audit Department. He is currently working at the First Hospital of China Medical Universi ty as Chief Accountant. Since April 2022, he has been an independent director of Allwin Telecommunication Co., Ltd. (a company listed on Shenzhen Stock Exchange, stock code: 002231). He has rich experience in financial management, taxation and auditing.董事（續）獨立非執行董事（續）王宇航先生，40歲，畢業於瀋陽工業大學會計學專業，碩士研究生學歷。

具有國家高級會計師、高級審計師的專業資格。

於2023年7月13日已獲委任為本公司獨立非執行董事、本公司審核委員會及提名委員會成員。

王先生具有國家高級會計師，高級審計師的專業資格。

王先生為國家財政部高層次財會人才、國家衛生健康委員會第五期衛生健康行業經濟管理領軍人才、遼寧省高端會計人才、遼寧省會計諮詢專家及遼寧省審計理論研究骨幹人才。

王先生為遼寧省衛生經濟學會財務專業委員會主任委員、遼寧省內審協會理事及瀋陽市青年聯合會委員。

曾就職於瀋陽廣播電視臺計劃財務處及遼寧省審計廳。

現就職於中國醫科大學附屬第一醫院，擔任總會計師。

於2022年4月起至今任奥維通信股份有限公司（一間於深圳證券交易所上市的公司，股票代號：002231）獨立董事。

具有深厚的財務管理、稅務及審計經驗。

26 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Directors and Senior Management董事及高級管理人員DIRECTORS (continued)Independent Non-executive Directors (continued)Ms. Yang Qianwen (楊倩雯), aged 31, was appointed as an independent non-executive Director on 18 April 2023. Ms. Yang has over 9 years of experience in finance, audit and accounting in the PRC. Ms. Yang graduated from the School of Accounting, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics and is a certified public accountant, a registered tax adviser and a registered asset valuer in the PRC. Ms. Yang worked previously as a senior audit manager at Zhongzhun Certified Public Accountants (Special General Partnership), as a senior investment manager at the Liaoning branch of Huatai Securities Co., Ltd., and as the assistant to chairman of遼寧向日葵教育科技有限公司(Liaoning Sunflower Education Technology Co., Ltd.). She has rich experience in financial management, taxation, capital operation and auditing.Mr. Ha Gang, aged 58, graduated from Dalian University of Technology with a bachelor’s degree in law in 1987 and obtained a master’s degree in law from Tsinghua University in January 2005. He has been a professor and a master tutor of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine since July 1987, and has been an independent director of Shenyang Machine Tool Co., Ltd. (a company listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, stock code: 000410) since November 2022. Mr. Ha served as an independent director of Jinbei Automotive Co., Ltd. (a company listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange, stock code: 600609) from 6 August 2019 to 6 September 2022, and an independent director of Shenyang Yuanda Intellectual Industry Group Co., Ltd. (a company listed on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, stock code: 002689) from 14 July 2017 to 30 July 2020.董事（續）獨立非執行董事（續）楊倩雯女士，31歲，於2023年4月18日獲委任為獨立非執行董事。

於中國擁有逾9年的金融、審計及會計方面經驗。

楊女士畢業於東北財經大學會計學院，為中國註冊會計師、註冊稅務顧問及註冊資產評估師。

楊女士先前擔任中准會計師事務所（特殊普通合夥）高級審計經理，擔任華泰證券股份有限公司遼寧分公司高級投資經理，並擔任遼寧向日葵教育科技有限公司董事長助理。

彼於財務管理、稅務、資本運作及審計方面擁有豐富經驗。

哈剛先生，58歲，1987年畢業於大連理工大學並獲法學學士學位，並於2005年1月獲清華大學法學碩士學位。

1987年7月起至今，任遼寧中醫藥大學教授、碩士生導師；自2022年11月起至今，任瀋陽機床股份有限公司（一間於深圳證券交易所上市的公司，股票代號：000410）獨立董事。

哈先生曾經分別擔任以下公司之獨立董事：自2019年8月6日至2022年9月6日期間的金杯汽車股份有限公司（一間於上海證券交易所上市的公司，股份代號：600609）；自2017年7月14日至2020年7月30日期間的瀋陽遠大智能工業集團股份有限公司（一間於深圳證券交易所上市的公司，股票代號：002689）。

27遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Directors and Senior Management董事及高級管理人員DIRECTORS (continued)Independent Non-executive Directors (continued)Save as otherwise disclosed, there was no change to any information required to be disclosed in relation to any Director pursuant to Rule 13.51(2) (a) to (e) and (g) of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Listing Rules”) during the year ended 31 December 2023. All Directors are not involved in any matters concerning Rule 13.51(2)(h) to (v) of the Listing Rules.COMPANYSECRETARYMr. Yu Leung Fai, Philip (余亮暉), aged 47, was appointed as the company secretary and authorized representative of the Company in June 2012 and has over 22 years of experience in corporate services field. He was an auditor of Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu from 2000 to 2001. Since 2001, Mr. Yu joined Fung, Yu & Co. CPALimited and is currently the company’s managing partner. Mr. Yu has also been the company secretary of Beijing Media Corporation Ltd. (Hong Kong stock code:1000), and Sany Heavy Equipment Internat ional Holdings Company Limited (Hong Kong stock code: 631) and independent non-executive director of Realord Group Holdings Limited (Hong Kong stock code: 1196), The Sincere Company, Limited (Hong Kong stock code: 244), CSMall Group Limited (Hong Kong stock code:1815) and Timeless Software Limited (Hong Kong stock code: 8028), all of which are listed companies in Hong Kong, since March 2010, February 2017, June 2014, June 2021, November 2021 and March 2023, respectively. Mr. Yu graduated from the University of Toronto with a Bachelor’s degree (Honour) in Commerce in 2000 and from the University of London with a Bachelor’s degree in Law in 2005. He is a member of the American Institute of Certif ied Public Accountants, Certified Practicing Accountants of Australia, the Hong Kong Inst itute of Cert i f ied Publ ic Accountants and a Certified Trust Practitioner of the Hong Kong Trustee Association.董事（續）獨立非執行董事（續）除另有披露外，於截至2023年12月31日止年度概無任何須根據香港聯合交易所有限公司證券上市規則（「上市規則」）第13.51(2)(a)條至(e)條及(g)條予以披露有關董事的資料的變動。

各董事並無涉及上市規則第13.51(2)(h)至(v)條所述的任何事件。

公司秘書余亮暉先生，47歲，於2012年6月獲委任為本公司的公司秘書以及授權代表，於企業服務領域具有逾22年經驗。

彼於2000年至2001年擔任德勤關黃陳方會計師行審計師。

自2001年起，余先生加入馮兆林余鍚光會計師事務所有限公司，現為該公司執行合夥人。

自2010年3月、2017年2月、2014年6月、2021年6月、2021年11月及2023年3月起，余先生亦分別擔任北青傳媒股份有限公司（香港股票代號：1000）及三一重裝國際控股有限公司（香港股票代號：631）兩家香港上市公司的公司秘書，及偉祿集團控股有限公司（香港股票代號：1196）、先施有限公司（香港股票代號：244）、金貓銀貓集團有限公司（香港股票代號：1815）及天時軟件有限公司（股份代號：8028）之獨立非執行董事。

余先生於2000年畢業於多倫多大學，取得商業榮譽學士學位，並於2005年畢業於倫敦大學，取得法律學士學位。

彼為美國註冊會計師公會、澳洲會計師公會，香港會計師公會會員及香港信托協會香港信托人公會註冊信托從業認可信託專業人員。

28 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Directors and Senior Management董事及高級管理人員SENIORMANAGEMENTMr. Zhao Zhongqiu (趙忠秋), Chief Executive Officer of the Company – see the paragraph under “Executive Directors” above.Mr. Tian Wei (田威), the chief financial officer of the Company, aged 49, obtained his bachelor’s degree from Shenyang University (瀋陽大學) in 1999 with a major in accounting. Mr. T ian joined the Group in 2001 and has over 23 years extensive experience in financial management and accounting work. In 2005, Mr. Tian was promoted as the head of the financial accounting department in Shanghai subsidiary of the Group. In 2008, Mr. Tian was appointed as the financial manager of international subsidiary of the Group. Since June 2020, Mr. Tian has worked for the financial department of the Group as the general manager, responsible for planning and management of financial accounting, taxation matters, costing and corporate finance of the Group.高級管理人員趙忠秋先生，首席執行官－請參閱上文「執行董事」一段。

田威先生，首席財務官，49歲，於1999年畢業於瀋陽大學，本科學位，會計專業。

田先生於2001年加入本集團及於財務管理和會計方面累積逾23年經驗。

於2005年，田先生被提升為本集團上海附屬公司的財務部門主管。

於2008年，田先生晉升為本集團國際附屬公司財務經理。

自2020年6月起，田先生擔任本集團財務部總經理，負責本集團財務會計、稅務、成本及企業融資工作。

29遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告The board of directors (the “Board”) of the Company is pleased to present this Corporate Governance Report in the Group’s Annual Report for the year ended 31 December 2023.CORPORATEGOVERNANCECULTUREThe Group adheres to the corporate core value of “customer-oriented and striver-oriented” and practises the business philosophy of “technology leads the market and service creates value”. The Board of the Company plays a leading role in formulating the corporate culture of the Company, regularly monitors and evaluates the corporate culture, collects and listens to the opinions of employees and stakeholders, so as to ensure that the corporate culture of the Company is highly consistent with the Company’s business objectives, legal and compliance supervision, and employee interests.CORPORATEGOVERNANCEPRACTICESThe Group strives to maintain high standards of corporate governance to enhance shareholder value and safeguard shareholder interests. The Group’s corporate governance principles emphasize the importance of a qual ity Board, effective internal controls and accountability to shareholders of the Company.For the year ended 31 December 2023, the Company has adopted the Corporate Governance Code (the “CGCode”) contained in Appendix C1 to the Listing Rules as its own code to govern its corporate governance practices.The Company reviews its corporate governance practices regularly to ensure compliance with the CGCode. For the year ended 31 December 2023, the Company has complied with all code provisions of the CGCode.本公司董事會（「董事會」）欣然提呈此載於本集團截至2023年12月31日止年度年報的企業管治報告。

企業管治文化本集團遵循「以客戶為中心、以奮鬥者為本」的企業核心價值觀，踐行「科技引領市場，服務創造價值」的經營理念。

本公司董事會在制定公司企業文化方面具有主導作用，定期監視及評估企業文化，收集聽取員工及持份者意見，以保確保公司企業文化與公司業務目標、法律與合規監管，以及員工利益等方面高度一致。

企業管治常規本集團致力維持高水準的企業管治，以提升股東價值及保障股東權益。

本集團的企業管治原則側重優質董事會、有效內部監控及對本公司股東負責任的重要性。

於截至2023年12月31日止年度，本公司一直採納上市規則附錄C1所載之企業管治守則（「企業管治守則」）為其管治其企業管治常規之守則。

本公司定期檢討其企業管治常規，以確保常規符合企業管治守則。

截止2023年12月31日止年度，本公司已遵守企業管治常規守則的所有守則條文。

30 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告THEBOARDOFDIRECTORSResponsibilitiesThe Board is responsible for leadership and control of the Company and oversees the Group’s businesses, strategic decisions and performance with the objective of enhancing shareholders’ value including sett ing and approving the Company’s strategic implementation, considering substantial investments, reviewing the Group’s financial performance and developing and reviewing the Group’s pol ic ies and practices on corporate governance and over all performance in environmental, social and governance (the “ESG”). The Board has delegated to the chief executive officer, of whom the directors also undertake, and through him, to the senior management the authority and responsibility for the day-to-day management and operation of the Group. In addition, the Board has established Board committees and has delegated to these Board committees various responsibilities as set out in their respective terms of reference.All directors shall ensure that they carry out duties in good faith, in compliance with applicable laws and regulations, and in the interests of the Company and its shareholders at all times.The Company has arranged for appropriate insurance cover for directors’ and officers’ liabilities in respect of legal actions against its directors and senior management arising out of corporate activities.BOARDCOMPOSITIONAs at the date of this report, membership of the Board is made up of eight members in total, with four executive Directors and four independent non-executive Directors. During the year ended 31 December 2023 and up to the date of this report, the composition of the Board is set out below:Executive DirectorsMr. Kang Baohua ChairmanMr. Zhao Zhongqiu Chief executive officerMr. Ma Minghui (resigned on 6 March 2024)Mr. Wang HaoMr. Zhang LeiIndependent Non-Executive DirectorsMr. Poon Chiu Kwok (resigned on 9 September 2023)Mr. Woo Kar Tung, RaymondMr. Pang Chung Fai, Benny (retired on 6 June 2023)Ms. Yang Qianwen (appointed on 18 April 2023)Mr. Wang Yuhang (appointed on 13 July 2023)Mr. Ha Gang (appointed on 17 January 2024)董事會職責董事會負責領導及控制本公司，並監督本集團的業務、戰略決定及表現，以提升股東價值，包括制訂及批准本公司落實策略、考慮重大投資、檢討本集團財務表現以及發展及審閱本集團企業管治的政策及常規及環境、社會及管治（「ESG」）整體表現。

董事會已向行政總裁授權而董事亦承擔，並透過行政總裁向高級管理層轉授權力及職責，負責本集團日常管理及運作。

此外，董事會亦已成立董事委員會，並向該等董事委員會授予多項職責，有關職責載於其各自的職權範圍內。

全體董事須確保本著真誠並遵守適用法律及法規以及於任何時候按本公司及其股東的利益履行職責。

本公司已應公司業務就針對董事及高級管理層提出的法律訴訟所產生的董事及高級職員責任購買適當的保險。

董事會組成於本報告日期，董事會共由8名成員組成，其中包括4名執行董事及4名獨立非執行董事。

於截至2023年12月31日止年度及直至本報告日期，董事會組成載列如下：執行董事康寶華先生主席趙忠秋先生行政總裁馬明輝先生（已於2024年3月6日辭任）王昊先生張雷先生獨立非執行董事潘昭國先生（已於2023年9月9日辭任）胡家棟先生彭中輝先生（已於2023年6月6日退任）楊倩雯女士（於2023年4月18日獲委任）王宇航先生（於2023年7月13日已獲委任）哈剛先生（於2024年1月17日已獲委任）31遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告董事會組成（續）BOARDCOMPOSITION (continued)獨獨立立非非執執行行董董事事Independent Non-executiveDirectors預算管理及領導技能/Budget managementand leadership skills財務彙報及風險監控經驗/Financialreporting and risk oversight experience幕牆產品的製造與營銷經驗/Experience inmanufacturing and marketing of curtain wall products政府、法律及公共政策經驗/Government,legal and public policy experience內地市場專業知識/Mainland marketexpertise人力管理專業知識/Human resourcesmanagement expertise執執行行董董事事Executive Directors30- 5041---40 0-5 0-1 51-606-11 >11>60董事會成員專業背景及技能Board Expertise and Skills44兼任董事的上市公司數量/Number of Other ListedCompanies Serving as Directors擔任董事的經驗年數/Years of DirectorshipsExperience年齡組別/Age Group1名董事1 Director2名董事2 Director4名董事4 Directors1名董事1 Director4名董事4 Directors7名董事7 Directors1名董事1 Director3名董事3 Directors良好的判斷及對管理層作有效良好的判斷及對管理層作有效的監督及指導的監督及指導Sound judgement and effectiveoversight of and guidance tomanagement>11名董事1 Director32 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告董事會組成（續）董事名單（按類別劃分）亦已根據上市規則於本公司不時刊發的所有公司通訊中披露。

所有公司通訊均已遵照上市規則明確說明獨立非執行董事身份。

董事會各成員之個人履歷於本報告「董事及高級管理人員」一節內披露。

董事會各成員間並無任何關連。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，董事會一直遵照上市規則要求必須委任最少3名獨立非執行董事，而其中至少1名獨立非執行董事須擁有適當的專業資格或會計或相關財務管理專業知識的規定。

本公司已接獲各獨立非執行董事根據上市規則3.13條之規定有關彼等獨立性的年度確認書。

本公司認為，根據上市規則所載的獨立指引，全體獨立非執行董事均為獨立人士。

全體董事（包括獨立非執行董事）為董事會帶來廣泛的寶貴商業經驗、知識及專長，令其能有效運作。

獨立非執行董事已獲邀請在本公司審核委員會（「審核委員會」）、薪酬委員會（「薪酬委員會」）及提名委員會（「提名委員會」）任職。

除另有披露外，董事會任何成員之間概無關係（包括財務、業務、家族或其他重大關係）。

就哈剛先生於2024年1月17日獲委任為獨立非執行董事而言，哈剛先生確認其於2024年1月11日取得第3.09D條所述的法律意見，並了解其作為本公司董事的責任。

BOARDCOMPOSITION (continued)The l ist of Directors (by category) is also disclosed in al l corporate communications issued by the Company pursuant to the List ing Rules from time to t ime. The independent non-executive Directors are expressly identified in all corporate communications pursuant to the Listing Rules.The biographical details of the members of the Board are disclosed under the section headed “Directors and Senior Management” in this report. None of the members of the Board is related to one another.During the year ended 31 December 2023, the Board at all times met the requirements of the Listing Rules relating to the appointment of at least three independent non-executive Directors with at least one independent non-executive Director possessing appropriate professional qualifications or accounting or related financial management expertise.The Company has received wri t ten annual conf i rmat ion from each independent non-executive Director of his/her independence pursuant to the requirements of Rule 3.13 of the Listing Rules. The Company considers all independent non-executive Directors to be independent in accordance with the independence guidelines as set out in the Listing Rules.All Directors, including independent non-executive Directors, have brought a wide spectrum of valuable business experience, knowledge and professionalism to the Board for its efficient and effective functioning. Independent non-executive Directors are invited to serve on the audit committee (“Audit Committee”), remuneration committee (the “Remuneration Committee”) and nomination committee (the “Nomination Committee”) of the Company.Save as otherwise disclosed, there is no relationship (including f inancial, business, family or other material relat ionship) between members of the Board.In respect o f the appo in tment o f Mr. Ha Gang as an independent non-executive Director on 17 January 2024, Mr. Ha Gang confirmed that he obtained the legal advice referred to in Rule 3.09D on 11 January 2024 and that he understood his obligations as a Director of the Company.33遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告NOMINATIONPOLICYThe Company has adop ted a nom ina t i on po l i c y ( t he “Nomination Policy”) which sets out the selection criteria and procedures to nominate candidate as a Director. Pursuant to the Nomination Policy, the Nomination Committee shall identify suitable board candidates and make recommendation to the Board on the selection of individuals nominated for di rectorships, after assessing a number of factors of a candidate, including, but not limited to, reputation for integrity, accomplishment and experience, commitment in respect of available time and attention on relevant matters, independence of proposed independent non-execut ive Di rectors and diversity in all aspects. The Board shall have the final decision in relation to the nomination of any candidates to stand for election at general meetings of the Company. The Nomination Committee will review the Nomination Policy, as appropriate, and recommend revision to the Board for consideration and approval.BOARDDIVERSITYPOLICYThe Board has considered a board diversity policy setting out the approach to achieve diversity on the Board. The Company considered diversity of Board members can be achieved through consideration of a number of aspects, including but not limited to gender, age, cultural and educational background, professional experience, ski l ls and knowledge. Al l Board appointments are based on meritocracy, and candidates will be considered against objective criteria, having due regard for the benefits of diversity on the Board.Selection of candidates is based on a range of diversified perspectives, including but not limited to gender, age, cultural and educational background, professional experience, skills and knowledge. The ultimate decision will be made upon the merits of the selected candidates and their contribution to the Board.The Nomination Committee will monitor the implementation of the Board Diversity Policy by conducting review of the Board’s composition at least once annually, and adhering to the Board Diversity Policy when making recommendation on any Board appointments.提名政策公司採用了提名政策（「提名政策」），規定了提名董事候選人的選擇標準和程序。

根據提名政策，提名委員會應在評估候選人的若干因素，包括但不限於：正直聲譽、成就和經驗、相關事宜投入的時間和精力、獨立非執行董事的獨立性和各方面的多樣性。

董事會對於其推薦候選人在股東大會上參選的事宜有最後決定權。

提名委員會將酌情檢討提名政策，並提出修訂建議以供董事會審議及批准。

董事會成員多元化政策董事會仔細考慮成員多元化政策，載明實現董事會成員多元化的方針。

本公司制訂董事會成員多元化已從多個方面作出考慮，包括但不限於性別、年齡、文化及教育背景、專業經驗、技能及知識。

董事會所有委任均以用人唯才為原則，並在考慮人選時以客觀條件充分顧及董事會成員多元化的裨益。

甄選人選將按一系列多元化範疇為基準，包括但不限於性別、年齡、文化及教育背景、專業經驗、技能及知識。

最終將按人選的長處及可為董事會作出的貢獻而作決定。

提名委員會對董事會的組成至少每年檢討一次，並於就任何董事會委任提出建議時遵守董事會多元化政策，以監察董事會多元化政策的實施。

34 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告BOARDDIVERSITYPOLICY (continued)Ms. Yang Qianwen was appointed as an independent non-executive Director of the Company on 18 April 2023. Following the appointment of Ms. Yang, the Board has achieved gender diversity and thus fulfilled the requirement under Rule 13.92 of the Listing Rules.As at 31 December 2023, there were 2,006 male employees and 370 female employees, representing approximately 84.4% and 15.6% of the workforce (including senior management) respectively. The Group targets to achieve at least 18.0% of female employees by 2030 and expects a gradual reduction in the number of the dismission of female employees.BOARDINDEPENDENCEThe Group has established mechanisms to ensure independent v iews and input a re ava i l ab le to the Board and such mechanisms will be reviewed annually by the Board: At least one-third of the Board are independent non-executive Directors in compliance with the List ing Rules requirements, and the Company wi l l assess the independence of the independent non-executive Directors on at least an annual basis. The Nomination Committee will assess the independence o f a cand ida te who i s nom ina ted to be a new independent non-executive Director before appointment and the continued independence of the current long-serving independent non-executive Directors on an annual basis. All independent non-executive Directors are required to submit a written confirmation to the Company annually to confirm their independence in accordance with Rule 3.13 of the Listing Rules.董事會成員多元化政策（續）楊倩雯女士已於2023年4月18日獲委任為本公司獨立非執行董事，自楊女士獲委任後，董事會已實現性別多元化，並因此遵守上市規則第13.92條所載規定。

截至2023年12月31日，本集團有2,006名男性員工及370名女性員工，分別佔員工總數（包括高級管理人員）的約84.4%及15.6%。

本集團的目標是於2030年前實現女性員工佔比至少18.0%，並預計女性員工的離職人數將逐步減少。

董事會獨立性本集團已設立機制，以確保向董事會提供獨立意見及建議，而董事會將於每年檢討有關機制：董事會至少三分之一為獨立非執行董事，符合上市規則規定，且本公司將至少每年評估獨立非執行董事的獨立性。

提名委員會將於每年評估獲提名為新獨立非執行董事之候選人於獲委任前之獨立性以及現時長期服務之獨立非執行董事之持續獨立性。

所有獨立非執行董事均須每年向本公司提交書面確認，以確認其獨立性是否符合上市規則第3.13條。

35遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告 A l l D i rec to rs a re en t i t l ed to re ta in i ndependent professional advisors as and when it is required. All Directors are encouraged to express their views in an open and candid manner during the Board/Board committee meetings. The cha i rman o f t he Boa rd w i l l mee t w i t h t he independent non-executive Directors at least annually without the presence of the executive Directors. ADirector (including independent non-executive Director) who has material interest in any contract or arrangement shall abstain from voting and not be counted in the quorum on any Board resolution approving the same.The Board would review the implementation and effectiveness of the above mechanisms on an annual basis.CHAIRMANANDCHIEFEXECUTIVEOFFICERThe roles and duties of the Chairman (the “Chairman”) and the chief executive officer (the “Chief Executive Officer”) of the Company are carried out by different individuals and have been clearly defined in writing.The Chairman of the Board is Mr. Kang Baohua, and the chief executive officer is Mr. Zhao Zhongqiu. The positions of Chairman and Chief Executive Officer are held by separate persons in order to preserve independence and a balance of v iews and judgments. With the support of the senior management, the Chairman is responsible for ensuring that the Directors receive adequate, complete and reliable information in a timely manner and appropriate briefing on issues arising at Board meetings. The chief executive officer focuses on implementing objectives, policies and strategies approved and delegated by the Board. The Chief Executive Officer is in charge of the Company’s day-to-day management and operations. The Chief Executive Officer is also responsible for developing strategic plans and formulating the organizational structure, control systems and internal procedures and processes for the Board’s approval.所有董事均有權於需要時聘請獨立專業顧問。

所有董事均獲鼓勵在董事會╱董事委員會會議上以公開坦誠之方式表達彼等之意見。

董事會主席將在執行董事缺席之情況下至少每年與獨立非執行董事進行一次會面。

於任何合約或安排中擁有重大權益之董事（包括獨立非執行董事）應於批准有關合約或安排之任何董事會決議案時放棄投票，且不應計入法定人數。

董事會將每年檢討上述機制的實施情況及成效。

主席及行政總裁本公司主席（「主席」）及行政總裁（「行政總裁」）的職位及職責由不同人士擔任及以書面清晰界定。

董事會主席為康寶華先生，而行政總裁為趙忠秋先生。

主席及行政總裁的職位由不同人士擔任，以便保持獨立性及作出判斷時有平衡意見。

在高級管理層協助下，主席的責任是確保董事能適時收到充分、完整及可靠數據並適時及適當簡介董事會會議上提出之事宜。

行政總裁主要負責實行董事會批准及授權的目標、政策及策略。

行政總裁須承擔本公司日常管理及運作的執行責任。

行政總裁亦負責發展策略計劃及制訂組織架構、監控系統及內部程序及過程供董事會批准。

36 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告APPOINTMENTANDRE-ELECTIONOFDIRECTORSEach of the executive Directors is engaged on a service contract for a term of three years, and the appointment may be terminated by not less than three month’s written notice. Each of the independent non-executive Directors has been appointed for a term of 1-3 years and the appointment may be terminated by not less than one months’ written notice.In accordance with the Company’s Articles of Association, all Directors are subject to retirement by rotation at least once every three years and any new Director appointed by the Board to fill a causal vacancy or as an addition to the Board shall submit himself/herself for reelection by shareholders of the Company at the first general meeting after appointment.The procedures and process of appointment, re-election and removal of directors are laid down in the Company’s Articles of Association. The Nomination Committee is responsible for reviewing the Board composition, making recommendations to the Board on the appointment and succession planning of Directors and assessing the independence of independent non-executive Directors.In accordance with articles 83,84 and 85 of the Company’s Articles of Association, Mr. Kang Baohua, Mr. Zhao Zhongqiu, Mr. Woo Kar Tung, Raymond, Mr. Wang Yuhang and Mr. Ha Gang shall retire by rotation and being eligible, will offer themselves for re-election (except for Mr. Woo Kar Tung, Raymond) at the forthcoming annual general meeting to be held on 4 June 2024 (the “2023 AGM”).BOARDMEETINGSBoard practices and conduct of Board meetingsAnnual meeting schedules and draft agenda of each meeting are normally made available to the Directors in advance.Notices of regular Board meetings are served to all directors at least 14 days before the meeting. For other Board and committee meetings, reasonable notice is generally given.董事委任及重選本公司各執行董事均訂立為期3年的服務合約，而委任可透過發出不少於3個月書面通告的方式終止。

本公司各獨立非執行董事則獲為期1-3年之委任，而委任可透過發出不少於1個月書面通告的方式終止。

根據本公司的組織章程細則，本公司全體董事須至少每3年輪值告退1次及任何經董事會新委任以填補臨時空缺的董事須於委任後首次股東大會上接受公司股東重選。

董事委任、重選及罷免程序及過程已載於本公司的組織章程細則。

提名委員會負責檢討董事會組合、向董事會推薦董事委任及繼任規劃，以及評估獨立非執行董事的獨立性。

根據本公司章程細則第83、84及85條，康寶華先生、趙忠秋先生、胡家棟先生、王宇航先生及哈剛先生須於2024年6月4日舉行的股東週年大會（「2023年股東週年大會」）輪值退任（胡家棟先生除外），彼等具有資格並願膺選連任。

董事會會議董事會會議常規及操守各會議的年度會議程序及議程一般須事先向董事提供。

定期舉行的董事會會議通告須於會議舉行前至少14天送交全體董事。

至於其他董事會及委員會會議，則一般須給予合理時間通知。

37遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告BOARDMEETINGS (continued)Board practices and conduct of Board meetings (continued)Board papers together with all appropriate, complete and reliable information are sent to all Directors at least 3 days before each Board meeting or committee meeting to keep Directors apprised of the latest developments and financial position of the Company and to enable them to make informed decisions. The Board and each Director also have separate and independent access to the senior management where necessary.The Company’s senior management, including the Chief Executive Officer, chief financial officer and company secretary, attend al l regular Board meetings and where necessary, other Board and committee meetings, to advise on business developments, financial and accounting matters, statutory and regulatory compliance, corporate governance and other major aspects of the Company.The company secretary of the Company is responsib le for taking and keeping minutes of all Board meetings and committee meetings. Draft minutes are normally circulated to the Directors for comment with in a reasonable time after each meeting and final versions are open for the Directors’ inspection.The Company’s Articles of Association contain provisions requiring Directors to abstain from voting and not to be counted in the quorum at meetings for approving transactions in which such Directors or any of their associates have a material interest.董事會會議（續）董事會會議常規及操守（續）於各董事會會議或委員會會議舉行前至少3天，向全體董事寄發董事會議程連同所有正確、完整及可靠數據，供董事知悉本公司的最新發展及財務狀況，從而令彼等可作出知情決定。

董事會及各董事亦可於必要時個別獨立接觸高級管理層。

本公司的高級管理層，包括行政總裁、財務總監及公司秘書，出席全部定期舉行的董事會會議，並於必要時出席其他董事會及委員會會議，就本公司的業務發展、財務及會計事宜、法定及監管規定、企業管治及其他重大事務提供意見。

本公司的公司秘書負責所有董事會會議及委員會會議記錄，並保存有關記錄。

每次舉行董事會會議及委員會會議後一段合理時間內，一般會向董事傳閱會議記錄初稿供其審閱，而定稿將可供董事查閱。

本公司的組織章程細則載有條文要求董事須在就批准董事或任何彼等的連絡人士於其中擁有重大權益的交易而召開的會議上放棄投票，及不會計入法定人數。

38 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告BOARDMEETINGS (continued)Directors’ attendance recordsThe attendance records of each Director at the Board meetings and committee meetings being held during the year ended 31 December 2023 and the annual general meeting for the financial year of 2022 held on 6 June 2023 (the “2022 AGM”) are set out below:Attendance/Number of Meetings出席次數╱會議數目Name of Director Board Nomination CommitteeRemuneration CommitteeAudit CommitteeAnnual General MeetingChairman’s Annual meetings with INEDs董事姓名董事會提名委員會薪酬委員會審核委員會股東週年大會主席與獨立非執行董事的年度會議Kang Baohua 5/53/31/11/1康寶華Ma Minghui (resigned on 6 March 2024) 5/51/1馬明輝（於2024年3月6日辭任）Wang Hao 5/51/1王昊Zhang Lei 5/51/1張雷Zhao Zhongqiu 5/53/31/1趙忠秋Poon Chiu Kwok (resigned on 9 September 2023) 5/53/32/21/11/1潘昭國（於2023年9月9日辭任）Woo Kar Tung, Raymond 5/53/32/21/11/1胡家棟Pang Chung Fai, Benny (retired on 6 June 2023) 2/21/12/21/11/11/1彭中輝（於2023年6月6日退任）Yang Qianwen (appointed on 18 April 2023) 3/31/11/11/11/11/1楊倩雯（於2023年4月18日獲委任）Wang Yuhang (appointed on 13 July 2023) 2/21/1王宇航（於2023年7月13日獲委任）Note: The denominators in the above table are by reference to the number of meetings held during the relevant director’s tenure in 2023.董事會會議（續）董事出席會議記錄截至2023年12月31日止年度，各董事出席董事會會議及委員會會議以及出席於2023年6月6日召開的2022年財政年度股東週年大會（「2022年股東週年大會」）的記錄載列如下：附註：上表中的分母是指2023年相關董事任期內召開的會議次數。

39遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告DIRECTORS’ TRAININGDirectors must keep abreast of their collective responsibilities and are encouraged to participate in continuous professional development to develop and refresh their knowledge and skills. The Company would provide to each newly appointed Director or alternative Director an induction package covering the summary of the responsibilities and liabilities of a director of a Hong Kong listed company, the Group’s businesses and the statutory regulatory obligations of a director of a listed company as well as the Company’s constitutional documents to ensure that he/she is sufficiently aware of his/her responsibil it ies and obligations under the Listing Rules and other regulatory requirements. The Group also provided briefings and other training to develop and refresh the Directors’ knowledge and skills from time to time. Further, the Company continuously updates Directors on the latest developments regarding the Listing Rules and other applicable regulatory requirements, to ensure compliance and enhance their awareness of good corporate governance practices.Details regarding the trainings attended by the Directors during the year ended 31 December 2023 are as follow:Types of trainingDirectors董事培訓種類Executive Directors執行董事Kang Baohua康寶華A,B,C,D,EWang Hao王昊B,C,D,EZhao Zhongqiu趙忠秋B,C,D,EZhang Lei張雷B,D,EIndependent Non-Executive Directors獨立非執行董事Woo Kar Tung, Raymond胡家棟A,B,C,EYang Qianwen楊倩雯B,E,FWang Yuhang王宇航B,E,F董事培訓董事須知悉彼等共同責任，本公司鼓勵董事參與持續專業發展，以發展及改善彼等知識及技能。

本公司將向每名新委任董事或替任董事提供入職簡介，簡介涵蓋香港上市公司董事的職責及責任、本集團業務及上市公司董事的法定規管責任以及本公司憲制檔，以確保其充分瞭解其於上市規則及其他規管要求下的職責及責任。

本集團亦舉行簡介會及其他培訓課程，以不時發展及改善董事知識及技能。

此外，本公司不斷向董事就上市規則及其他適用規管要求匯報最新發展，以確保遵守規定，並加強彼等對良好企業管治守則的認知。

董事於截至2023年12月31日止年度出席培訓的詳情如下：40 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告DIRECTORS’ TRAINING (continued)Note:A. Attending seminar(s)/forum(s)B. Reading materials relating to general business, real estate development, directors’ duties and responsibilities and so onC. Giving talks to external seminar(s)/forum(s)D. Attending corporate event(s)/visit(s)E. Directors E-Trainings in HKExF. Induction TrainingMODELCODEFORSECURITIESTRANSACTIONSThe Company has adopted the Model Code for Securities Transactions by Directors of Listed Issuers (the “Model Code”) as set out in Appendix C3 to the Listing Rules and devised its own code of conduct regarding directors’ dealings in the Company’s securities (the “Company Code”) on terms no less exacting than the Model Code.Specific enquiry has been made of all the Directors and the Directors have confirmed that they have complied with the Model Code and the Company Code throughout the year ended 31 December 2023.The Company has also established written guidelines on no less exacting terms than the Model Code (the “Employees Written Guidelines”) for securities transactions by employees who are likely to be in possession of unpublished inside information of the Company.No incident of non-compliance of the Employees Written Guidelines by the employees was noted by the Company for the year ended 31 December 2023.董事培訓（續）附註：A.出席研討會╱論壇B.閱讀有關業務、地產發展、董事職責及責任等之資料C.出席外部研討會╱論壇致辭D.出席公司活動、造訪行程E.香港聯交所網上董事培訓F.任職培訓證券交易標準守則本公司已採納上市規則附錄C3所載上市發行人董事進行證券交易的標準守則（「標準守則」）及修訂了其條款不遜於標準守則的其本身有關董事買賣本公司證券的行為守則（「公司守則」）。

本公司已向全體董事作出具體查詢，而董事已確認，截至2023年12月31日止年度，彼等一直遵守標準守則及公司守則。

本公司已就可能擁有未公開的本公司內幕消息的僱員進行證券交易確立條款不遜於標準守則的書面指引（「僱員書面指引」）。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，本公司並未察覺僱員違反僱員書面指引的事故。

41遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告DELEGATIONBYTHEBOARDThe Board undertakes responsibility for decision making in major Company matters, including the approval and monitoring of all policy matters, overall strategies and budgets, internal control and risk management systems, material transactions (in particular those that may involve conflict of interests), financial information, appointment of directors and other significant financial and operational matters.Al l Directors have fu l l and t imely access to a l l re levant information as well as the advice and services of the company secretary, with a view to ensuring that Board procedures and all applicable laws and regulations are followed. Each Director is normally able to seek independent professional advice in appropriate circumstances at the Company’s expense, upon making request to the Board.The day-to-day management, administration and operation of the Company are delegated to the Chief Executive Officer and the senior management. The delegated functions and responsibilities are periodically reviewed. Approval has to be obtained from the Board prior to any significant transactions entered in to by the aforesaid officers. The Board also has the full support of the Chief Executive Officer and the senior management for the discharge of its responsibilities.REMUNERATIONOFDIRECTORSANDSENIOR MANAGEMENTThe Company has establ ished a formal and transparent procedure for formulating policies on remuneration of senior management of the Group. Details of the remuneration of each of the Directors for the year ended 31 December 2023 are set out in Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements. Such Director’s remuneration was determined with reference to the experience and duties of the Directors as well as the Company’s remuneration policy and will be subject to review by the Remuneration Committee from time to time.董事會授權董事會負責對本公司重大事宜作出決策，包括批准及監督所有政策事宜、整體策略及預算、內部監控及風險管理制度、重大交易（尤其是可能涉及利益衝突的交易）、財務數據、委任董事及其他重大財務及運作事宜。

全體董事可及時取得所有相關數據以及公司秘書的意見及服務，以確保符合董事會議事程序以及遵守所有適用規則及規例。

向董事會提出要求後，各董事一般可於適當情況下徵詢獨立專業意見，費用由本公司承擔。

本公司日常管理、行政及運作均由行政總裁及高級管理層負責。

本公司會定期檢討獲分派職務及工作。

上述高級職員於訂立任何重大交易前，必須事先獲董事會批准。

董事會亦獲行政總裁及高級管理層全力支持履行其職責。

董事及高級管理層薪酬本公司已制定本集團高級管理層薪酬政策的正式及具透明度的程序。

各董事於截至2023年12月31日止年度的薪酬詳情載列於合併財務報表附註8。

該等董事的薪酬是根據董事的經驗和職責以及公司的薪酬政策確定的，並不時由薪酬委員會檢討。

42 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告RETIREMENTBENEFITSCHEMESThe Group participated in various retirement benefit schemes in accordance with the relevant rules and regulations in the PRC. The employees of overseas subsidiaries of the Group participate in defined contribution retirement benefit schemes managed by the respective local government authorities. In addition, certain qualified employees of overseas subsidiaries also participate in defined benefit retirement plan. Details of the Group’s retirement benefit schemes are set out in note 6(b) to the consolidated financial statements.According to the retirement benefit schemes of the Group, there is no applicable circumstance of forfeited contributionsBOARDCOMMITTEESAs an integral part of sound corporate governance practices, the Board has established three committees, namely, the Nomination Committee, Remuneration Committee and Audit Committee, for overseeing particular aspects of the Company’s affairs. All Board committees of the Company are established with defined written terms of reference which are available on the Company’s website and the Stock Exchange’s website. Each of the Nomination Committee, Remuneration Committee and Audit Committee are provided with sufficient resources to discharge their duties and, upon reasonable request, are able to seek independent professional advice in appropriate circumstances, at the Company’s expenses.Nomination CommitteeAs at the date of this report, the Nomination Committee comprises three members, namely Mr. Kang Baohua (Chairman), Mr. Wang Yuhang and Ms. Yang Qianwen, the majority of which are independent non-executive Directors.The principal duties of the Nomination Committee include reviewing the Board composition, making recommendations to the Board on the appointment and succession planning of Directors, and assessing the independence of the independent non-executive Directors.退休福利計劃本集團根據中華人民共和國的有關規則及規例，參與各項退休福利計劃。

本集團海外的附屬公司的僱員參與其各自地方政府機關管理的界定供款退休福利計劃。

除此之外，符合條件的海外附屬公司僱員亦參加設定收益退休福利計劃。

本集團退休福利計劃的詳細情況載列於合併財務報表附註6(b)內。

根據本集團的退休福利計劃，不存在沒收供款的適用情況。

董事委員會為符合良好企業管治常規，董事會已成立3個委員會，分別是提名委員會、薪酬委員會及審核委員會，以監管本公司特定範疇的事宜。

本公司所有董事委員會乃根據已界定書面職權範圍成立，有關職權範圍資料已載於本公司網站及聯交所網站供股東省覽。

提名委員會、薪酬委員會及審核委員會均獲提供足夠資源，以履行其職務，倘提出合理要求後，可於適當情況下尋求獨立專業意見，費用由本公司承擔。

提名委員會截至本報告日期，提名委員會由3名成員組成，分別是康寶華先生（主席）、王宇航先生及楊倩雯女士，大部分成員為獨立非執行董事。

提名委員會的主要職責包括檢討董事會組成、就委任及董事繼任計劃向董事會提出建議及評估獨立非執行董事的獨立性。

43遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告董事委員會（續）提名委員會（續）截至2023年12月31日止年度，提名委員會：對董事會的架構、人數及組成（包括技能、知識及經驗方面）進行了年度審閱，並就任何為配合本公司的策略而擬對董事會作出的變動提出建議；向董事會提供意見，確保獨立非執行董事必須佔董事會成員人數至少三分一；評核獨立非執行董事的獨立性；就董事委任及重新委任向董事會提出建議；及提議董事會應該在諸多方面（但不限於）（如性別、年齡、民族、職業經歷、學歷及服務任期）實現董事會的多元化。

提名委員會根據其職權範圍每年至少舉行1次會議。

於回顧年度，提名委員會舉行了3次會議。

BOARDCOMMITTEES (continued)Nomination Committee (continued)During the year ended 31 December 2023, the Nomination Committee: reviewed the structure, size and composition (including the skil ls, knowledge and experience) of the Board annually and made recommendations on any proposed changes to the Board to implement the Company’s corporate strategy; made recommendations to the Board to ensure that the independent non-executive Directors comprise at least one-third of the Board; assessed the independence of independent non-executive Directors; m a d e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s t o t h e B o a r d o n t h e appointment and reappointment of Directors; and made recommendations to achieve board diversity through the considerat ion of a number of factors, including but not l imited to gender, age, ethnicity, professional experience, knowledge and length of service.The Nomination Committee meets at least once per year accord ing to i ts terms of re ference. Three Nominat ion Committee meetings were held during the year under review.44 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告BOARDCOMMITTEES (continued)Remuneration CommitteeAs at the date of this report, the Remuneration Committee comprises four members, namely Mr. Woo Kar Tung, Raymond (Chairman), Mr. Zhao Zhongqiu, Ms. Yang Qianwen and Mr. Ha Gang, the majority of which are independent non-executive Directors.The Remunerat ion Committee is responsible for making recommendations on the Directors’ remuneration and other benefits. The remuneration of all Directors is subject to regular monitoring by the Remuneration Committee to ensure that level of their remuneration and compensation are reasonable. Their written terms of reference are in compliance with the provisions of the CGCode. Pursuant to code provision E.1.3 of the CG Code, the Remuneration Committee would make available its terms of reference, explaining its role and the authority delegated to it by the Board.During the year ended 31 December 2023, the Remuneration Committee: made recommendations to the Board on the Company’s po l icy and st ructure for a l l D i rectors and sen ior management remuneration and on the establishment of a formal and transparent procedure for developing remuneration policy; reviewed and approved the management’s remuneration proposals with reference to the Board’s corporate goals and objectives; conduct an annual review with reference to companies with comparable business or scale and recommend remuneration adjustments, if appropriate; reviewed and approved the disclosure details of any remuneration payable to members of senior management by band in the annual reports; and conducted regular evaluations of the Board on its performance as it may consider appropriate.董事委員會（續）薪酬委員會截至本報告日期，薪酬委員會由4名成員組成，分別是胡家棟先生（主席）、趙忠秋先生、楊倩雯女士及哈剛先生，大部分成員為獨立非執行董事。

薪酬委員會負責就董事薪酬及其他福利提供建議。

全體董事薪酬均受薪酬委員會定期監管，以確保彼等薪酬水準及補償屬合理。

彼等職權範圍乃遵照企業管治守則的條文。

根據企業所管治守則條文E.1.3守則條文，薪酬委員會將制訂職權範圍，解釋其職能及獲董事會所授予的權力。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，薪酬委員會主要負責：就本公司董事及高級管理人員的全體薪酬政策及架構，及就設立正規而具透明度的程序制訂薪酬政策，向董事會提出建議；因應董事會所訂企業方針及目標而檢討及批准管理層的薪酬建議；每年參考類似業務或規模的公司進行酬金檢討，並於適當時建議作出酬金調整；檢討及批准於年報內按薪酬等級披露應付高級管理人員的任何酬金詳情；及委員會按需要定期評核董事會的表現。

45遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告董事委員會（續）薪酬委員會（續）根據企業管治守則之守則條文第E.1.5條，高級管理層成員於截至2023年12月31日止年度之薪酬範圍載列如下：BOARDCOMMITTEES (continued)Remuneration Committee (continued)Pursuant to code prov is ion E.1.5 of the CG code, the remuneration of the members of the senior management by band for the year ended 31 December 2023 is set out below:Number of individualsIn the band of所屬範圍人數Nil to HK$1,000,000零至1,000,000港元4HK$1,000,001 to HK$2,000,0001,000,001港元至2,000,000港元2The Remuneration Committee held three meetings during the year ended 31 December 2023.Audit CommitteeAs at the date of this report, the Audit Committee comprises four members, namely Mr. Woo Kar Tung, Raymond (Chairman), Mr. Wang Yuhang, Ms. Yang Qianwen and Mr. Ha Gang, all of which are independent non-executive Directors.The primary duties of the Audit Committee are to review and supervise the financial reporting process and risk management and internal contro l system and to prov ide advice and comments to the Board.Dur ing the year ended 31 December 2023, the Aud i t Committee: m a d e r e c o m m e n d a t i o n s t o t h e B o a r d o n t h e appointment, re-appointment and removal of the external auditor, and approved the remuneration and terms of engagement of the external auditor; rev i ewed and mon i to red the ex te r na l aud i to r ’s independence and objectivity and the effectiveness of the audit process in accordance with applicable standards;薪酬委員會於截至2023年12月31日止年度舉行了3次會議。

審核委員會截至本報告日期，審核委員會由4名成員組成，分別為胡家棟先生（主席）、王宇航先生、楊倩雯女士及哈剛先生，全部均為獨立非執行董事。

審核委員會的主要職務為檢討及監察財務申報程序及風險管理內部監控制度，以及向董事會提供建議及意見。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，審核委員會：就外聘核數師的委任、重新委任及罷免向董事會提供建議、批准外聘核數師的薪酬及聘用條款；按適用的標準檢討及監察外聘核數師是否獨立客觀及核數程序是否有效；46 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告董事委員會（續）審核委員會（續）檢討公司截至2022年12月31日止年度之年度業績，截至2023年6月30日止6個月中期業績及有關財務監控、內部監控及風險管理制度的重大事項；審閱及通過2023年度中期審計計劃及定期收到關於內部審計活動狀況的最新資料；審閱於本年度由本集團訂立或存續之關連交易；與管理層討論風險管理及內部監控系統，確保管理層已履行職責建立有效的內部監控系統，討論內容應包括公司在會計及財務匯報職能方面的資源、員工資歷及經驗是否足夠，以及員工所接受的培訓課程及有關預算是否充足；及制定及檢討本公司政策及企業管治常規，並向董事會提出建議。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，審核委員會曾舉行2次會議。

審核委員會亦在執行董事缺席之情況下與本公司外部核數師進行2次會面。

BOARDCOMMITTEES (continued)Audit Committee (continued) reviewed the annual results in respect of the year ended 31 December 2022 and the interim results for the six months ended 30 June 2023 as well as signif icant issues on financial control, internal control and risk management systems; reviewed and approved the internal audit work plan for 2023, and received periodic updates on the status of internal audit activities; reviewed connected transactions entered into by the Group or subsisting during the year; discussed the risk management and internal control system with management to ensure that management has performed its duty to have an effective internal control system. This discussion included the adequacy of resources, staff qualifications and experience, training programmes and budget of the Company’s accounting and financial reporting functions; and deve loped and rev iewed the Company’s po l ic ies and practices on corporate governance and made recommendations to the Board.The Audit Committee held two meetings during the year ended 31 December 2023.The Audit Committee also met with the external auditors of the Company twice without the presence of the executive Directors.47遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告MANAGEMENTOFINSIDEINFORMATIONThe Group has also adopted an information disclosure policy which has set out guidel ines in respect of handl ing and dissemination of inside information. The Board is entrusted with the responsibility for monitoring and implementing the procedural requirements in the information disclosure policy. Release of inside information shall be approved by the Board. Unless duly authorized, all staff members of the Company shall not disseminate inside information relating to the Group to any external parties and shall not respond to media report or market speculation which may materially affect the trading price or volume of the shares of the Company.CORPORATEGOVERNANCEFUNCTIONSDuring the period under review, the Board is responsible for determining the policy for the corporate governance of the Company performing the corporate governance duties as below: to develop and review the Group’s policies and practices on corporate governance and make recommendations; to review and monitor the training and continuous professional development of the directors and senior management; to review and monitor the Group’s policies and practices on compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements (where applicable); to develop, review and monitor the code of conduct and compliance manual (if any) applicable to employees and directors of the Group; and to review the Group’s compliance with the CGCode and disclosure requirements in the Corporate Governance Report.內幕消息管理本集團亦已採納資訊披露政策，當中載列有關處理及發佈內幕消息的指引。

董事會受託負責監控及實施資訊披露政策中的程序規定。

內幕資料須由董事會批准。

除非獲正式授權，否則本公司所有員工不得向任何外部人士傳播有關本集團的內幕消息，亦不得回應可能對本公司股份成交價或成交量造成重大影響的媒體報道或市場揣測。

企業管治職能於回顧期內，董事會負責釐定本公司的企業管治政策，以履行企業管治職務如下：制定及檢討本集團的企業管治政策及常規，並作出建議；檢討及監察董事及高級管理層的培訓及持續專業發展；檢討及監察本集團遵守所有法律及規管規定（如適用）的政策及常規；制定、檢討及監察本集團僱員及董事適用的行為守則及合規指引（如有）；及檢討本集團遵守企業管治守則及企業管治報告所載披露規定的情況。

48 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告ACCOUNTABILITYANDAUDITDIRECTORS’ RESPONSIBILITIESFORFINANCIAL REPORTINGINRESPECTOFFINANCIALSTATEMENTSThe Directors acknowledge their responsibility for preparing the financial statements of the Company for the year ended 31 December 2023.The Board is responsible for presenting a balanced, clear and understandable assessment of annual and interim reports, announcements of inside information and other disclosures required under the Listing Rules and other statutory and regulatory requirements.The management of the Company has prov ided to the Board such explanation and information as are necessary to enable the Board to carry out an informed assessment of the Company’s financial statements, which are put to the Board for approval.RISKMANAGEMENTANDINTERNALCONTROLSDuring the year under review, the Board, through the Audit Committee, conducted a rev iew of the effect iveness of the internal control system of the Company including the adequacy of resources, qualifications and experience of staff of the Company’s accounting and financial reporting function, and their training programmes and budget. An internal audit department has been established to perform regular financial, operational and compliance reviews and conduct audit of the Company and its subsidiaries. The work carried out by the internal audit department ensures the internal controls are in place and functioning properly as intended.Risk management frameworkThe Board is responsible for maintaining an adequate risk management and interna l contro l system to safeguard shareholder investments and Company assets and with the support of the Audit Committee, and reviewing the effectiveness of such system on an annual basis.責任性及審核董事就財務報表的財務報告職責董事確認彼等知悉編製本公司截至2023年12月31日止年度財務報表的責任。

董事會負責根據上市規則及其他法定及監管規定，對年報及中期報告、內幕消息公告及其他披露事宜提供內容持平、清晰及易明的評估。

本公司管理層已向董事會提供必要的解釋及數據，以使董事會對獲提呈待審批的本公司財務報表作出知情評估。

風險管理及內部監控於回顧年度，董事會透過審核委員會已檢討本公司內部監控制度的有效性，其中包括資源充足性、本公司會計及財務報告人員的資格及經驗以及其培訓計劃及預算。

已設立內部審核部門執行定期財務、營運及合規檢討，及為本公司及其附屬公司進行審核。

內部審核部門的工作確保內部監控系統按計劃運作及妥善執行。

風險管理框架董事會負責維持適當的風險管理及內部監控制度，以保障股東投資及本公司資產，並審核委員會每年對其有效性進行檢討。

49遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告風險管理及內部監控（續） 風險管理框架（續）本集團的內部監控制度乃設計為協助有效及高效的運作，從而確保財務報告的可靠性及遵守適用法律及法規、識別及管理潛在風險，以及保障本集團資產。

內部核數師及高級管理層須定期檢討及評估監控程序，並監察任何風險因素，以及就任何調查結果、應付各種變量及已識別風險的措施向審核委員會報告。

本公司的風險管理和內部控制制度旨在管理而非消除未能實現經營目標的風險，只能對重大錯報損失提供合理而非絕對的保證。

重大風險及監控措施業務風險本集團大部份客戶為物業發展商或公共基建及商業大廈的主要承包商，本集團的業務及前景很大程度上依賴建築及房地產行業的表現，其表現屬週期性，且很受經濟狀況的波動影響。

建築項目所涉及的時間及成本可能受多項不利因素影響，這些因素包括材料、設備及勞動力短缺、不利的天氣狀況、自然災害、與總包商及分包商的勞資糾紛、意外事故、政府工作重點的變動及其他不可預見的問題或情況。

發生任何前述因素，均可能導致項目竣工延後，繼而或導致成本超支以及服務接受方的潛在糾紛及索償，且於原本預期年度內確認的來自設計、採購、生產、銷售及安裝幕牆系統的合同利潤亦可能因此而無法予以確認。

RISKMANAGEMENTANDINTERNALCONTROLS (continued)Risk management framework (continued)The internal control system of the Group is designed to facilitate effective and efficient operations, to ensure reliability of financial reporting and compliance with applicable laws and regulations, to identify and manage potential risks and to safeguard assets of the Group. The internal auditor and senior management review and evaluate the control process, monitors any risk factors on a regular basis, and reports to the Audit Committee on any findings and measures to address the variances and identified risks.The risk management and internal control systems of the Company are designed to manage rather than eliminate the risk of failure to achieve business objectives, and can only provide reasonable and not absolute assurance against material misstatement or loss.Significant risks and control measuresBusiness riskAs most of the Group’s customers are property developers or main contractors of public infrastructure and commercial buildings, the business and prospects of the Group heavily depend on the performance of the construction and real estate industries, which are cyclical and could be significantly affected by fluctuations in economic conditions.The time and costs involved in completing construction can be adversely affected by many factors, including shortage of materials, equipment and labour, adverse weather conditions, natural d isasters, labour disputes with contractors and subcontractors, accidents, changes in government priorities, and other unforeseen problems or c i rcumstances. The occurrence of any of these factors could give rise to delays in the completion of a project, which may result in cost overruns and potential disputes and claims from service recipients. This may also result in the profit derived from the design, procurement, production, sale and instal lat ion of curtain wall system not being recognised in the year in which it was originally anticipated to be recognised.50 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告RISKMANAGEMENTANDINTERNALCONTROLS (continued)Significant risks and control measures (continued)Business risk (continued)In order to better respond to the opportunities and challenges from the changes in economy environment and policies, the Company carries out in-depth study on the macro-economy and policies all over the world to implement its strategies to develop and strengthen penetration of different regional markets thereby reducing its dependence on specific markets.Industrial riskThe industry will remain polarized and extremely competitive; leading towards the Matthew Effect of “the strong becomes stronger” as the sector centralises and segregates. As the market becomes more concentrated, market share will quickly gravitate towards leading companies.The Company has effectively coped with the impact of the industrial risk, reduced variable costs and integrated fixed assets. Meanwhile, the Company adhered to technological innovation and obtained 14 uti l i ty models in 2023 which empowered high-quality development of the Group in the future.風險管理及內部監控（續） 重大風險及監控措施（續）業務風險（續）為了更好應對經濟環境變化和政策變化帶來的機遇與挑戰，本公司深入研究全球各地宏觀經濟走勢和政策動態，實施策略，以發展和加強不同的地區市場的滲透，從而減少對特定市場的依賴。

產業風險行業的分化格局仍將延續，行業洗牌加劇，馬太效應之「強者愈強、弱者愈弱」的現象突顯，行業集中度將大大提升，市場份額加速向龍頭企業集中。

公司仍積極應對產業風險帶來的影響，壓縮可變成本、整合固定資產，同時緊抓創新科研，於2023年取得了14項實用新型專利，為可持續發展儲備內在優勢。

51遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告RISKMANAGEMENTANDINTERNALCONTROLS (continued)Significant risks and control measures (continued)Operational riskOperational risk is the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. Responsibility for managing operational risks basically rests with every function at divisional and departmental levels. Delay in supply of construction materials, unskilled construction workers, safety accidents, natural disasters, adverse weather and other factors may br ing r isks such as construct ion progress, project cost, construction quality and customers satisfaction, and thus affecting the results of operation and reputation of the Company.T h e C o m p a n y h a s e s t a b l i s h e d v a r i o u s s y s t e m s f o r management of quality, progress, safety, material and cost of project development to strengthen the overall management of construction schedule, quality and safety, reduced construction risks and emphasize safe development.Compliance riskThe Company’s operat ion is subject to a wide range of policies and regulations, including the company ordinance of the region where it locates, financial and taxation regulations and regulations in relation to construction and listing rules of Hong Kong and mainland China etc., and the requirements and changes of laws, regulations and policies may also affect the Company. Due to the complexity of the construction projects, the capability for claiming indemnity may directly affect the prof i tabi l i ty of a project. I f the project team’s experience in claims and counter claims is inadequate to meet the requirements of the undertaken project, especially for the overseas projects, if the Company fails to properly deal with claims and counter claims in some construction projects where the conditions are complex and the demand is high, especially for the overseas projects, these will cause a negative impact on the effectiveness and profitability of such projects.風險管理及內部監控（續） 重大風險及監控措施（續）營運風險營運風險指因內部程序、人員或制度不足或缺失，或因外部事件導致之損失風險。

管理營運風險之責任基本上由各個功能之分部及部門肩負。

建築材料供應不及時、施工人員勞動熟練度不足、安全意外事故、自然災害、惡劣氣候等因素，均可能帶來工程進度、項目成本、建築質量和客戶滿意度等風險，對公司經營業績和品牌聲譽造成影響。

本公司建立了項目開發過程中的質量、進度、安全、材料、成本管理等體系，加強對施工進度、質量、安全的全面管理，減少施工風險，強調安全發展。

合規風險本公司的業務受到廣泛的法規及政策監管，其中包括所處地區的公司條例、財務及稅務法規及建築法規，以及中國大陸及香港的上市規則等，其要求或變動對公司亦會產生影響。

由於本集團所承建工程項目的複雜性，索賠能力的強弱往往直接影響項目的效益，本集團項目團隊的索賠和反索賠經驗如果不能滿足現行項目執行的需要，在部分施工條件複雜、要求較高的工程項目，尤其是海外項目，一旦對索賠和反索賠應對不利將可能導致項目效益受損。

52 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告RISKMANAGEMENTANDINTERNALCONTROLS (continued)Significant risks and control measures (continued)Compliance risk (continued)The Company has designated special personnel to study new regulations and policies and make relevant arrangements, and reflected the requirements of relevant laws and regulations in its business activities and operation management in a timely manner. The Company also consults external experts for handling compliance matters in order to comply with various relevant regulations, policies and guidelines.Credit riskThe Group is serving a large customer base with different credit status, and its business development will inevitably be affected by the varied credit profiles of these customers. Due to the impact of the macroeconomic policy environment and the COVID-19 epidemic, certain customers may suffer tight cash flow leading to delays in payment or the increase of the expected credit loss allowances recognised for financial and contract assets. The Group seeks to reduce the aforesaid impact by identifying and managing credit risks through internal credit management measures, such as credit search, credit rating, credit limit management, overall credit risk assessment and stringent credit control against customers with faulty payment records, as well as by transferring credit risks through the purchase of credit insurance. The credit risk management of the Group are set out in note 29(a) to the consolidated financial statements.Financial riskThe financial risk management of the Group are set out in note 29 to the consolidated financial statements.The Audit Committee reviewed the findings of investigations on material internal control and the management’s feedback thereof.風險管理及內部監控（續） 重大風險及監控措施（續）合規風險（續）本公司設立了專門人員對法規和政策的變化進行研究，並將相關要求及時落實到業務活動和運營管理中。

公司還結合諮詢外部專家，確保管理運營遵守各項相關法規、政策及指引。

客戶信用風險由於本集團客戶群體龐大，各類客戶的資信存在一定差異，不同的資信狀況對本集團的業務發展帶來一定的影響。

受宏觀經濟政策環境及疫情影響，部分客戶可能現金流吃緊導致付款延後或金融及合同資產預期的信用損失的虧損的增加。

本集團主要通過客戶資信調查、客戶資信評級與授信、客戶信用額度管理及風險總量控制、對付款記錄不良客戶實施信用管控等內部信用管理措施識別和管理信用風險，及通過購買信用保險轉移信用風險，以減少上述影響。

本集團之信貸風險管理載列於合併財務報表附註29(a)內。

財務風險本集團之財務風險管理載列於合併財務報表附註29內。

審核委員會審閱了重大內控調查結果及管理層的回應進行檢討。

53遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告RISKMANAGEMENTANDINTERNALCONTROLS (continued)Significant risks and control measures (continued)Financial risk (continued)Based on the assessments made by the management and taking into account the audit works of the independent auditor, the Board and the Audit Committee considered that no significant areas of concern in respect of the Group’s risk management and internal control systems were identified during the year of 2023.Based on the rev iew o f the e f f ec t i veness o f the r i sk management and internal control systems performed during the year, the Board considers such systems effective and adequate.Material risks relating to ESGPlease see the section headed “Impact of climate change” in the ESG report dated 29 April 2024.COMPANYSECRETARYMr. Yu Leung Fai, Philip of Yu & Co. CPALimited, the external company secretary service provider of the Company, has been engaged by the Company as its company secretary since 30 June 2012. The primary corporate contact person at the Company is Wang Xiao, the secretary of the Finance and Securities Department of the Company.The company secretary’s biography is set out in the section headed “Directors and Senior Management” of this report. During the year ended 31 December 2023, the company secretary undertook 15 hours of professional training to update his skills and knowledge.風險管理及內部監控（續） 重大風險及監控措施（續）財務風險（續）根據管理層之評估，以及經考慮獨立核數師的審計工作結果，董事會及審核委員會認為於2023年內，並無與風險管理及內部監控有關的重大事宜需予關注。

根據年內對風險管理及內部監控系統表現有效性的檢討，董事會認為該等系統有效及正確。

環境、社會及管治有關的重大風險請參閱2024年4月29日的環境、社會及管治報告中的「氣候變化影響」。

公司秘書馮兆林余鍚光會計師事務所有限公司（向本公司提供外部公司秘書服務之公司）之余亮暉先生已自2012年6月30日起受本公司聘任為其公司秘書。

本公司主要公司聯絡人為本公司金融及證券部秘書王晓。

公司秘書履歷載於本報告「董事及高級管理人員」一節。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，公司秘書接受了15小時的專業培訓藉此提升其技能及知識。

54 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告EXTERNALAUDITORSANDAUDITORS’ REMUNERATIONThe statement of the external auditors of the Company about their reporting responsibilities for the financial statements of the Company is set out in the “Independent Auditor’s Report” on pages 74 to 84.The audit fee incurred during the year ended 31 December 2023 was approximately RMB8.8 mi l l ion. The fees paid or payable to KPMG for the audit of the annual f inancial statements of the Group were approximately RMB6.5 million (excluding the expenses on the non-audit service provided).The external auditors of the Company provided non-audit services in relation to transfer pricing tax advisory services for the year ended 31 December 2023 and the non-audit service fees were approximately RMB0.9 million. The Audit Committee has undertaken a review of all non-auditing services provided by the auditors and confirms that they would not, in the Audit Committee’s opinion, affect the independence of the auditors.SHAREHOLDERS’ RIGHTSProcedures for shareholders of the Company to convene an extraordinary general meeting (including making proposals/moving a resolution at the extraordinary general meeting): Any one or more shareholders of the Company holding at the date of deposit of the requisition not less than one-tenth of the paid up capita l of the Company carrying the right of voting at general meetings of the Company, on a one vote per share basis, (the “Eligible Shareholder(s)”) shall at all times have the right, by written requisition to the Board or the company secretary of the Company (the “Company Secretary”), to require an extraordinary general meeting to be called by the Board for the transaction of any business or resolution specified in such requisition, including making proposals or moving a resolution at an extraordinary general meeting.外聘核數師及核數師薪酬本公司外聘核數師就其對本公司的財務報表的申報職責的聲明載列於第74頁至第84頁的「獨立核數師報告」。

截至2023年12月31日止年度產生的審計費用約為人民幣8.8百萬元。

已支付或應付畢馬威會計師事務所的集團年度財務報表審計費用約為人民幣6.5萬元（不包括提供非審計服務的費用）。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，本公司外聘審計師就轉讓定價稅務諮詢服務提供非審計服務，服務費約為人民幣90萬元。

審計委員會已對審計師提供的所有非審計服務進行了審查，並確認審計委員會認為這些服務不會影響審計師的獨立性。

股東權利本公司股東召開股東特別大會（包括股東特別大會上提出提案╱決議案）的程序：於遞交請求日期持有不少於本公司繳足股本（附有於本公司股東大會上投票的權利）十分之一（每股一票）的任何一名或多名本公司股東（「適格股東」）向本公司董事會或公司秘書（「公司秘書」）遞交書面申請，要求董事會為該書面申請中所述的任何業務交易或決議召開股東特別大會（包括股東特別大會上提出提案╱決議案）。

55遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告SHAREHOLDERS’ RIGHTS (continued) E l i g i b l e Sha reho lde rs who w i sh to convene an extraordinary general meeting for the purpose of making proposals or moving a resolution at an extraordinary general meeting must deposit a written requisition (the “Requisition”) signed by the Eligible Shareholder(s) concerned to the principal place of business of the Company in Hong Kong at Off ice 11,9/F, Fortune Commercial Building,362 Sha Tsui Road, Tsuen Wan, New Territories Hong Kong, for the attention of the Company Secretary. The Requisit ion must state clearly the name of the E l ig ib le Shareho lder (s ) concerned, h is /her / the i r shareholding in the Company, the reason(s) to convene an extraordinary general meeting, the agenda proposed to be included the details of the business(es) proposed to be transacted in the extraordinary general meeting, signed by the Eligible Shareholder(s) concerned. If within 21 days of the deposit of the Requisit ion, the Board has not advised the Eligible Shareholders of any outcome to the contrary and fails to proceed to convene an extraordinary general meet ing, the Eligible Shareholder(s) himself/herself/themselves may convene a physical meeting at only one location which will be the principal meeting place in accordance with the memorandum and articles of associations of the Company, and all reasonable expenses incurred by the Eligible Shareholder(s) concerned as a result of the failure of the Board shall be reimbursed to the Eligible Shareholder(s) concerned by the Company.DisclaimerThe contents of this sub-section headed “Shareholders’ Rights” are for reference and disclosure compliance purposes only. The information does not represent and should not be regarded as legal or other professional advice from the Company to the shareholders. Shareholders should seek their own independent legal or other professional advice as to their rights as shareholders of the Company. The Company disclaims all liabilities for losses incurred by its shareholders in reliance on any contents of this sub-section headed “Shareholders’ Rights”.股東權利（續）希望召開股東特別大會以於股東特別大會上提出提案或決議案的適格股東必須將經相關適格股東簽署的書面申請（「申請書」）交存本公司在香港的主要營業地點，地址為香港新界荃灣沙咀道362號全發商業大廈9樓11室（致公司秘書）。

申請書必須載明相關適格股東的姓名、彼等持有的本公司股份、召開股東特別大會的理由、擬議的議程、在股東特別大會上擬議的交易的詳情，並由相關適格股東簽署。

倘董事會未能在申請書遞交後21天內向股東報告任何進展或未能召開股東特別大會，適格股東有權根據本公司組織章程大綱及細則的相關規定自行僅於一個地點（將為主要會議地點）召開實體會議；對於適格股東因董事會未能召開大會而產生的所有合理費用，本公司應當向相關適格股東進行補償。

免責聲明本「股東權利」分節所載內容僅供參考及遵守披露規定。

有關資料並不代表亦不應視作本公司給予股東的法律或其他專業意見。

股東應就彼等作為本公司股東的權利，自行尋求獨立法律或其他專業意見。

本公司不會就股東因依賴本「股東權利」分節所載內容而產生的損失承擔任何責任。

56 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告股東權利（續）向董事會作出查詢股東可藉郵寄至本公司於香港的主要營業地點或通過以下方式向董事會發送其查詢及關注：電話號碼：(86) 2425273288郵遞：中國瀋陽市瀋陽經濟技術開發區13號街20號郵編110027致：投資者關係部電郵：investors@yuandacn.com與股東的溝通及投資者關係本公司已採納股東溝通政策，目標乃確保股東及有意投資者可方便、平等和及時地獲得本公司無任何偏見及可理解的資料。

本公司已設立以下多個途徑與股東溝通：(i).企業通訊如年報、中期報告及通函均以電子方式發送，於聯交所網站及本公司網站可供瀏覽；(ii).定期透過聯交所作出公佈，並將公佈分別刊載於聯交所及本公司的網站；(iii).於本公司網站提供企業資料；SHAREHOLDERS’ RIGHTS (continued)Making enquires to the BoardShareholders may send their enquiries and concerns to the Board by addressing them to the principal place of business of the Company in Hong Kong by post through the following means:Telephone number: (86) 2425273288By post: 20, Street 13 Shenyang Economic & Techno log ica l Deve lopment Area , Shenyang,110027, ChinaAttention: Investor Relations DepartmentBy email: investors@yuandacn.comCOMMUNICATIONWITHSHAREHOLDERSAND INVESTORRELATIONSThe Company has adopted shareholders communication policy with the objective of ensuring that the shareholders and potential investors are provided with ready, equal and timely access to balanced and understandable information about the Company.The Company has established several channels to communicate with the shareholders as follows:(i). Corporate communications such as annual reports, inter im reports and circulars are al l sent by emai l and are available on the Stock Exchange’s website at and the Company’s website at ;(ii). Periodic announcements are made through the Stock Exchange and published on the respective websites of the Stock Exchange and the Company;(iii). Corpora te in fo rmat ion i s made ava i lab le on the Company’s website;57遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Corporate Governance Report企業管治報告COMMUNICATIONWITHSHAREHOLDERSAND INVESTORRELATIONS (continued)(iv). Annual and extraordinary general meetings provide a forum for the shareholders to make comments and exchange views with the Directors and senior management; and(v). The Hong Kong branch share registrar of the Company serves the shareholders in respect of share registration, dividend payment and related matters.The Board considers that its existing communication channels with its shareholders and investors are effective in facilitating ongoing communication and dialogue between shareholders and the Company.The Company continues to promote investor relations and enhance communication with the existing shareholders and potential investors. The Company welcomes suggestions from investors, stakeholders and the public. Enquiries to the Board or the Company may be sent by post to the Company’s principal place of business in Hong Kong.The annual general meeting regarding the financial results for the year ended 31 December 2023 will be held on 4 June 2024. The notice of 2023 AGM will be sent to shareholders of the Company at least 21 clear days before the 2023 AGM.The amended and restated art icles of association of the Company was approved and adopted on 6 June 2023, the details of which are set out in the circular of the Company dated 28 April 2023. Save as disclosed above, there were no changes in the constitutional documents of the Company during the year ended 31 December 2023. DIVIDENDPOLICYAny declaration of dividends will depend upon a number of factors including earnings and financial conditions, operation requirements, capital requirements and any other conditions that any other Directors may deem or are relevant and will be subject to the approval of our shareholders of the Company. There can be no assurance that dividends of any amount will be declared or distributed in any given year.與股東的溝通及投資者關係（續） (iv).股東週年大會及股東特別大會為股東提供平台，向董事及高級管理層反映意見及交流觀點；及(v).本公司的香港股份過戶登記分處可為股東提供股份過戶登記、股息派付及相關事宜的服務。

董事會認為，其與股東及投資者的現有溝通渠道可有效促進股東與本公司之間的持續溝通及對話。

本公司繼續促進與投資者的關係，並加強與現有股東及有意投資者的溝通。

本公司歡迎投資者、持份者及公眾人士提供意見。

向董事會或本公司作出的查詢可郵寄至本公司於香港的主要營業地點。

本公司將就截至2023年12月31日止年度的財務業績於2024年6月4日舉行2023年股東週年大會。

2023年股東週年大會通告將於2023年股東週年大會日期前至少21個完整日寄往予本公司股東。

本公司經修訂及重列組織章程細則已於2023年6月6日獲批准及採納，有關詳情載於本公司日期為2023年4月28日的通函。

除上文所披露者外，截至2023年12月31日止年度，本公司的章程文件並無變動。

股息政策任何股息之派付及金額將視多項因素而定，包括收益和財務狀況、運營需求、資金需求以及董事會視為相應之任何其他因素並且需要公司股東的同意。

無任何保證在指定的任何年份派付任何金額的股息。

58 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告The Directors of the Company are pleased to present their report and the audited financial statements for the year ended 31 December 2023 of the Group.BUSINESSREVIEWANDPERFORMANCEA review of the business of the Group and a discussion and analysis of the Group’s performance during the year under review and a discussion on the Group’s future business development and outlook of the Company’s business, possible risks and uncertainties that the Group may be facing and important events affecting the Company occurred during the year ended 31 December 2023 are provided in the section headed “Management Discussion and Analysis” on pages 9 to 21 of this annual report. An account of the Company’s relat ionships with its key stakeholders is included in the paragraph headed “Relationships with Employees, Suppliers and Customers” of the Report of the Board of Directors on of this annual report.An analysis of the Group’s performance during the year ended 31 December 2023 using financial performance indicators is provided in the section headed “Management Discussion and Analysis” on pages 9 to 21 of this annual report and the Group’s “Five Year Financial Summary” on of this annual report.In addition, more details regarding the Group’s performance by reference to environmental and social-related key performance indicators and policies, as well as compliance with relevant laws and regulations which have a significant impact on the Company are provided in the ESG report dated 29 April 2024.本公司董事欣然提呈彼等的報告以及本集團截至2023年12月31日止年度的經審核財務報表。

業務回顧及表現截止2023年12月31日止本集團的業務回顧、本集團回顧年度內表現的討論及分析、本集團未來業務發展的討論、本公司業務前景、本集團或會遇到的潛在風險及不明朗因素，以及影響本公司的重要事項列載於第9頁至第21頁的本年度報告的「管理層討論及分析」一段內。

本公司與利益相關者的關係載列於董事會報告內第62頁「與僱員、供應商及客戶之間的關係」一段內。

本集團截至2023年12月31日止年度財務業績指標所作出的業績分析載列於本年度報告第9頁至第21頁的「管理層討論及分析」一段內及第232頁本集團的「五年財務摘要」一段內。

此外，有關本集團參考對本公司產生重要影響的環境及社會相關主要表現指標及政策，以及遵守相關法律及法規的表現，更多詳情載列於2024年4月29日登載的環境、社會及管治報告。

59遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTIONEnvironmental conservat ion remains a key focus for the Group. The conscientious use of resources and adoption of best practices across the Group’s businesses underlie its commitment to safeguarding the environment. The Group encourages environmental protect ion and complies with environmental legislation and promotes awareness towards environmental protection to the employees.The PRC government has imposed strict requirements of the laws of production safety and environmental protection for enterprises. Since the PRC government is adopting laws on strengthening environmental protection from time to time and implementing stricter environmental protection standards, it is expected that the Group will have to comply with more regulations in the future. In addition, the Group predicts this trend will continue and additional expenses may be incurred for complying with new regulations, thus increasing the Group’s operating costs.To cope with the risk, not only are we certi f ied with ISO 14001 Environmental Management System, but we have also set up an Environmental Division to monitor and manage the environmental performance of our plants and maintain communication with the Ministry of Environmental Protection. In addition, the Group has been optimising its management system for safety and environmental protection, regularly keeping abreast of the relevant laws and regulat ions of environmental protection in order to ensure full compliance with local laws of environmental protection. Further details are set forth in the ESG report dated 29 April 2024.MAJORBUSINESSThe Company is principally engaged in the provision of one stop integrated curtain wall solutions for its customers to meet the technical specifications and performance requirements of their projects. The analysis of the revenue of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2023 is set out in Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements.環境保護環境保護仍是本集團關注的重點。

貫穿於本集團的業務之中，資源的審慎利用和最佳行為標準的採用成為保護環境的保證。

本集團鼓勵環境保護並遵守環境立法，提升員工對環境保護意識。

國家關於生產安全及環境保護的法規對企業提出了嚴格的要求，由於中國政府不斷增加對環保措施的法律，以及更為嚴謹的環保標準，故本集團預期日後將須遵守更多規定。

此外，本集團預期這種趨勢將持續，而為遵守新的法規將可能需要額外開支，從而增加本集團的營運成本。

為應對此風險，本集團不僅取得ISO14001環境管理體系認證，還成立環保科監督及管理工廠的環境表現，並與政府環境保護部門保持聯繫。

此外，本集團不斷完善安全環保管理制度，定期查閱相關的環境法規和條例，確保業務完全符合當地環境法律。

進一步的細節載列於2024年4月29日的環境、社會和管治報告中。

主要業務本公司的主要業務為向客戶提供一站式綜合幕牆解決方案，以滿足彼等的項目技術規格及性能要求。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，本集團的收入分析載於合併財務報表附註4。

60 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告FINANCIALSTATEMENTSThe loss of the Group for the year ended 31 December 2023 and financial condition of the Company and the Group as at that date are set out in the consolidated financial statements on pages 85 to 88.SHARECAPITALThe changes in the share capital of Company during the year ended 31 December 2023 are set out in Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements.FINALDIVIDENDSThe Board has resolved not to declare any annual dividend for the year ended 31 December 2023.There is no arrangement that a shareholder of the Company has waived or agreed to waive any dividend.BOOKCLOSUREPERIODANDRECORDDATEFor the purpose in determining who will be eligible to attend and vote at the 2023 AGM, the register of members of the Company will be closed from Thursday,30 May 2024 to Tuesday,4 June 2024 (both days inclusive), during which time no transfer of shares will be registered. To ensure that the shareholders of the Company are entitled to attend and vote at the 2023 AGM, the shareholders must deliver their duly stamped instruments of transfer, accompanied by the relevant share certificates, to the Group’s share registrar in Hong Kong, Link Market Services (Hong Kong) Pty Limited, at Suite 1601,16/F., Central Tower 28 Queen’s Road Central, Hong Kong by no later than 4:30 p.m. on Wednesday,29 May 2023 for registration of the relevant transfer.RESERVEDetails of movements in reserve of the Group during the year ended 31 December 2023 are set out in the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity of the Financial Statements. Details of movements in the reserves of the Company during the year are set out in Note 27 to the consolidated financial statements.財務報表本集團截至2023年12月31日止年度的損失以及本公司及本集團截至該日止的財務狀況載列於第85頁至第88頁的合併財務報表。

股本截至2023年12月31日止年度，本公司股本變動載於合併財務報表附註27。

末期股息董事會決定不派付截至2023年12月31日止年度的年度股息。

概無任何安排股東放棄或同意放棄任何股息。

暫停辦理股東登記期間及紀錄日期為確定參加2023年股東週年大會及於2023年股東週年大會投票資格，本公司的股份登記將於2024年5月30日（星期四）至2024年6月4日（星期二）（包括首尾兩天）暫停辦理本公司股份過戶登記手續。

為確保本公司股東有權出席2023年股東週年大會並於會上投票，股東須於2023年5月29日（星期三）下午4時30分前，將彼等妥為蓋印的過戶檔連同有關股票送交本集團的Link Market Services (Hong Kong) Pty Limited，地址為香港中環皇后大道中28號中滙大廈16樓1601室，辦理有關過戶登記手續。

儲備本集團於截至2023年12月31日止年度的儲備變動詳情載於財務報表的合併權益變動表內。

年內，本公司的儲備變動詳情載於合併財務報表附註27。

61遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告DISTRIBUTABLERESERVESUnder the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands, the share premium of the Company is avai lable for distr ibut ion of dividends to the shareholders subject to the provisions of the Company’s Articles of Associations, and with the sanction of an ordinary resolution, dividend may be declared and paid out of share premium account or any other fund or account which can be authorized for this propose. As at 31 December 2023, the distributable reserves from share premium of the Company were RMB574.0 million (31 December 2022: RMB574.0 million).PROPERTY, PLANTANDEQUIPMENTSThe changes in property, plant and equipments of the Group during the year ended 31 December 2023 are set out in Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements.MAJORCUSTOMERSANDSUPPLIERSDuring the year under review, the percentage of purchases attributable the Group’s five largest suppliers in aggregate to the Group’s total purchase and the percentage of revenue attributable to the Group’s five largest customers in aggregate to the Group’s total revenue are less than 30%, respectively.Save as disclosed herein, so far as is known to the Directors, none of the Directors or his/her close associates and none of the shareholders possessing over 5% of the interest in the share capital of the Company possessed any interest in the abovementioned suppliers and customers.可供分派儲備根據開曼群島公司法，本公司的股份溢價可用作為分派予股東的股息，惟須符合本公司的組織章程細則規定，且通過普通決議案批准後，可自股份溢價賬或任何獲准作此用途的其他資金或賬戶中宣派或派付股息。

於2023年12月31日，本公司的可自股份溢價分派儲備為人民幣574.0百萬元（於2022年12月31日：人民幣574.0百萬元）。

物業、廠房及設備截至2023年12月31日止年度，本集團的物業、廠房及設備變動載於合併財務報表附註11。

主要客戶及供應商於回顧年內，本集團五大供應商的採購總額佔本集團採購總額的百分比和歸屬於本集團五大客戶的營業額佔本集團總營業額的百分比均低於30%。

除本報告披露者外，就董事所知，概無董事或彼等的緊密連絡人士及擁有本公司股本超過5%權益的股東於上述供貨商及客戶中擁有任何權益。

62 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告RELATIONSHIPSWITHEMPLOYEES, SUPPLIERSAND CUSTOMERSThe Group understands that employees are valuable assets. The Group provides competitive remuneration package to attract and motivate the employees. The Group regularly reviews the remuneration package of employees and makes necessary adjustments to conform to the market standard.The Group’s business is built on a customer-oriented culture. The Group also understands that it is important to maintain good relationship with its suppliers and customers to fulfi l its immediate and long-term goals. To maintain its market compet i t iveness with in the industry, the Group aims at delivering constantly high standards and high quality products to its customers. During the year under review, there was no material and significant dispute between the Group and its most suppliers and/or customers.DIRECTORSThe Directors in office during the year and as of the date of this report are as follows:Executive DirectorsKang Baohua (Chairman)Zhao Zhongqiu (Chief executive officer)Ma Minghui (resigned on 6 March 2024)Wang HaoZhang LeiIndependent non-executive DirectorsPoon Chiu Kwok (resigned on 9 September 2023)Woo Kar Tung, RaymondPang Chung Fai, Benny (retired on 6 June 2023)Yang Qianwen (appointed on 18 April 2023)Wang Yuhang (appointed on 13 July 2023)Ha Gang (appointed on 17 January 2024)Biographical details of the directors and senior management are set forth in the section “Directors and Senior Management” of this report.與僱員、供應商及客戶之間的關係本集團明白，僱員是我們的寶貴資產。

本集團提供具競爭力的薪酬待遇，以吸引並激勵僱員。

本集團定期檢查僱員的薪酬待遇，並會因應市場標準而作出必要的調整。

本集團業務乃建基於以客戶為本的文化。

本集團亦明白，與供應商及客戶保持良好商業關係，對我們達成即期及長遠目標很重要。

為維持行業內的市場競爭力，本集團以持續帶給客戶高水準及高質量的產品為目標。

於回顧年度內，本集團與大部分供應商及╱或客戶之間並沒有重大而明顯的糾紛。

董事年內及截至本報告日期止的在任董事如下：執行董事康寶華（主席）趙忠秋（行政總裁）馬明輝（已於2024年3月6日辭任）王昊張雷獨立非執行董事潘昭國（已於2023年9月9日辭任）胡家棟彭中輝（已於2023年6月6日退任）楊倩雯（於2023年4月18日獲委任）王宇航（於2023年7月13日已獲委任）哈剛（於2024年1月17日已獲委任）董事及高層管理人員的履歷詳情載於本報告「董事及高層管理人員」一節中。

63遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告SERVICECONTRACTSOFDIRECTORSDetails of service contracts for the executive Directors and non-executive Directors are set out under the section headed “Appointment and Re-election of Directors” of the Corporate Governance Report. There was no service contract entered by the Company and any of the Directors to be re-elected in the coming annual general meeting stipulating that the Company may not terminate the appointment within one year without compensation payment (other than the statutory compensation).DIRECTORS’ INTERESTSINCONTRACTSOther than those t ransact ions d isc losed in Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements, there was no other transaction, arrangement or contract of significance with any member of the Group as the contracting party and in which the Directors of the Company possessed direct or indirect material interests, and which was still valid on the year end date or any time during the year and related to the business of the Group.CONTROLLINGSHAREHOLDERS’ INTERESTSIN CONTRACTSOFSIGNIFICANCEThere was no other contract of significance in relation to the Group’s business to which the Company, any of its subsidiaries or its holding company was a party and in which a controlling shareholder had a mater ia l interest, whether direct ly or indirectly, subsisted at the end of the year or at any time during the year ended 31 December 2023.董事服務合約有關各執行董事及非執行董事的服務合約詳細載於企業管治報告中「董事委任及重選」一節。

本公司概無與擬於應屆股東週年大會重選的董事訂立本公司不可於1年內終止而免付賠償（法定賠償除外）的服務合約。

董事於合約的權益除合併財務報表附註28披露的交易外，並無本集團成員公司為訂約方而本公司董事於當中擁有直接或間接重大權益，且於年結日或年內任何時間仍然生效及與本集團業務有關的其他重大交易、安排及合約。

控股股東於重大合約之權益於截至2023年12月31日止年度或於年內任何時間內，本公司、其任何其附屬公司或其控股公司並無參與訂立控股股東直接或間接於其中享有重大利益與本集團業務相關的重大合約。

64 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告FINANCIALASSISTANCEPROVIDEDBYTHE CONTROLLINGSHAREHOLDERPursuant to the facility frame agreement on 2 January 2018 between the Company and the ultimate controlling shareholder of the Company, Mr. Kang Baohua, Mr. Kang Baohua agreed to provide financial assistance to the Company in a total amount of not more than RMB700 million. Such advances had no fixed term, unsecured, and bear interests at 4.28% for the year ended 31 December 2023. As at 31 December 2023, the total outstanding amount under such advances amounted to approximately RMB126.2 million. As such financial assistance were being carried out on normal commercial terms or better and were not secured by the assets of the Group, such financial assistances constitute exempt connected transactions under Rule 14A.90 of the Listing Rules.RELATEDPARTYTRANSACTIONSDetails of the material related party transactions entered into by the Group during the year are set out in Note 28 to the consolidated financial statements; and none of these related party transactions constituted a connected transaction or continuing connected transaction as defined under the Listing Rules during the year ended 31 December 2023.控股股東提供的財務資助根據本公司與公司最終控股股東康寶華先生於2018年1月2日签订的貸款框架協議，康寶華先生同意向本公司提供總額不超過7億元人民幣的財務資助。

截至2023年12月31日止年度，該等款項無固定期限、無擔保且利息為4.28%。

截至2023年12月31，該等款項下的未償總金額約為人民幣126.2百萬元。

由於此類財務資助是按照正常商業條款或更佳的條款進行的，並且不是由本集團的資產進行擔保的，因此根據上市規則14A.90，此類財務資助構成豁免關聯交易。

關聯交易本集團於年內進行的重大關聯方交易詳情載於綜合財務報表附註28；而截至2023年12月31日止年度，該等關聯方交易並不構成上市規則所界定的關連交易或持續關連交易。

65遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告DIRECTORS’ INTERESTSINCOMPETITIVEBUSINESSOur Chairman, Mr. Kang Baohua, owns and through Best Outlook Limited (“Best Outlook”) and Neo Pioneer Limited (“Neo Pioneer”) owns in aggregate approximately 61.25% of the issued share capital in the Company as at 31 December 2023. Mr. Kang Baohua, Best Outlook and Neo Pioneer are the controlling shareholders of the Company. Mr. Kang Baohua also owns 100% interest in Yuanda Aluminium Industry Engineering (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. (“Yuanda Singapore”) through Yuanda Group, which is owned by Mr. Kang Baohua. Yuanda Singapore is primarily engaged in curtain wall works and trading as well as investment holding. Although the Company has established a wholly owned subsidiary in Singapore to carry out curtain wall contracting projects, the ability to contract for large scale public curtain wall projects in Singapore is dependent on local contracting experience. Given the lack of direct local contracting experience, the Group has been cooperating with Yuanda Singapore on the contracting of large scale public curtain wall projects in Singapore during the last five years and will continue to supply curtain wall products to Yuanda Singapore until the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary will be able to undertake such projects in Singapore on its own. Please see the section headed “Connected Transactions” in the prospectus of the Company dated 20 April 2011 (the “Prospectus”) for details. For the aforesaid purpose, Yuanda Singapore has been excluded from the deed of non-competition (“Deed of Non-competition”) provided by the controlling shareholders to the Company on 21 April 2011.董事於競爭性業務的權益我們的主席康寶華先生於2023年12月31日擁有及通過佳境有限公司（「佳境」）及新創有限公司（「新創」）擁有本公司已發行股本共約61.25%。

康寶華先生、佳境及新創為本公司的控股股東。

康寶華先生透過由其擁有的遠大集團，亦擁有Yuanda Aluminium Industry Engineering (Singapore) Pte. Ltd.（「新加坡遠大」）之100%權益。

新加坡遠大主要從事幕牆工程及貿易以及投資控股業務。

儘管本公司已於新加坡成立全資附屬公司以承接幕牆承包項目，惟在新加坡外包大型公共幕牆項目的能力仍取決於地方外包經驗，鑒於本公司缺乏直接的地方外包經驗，因此在過去5年，本集團一直與新加坡遠大就於新加坡承接的大型公共幕牆項目合作，並將繼續向新加坡遠大供應幕牆產品，直至本公司之全資附屬公司能夠自行在新加坡承接該等項目。

詳情請參閱本公司日期為2011年4月20日的招股章程（「招股章程」）「關連交易」一節。

就上述而言，新加坡遠大不包括於控股股東於2011年4月21日向本公司提供的不競爭契據（「不競爭契據」）之中。

66 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告DIRECTORS’ INTERESTSINCOMPETITIVEBUSINESS (continued)The Company has received an annual written confirmation from each of the Company’s controlling shareholders in respect of the compliance by them and their associates with the Deed of Non-competition. Each of the controlling shareholders of the Company have also confirmed that all of them have abided by the Deed of Non-competition during the year ended 31 December 2023.The independent non-executive Directors confirmed that they had determined that the controlling shareholders have not been in breach of the Deed of Non-competition during the year ended 31 December 2023.Save as disclosed, no Directors nor their respective connected persons possessed any interests in any business that competed or might compete with the business that the Group conducted.PERMITTEDINDEMNITYPROVISIONEach Director or other officer of the Company shall be entitled to be indemnified and secured harmless out of the assets and profits of the Company from and against all actions, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses which he or she may incur or sustain in or about the execution of the duties of his or her office or otherwise in relation thereto in accordance with the Company’s articles of association.董事於競爭性業務的權益（續） 本公司已收到本公司各控股股東就本身及彼等之連絡人士遵守不競爭契據而發出的年度確認函。

本公司各控股股東亦確認，彼等於截至2023年12月31日止年度間均遵守不競爭契據。

獨立非執行董事確認，彼等確定控股股東於截至2023年12月31日止年度並無違反不競爭契據。

除所披露者外，概無董事或彼等各自的關連人士於與本集團所從事業務構成競爭或可能構成競爭的任何業務中擁有任何權益。

獲准許的彌償條文根據本公司組織章程細則，本公司各位董事或其他高級人員均有權從本公司之資產及利潤獲得彌償，以補償履行其職務時因進行或未進行而招致或蒙受之所有訴訟、費用、收費、損失、損害及開支或有關其他情況，確保免於就此受損。

67遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告債券截至2023年12月31日止年度，本公司、其控股公司或其附屬公司並非屬任何安排的訂約方，致使董事可藉購入本公司或任何其他公司的股份或債券而獲利。

股權關聯協議截至2023年12月31日止年度，本公司尚未签订任何股權相關協議。

董事於股份、相關股份及債券的權益及淡倉於2023年12月31日，董事及本公司最高行政人員於本公司或其任何相聯法團（定義見證券及期貨條例（「證券及期貨條例」）第XV部）的股份、相關股份及債券中，根據證券及期貨條例第352條須記入該條所指的登記冊的權益或淡倉，或根據標準守則須知會本公司及聯交所的權益或淡倉如下：DEBENTUREFor the year ended 31 December 2023, the Company, its holding company or its subsidiaries were not the contracting parties of any arrangements from which the Directors could make a profit by purchasing the shares or debentures of the Company or any other companies.EQUITY-LINKEDAGREEMENTSThe Company has not en te red in to any equ i t y - l i nked agreements during the year ended 31 December 2023.INTERESTANDSHORTPOSITIONSOFDIRECTORS INTHESHARES, UNDERLYINGSHARESAND DEBENTURESAs at 31 December 2023, the interest or short position of the Directors or chief executives of the Company in the shares, underlying shares and debentures of the Company or its associated corporations (within the meaning of Part XV of the Securities and Futons Ordinance (the “SFO”) which were required, pursuant to section 352 of the SFO, to be entered in the register referred to therein, or which would be required to be notified to the Company and the Stock Exchange, pursuant to Model Code, are as follows:68 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告INTERESTANDSHORTPOSITIONSOFDIRECTORS INTHESHARES, UNDERLYINGSHARESAND DEBENTURES (continued)(i). Interest in the CompanyName of Director Nature of InterestNumber of SharesApproximate Percentageof Shareholding董事姓名權益性質股份數據股權概約百分比Kang Baohua Beneficial owner 228,636,000(L) 3.68%康寶華實益擁有人Interest of controlled corporation 3,646,763,768(L) 58.74%受控法團的權益Wang Hao Beneficial owner 150,000(L) 0.01%王昊實益擁有人Zhang Lei Beneficial owner 3,000,000(L) 0.05%張雷實益擁有人Notes:(1) The letter “L” denotes long position in such securities.(2) Of the shares held by Mr. Kang Baohua,2,597,531,923 Shares were he ld by Best Out look L imi ted and 1,049,231,845 Shares were held by Neo Pioneer Limited, both are wholly-owned by Mr. Kang Baohua.董事於股份、相關股份及債券的權益及淡倉（續） (i).於本公司的權益附註：(1)字母「L」代表於該等證券的好倉。

(2)於康寶華先生所持有的股份當中，佳境有限公司持有2,597,531,923股股份，而新創有限公司則持有1,049,231,845股股份，兩家公司均為康寶華先生全資擁有。

69遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告INTERESTANDSHORTPOSITIONSOFDIRECTORS INTHESHARES, UNDERLYINGSHARESAND DEBENTURES (continued)(ii) Interest in associated corporationsName of DirectorName of Associated Corporation Number of SharesPercentage ofShareholding董事姓名相關法團名稱股份數目股權百分比Kang Baohua Best Outlook Limited 1(L) 100%康寶華佳境有限公司Kang Baohua Neo Pioneer Limited 1(L) 100%康寶華新創有限公司(1) The letter “L” denotes long position in such securities.Save as disclosed above, as at 31 December 2023, none of the Directors or chief executives of the Company had any interests or short positions in the shares, underlying shares and debentures of the Company or its associated corporations which were required to be recorded in the register kept by the Company pursuant to section 352 of the SFO, or as otherwise notified to the Company and the Stock Exchange pursuant to the Model Code.董事於股份、相關股份及債券的權益及淡倉（續） (ii)於相關法團的權益(1)字母「L」代表於該等證券的好倉。

除上文所披露者外，於2023年12月31日，董事及本公司主要行政人員概無於本公司或其任何相聯法團的股份、相關股份及債券中，擁有根據證券及期貨條例第352條須記錄於本公司存置的登記冊內或根據標準守則須另行知會本公司及聯交所的任何權益或淡倉。

70 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告SUBSTANTIALSHAREHOLDERS’ INTERESTSAND SHORTPOSITIONSAs at the date 31 December 2023, the following persons (other than the Directors and chief executives of the Company) had an interest and/or short position in the shares or underlying shares of the Company which were recorded in the register required to be kept by the Company under section 336 of SFO:Interest in the companyName Capacity Number of SharesApproximate Percentageof Shareholding名稱身份股份數目股權概約百分比Best Outlook Limited(1) Beneficial owner 2,597,531,923(L) 41.84%佳境有限公司(1)實益擁有人Neo Pioneer Limited(2) Beneficial owner 1,049,231,845 (L) 16.90%新創有限公司(2)實益擁有人Notes:(1) Best Outlook Limited and Neo Pioneer Limited are companies incorporated in the BVI and are wholly-owned by Mr. Kang Baohua.(2) The letter “L” denotes long position in such securities.Save as disclosed above, as at 31 December 2023, the Directors are not aware of any persons, other than a Director or chief executives of the Company, had any interests or short positions in the shares and underlying shares of the Company as recorded in the register required to be kept by the Company pursuant to section 336 of the SFO.SUBSIDIARIESDetails of the major subsidiaries of the Company as of 31 December 2023 are set out in Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements.主要股東的權益及淡倉於2023年12月31日，按記錄於本公司根據證券及期貨條例第336條須存置的登記冊，下列人士（董事及本公司最高行政人員除外）於股份或相關股份中須予披露的權益及╱或淡倉：於本公司的權益附註：(1)佳境有限公司及新創有限公司為於英屬維京群島註冊成立的公司，並由康寶華先生全資擁有。

(2)字母「L」代表於該等證券的好倉。

除上文所披露者外，於2023年12月31日，概無任何其他人士，除董事及本公司主要行政人員外，於本公司股份或相關股份中擁有根據證券及期貨條例第336條須記錄於本公司存置的登記冊內的權益或淡倉。

附屬公司本公司於2023年12月31日的主要附屬公司詳情載於合併財務報表附註14。

71遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告MANAGEMENTCONTRACTSNo contracts concerning the management and administration of the whole or any substantial part of the business of the Company were entered into or existed during the year under review.CONFIRMATIONOFINDEPENDENTSTATUSThe Company rece i ved the l e t te rs o f con f i rmat ion o f independence issued by all the independent non-executive Directors in accordance with Rule 3.13 of the Listing Rules.The Board of Directors was satisfied with the independent status of all the independent non-executive Directors.USEOFPROCEEDSFROMINITIALPUBLICOFFERINGThe details are disclosed in the paragraph “Global offering and use of proceeds” under the section “Management Discussion and Analysis”.管理合約於回顧年內，概無訂立或存在任何有關本公司全部或任何重大部分業務管理及行政的合約。

確認獨立身份本公司已接獲全體獨立非執行董事根據上市規則第3.13條發出的獨立確認函。

董事會信納全體獨立非執行董事的獨立身份。

首次公開發售所得款項用途詳情參見「全球發售及所得款項用途」於本報告「管理層討論及分析」一節內披露。

72 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告CORPORATEGOVERNANCEPrincipal corporate governance practices adopted by the Company are set out in the Corporate Governance Report in this report.PURCHASE, SALEORREDEMPTIONOFLISTED SECURITIESOFTHEGROUPNeither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries had purchased, sold or redeemed any of the listed securities of the Company during the Reporting Period.DISCLOSUREUNDERRULES 13.20,13.21 AND 13.22 OFTHELISTINGRULESThe Directors are not aware of any circumstances resulting in the responsibility of disclosure under Rules 13.20,13.21 and 13.22 of the Listing Rules regarding the provision of advances by the Company to an entity.FIVEYEARFINANCIALSUMMARYThe summary of the results, assets and liabilities of the Group in the past five years is set out on of this report.PRE-EMPTIVERIGHTSThere is no provision regarding pre-emptive rights in the Articles of Association of the Company or the companies law of Cayman Islands, stipulating that any new shares shall be offered according to the respective shareholding of the existing shareholders of the Company when new shares are issued by the Company.TAXRELIEFThe Di rectors are not aware of any tax re l ie f to which shareholders of the Company are entitled by reason of their holdings of the Company’s securities.企業管治本公司採納之主要企業管治常規載於本報告內企業管治報告。

購買、出售或贖回本集團上市證券於報告期內，本公司或其任何附屬公司概無購買、出售或贖回本集團任何上市證券。

根據上市規則第13.20條、第13.21條及第13.22條作出披露據董事所知悉，並無任何情況導致出現須根據上市規則第13.20條、第13.21條及第13.22條有關本公司向實體提供墊款作出披露的責任。

五年財務概要本集團於過去五年的業績、資產及負債概要載於本報告第232頁。

優先購買權本公司的組織章程細則或開曼群島公司法並無任何有關優先購買權的條文，規定本公司須於發行新股份時，按本公司現有股東各自的持股比例提呈新股份。

稅收減免董事未獲悉本公司股東因持有公司證券而享有的任何稅收減免。

73遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Report of the Board of Directors董事會報告SUFFICIENTPUBLICFLOATBased on the information that is publicly available to the Group and within the knowledge of the Directors as at the date of this report, the Group maintained adequate public float throughout the year ended 31 December 2023.CHANGEOFAUDITORSKPMG resigned as the auditor of the Company with effect from 20 December 2021 as KPMG and the Company could not reach a consensus on the audit service fee regarding the annual audit for the financial year ended 31 December 2021.The Board , w i th the recommendat ion f rom the Aud i t Committee, appointed Moore Stephens CPALimited (“Moore Hong Kong”) as the auditor of the Company with effect from 20 December 2021.Moore Hong Kong has resigned with effect from 17 June 2022 for the impact of the prevention and control policies in response to the recent resurgence of COVID-19 epidemic in both Hong Kong and mainland China on the Company’s financial reporting and auditing procedures. The Company then appointed KPMG as the new auditor of the Company with effect from 30 June 2022.Save as disclosed above, there was no other change of the Company’s auditors in any of the preceding three years.By order of the BoardKang BaohuaChairman29 April 2024充足公眾持股量根據於本報告日期本集團獲得的公開數據及就董事所知，本集團於截至2023年12月31日止年度一直保持足夠公眾持股量。

核數師變更畢馬威會計師事務所辭任本公司核數師，自2021年12月20日起生效，原因為畢馬威會計師事務所與本公司未能就截至2021年12月31日止財政年度之年度審計的審計服務費達成共識。

根據審核委員會的推薦建議，委任大華馬施雲會計師事務所有限公司（「大華香港」）為本公司之核數師，自2021年12月20日生效。

大華香港因香港及大陸的新一輪新冠疫情防控政策對本公司報告以及審核程序的影響辭任，自2022年6月17日生效。

本公司委任畢馬威為本公司新任核數師，自2022年6月30日生效。

除上文所披露者外，過去三年內並無有關本公司核數師之其他變動。

承董事會命主席康寶華2024年4月29日74 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Independent Auditor’s Report獨立核數師報告Independent auditor’s report to the shareholders ofYuanda China Holdings Limited(Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability)OPINIONWe have audited the consolidated financial statements of Yuanda China Holdings Limited (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries (the “Group”) set out on pages 85 to 231, which comprise the consolidated statement of financial position as at 31 December 2023, the consolidated statement of profit or loss, the consolidated statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, the consolidated statement of changes in equity and the consolidated cash flow statement for the year then ended and notes, comprising material accounting policy information and other explanatory information.In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view of the consolidated financial position of the Group as at 31 December 2023 and of its consolidated financial performance and its consolidated cash flows for the year then ended in accordance with IFRSAccounting Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”) and have been properly prepared in compliance with the disclosure requirements of the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance.致遠大中國控股有限公司股東的獨立核數師報告（於開曼群島註冊成立的有限公司）意見吾等已審計列載於第85頁至第231頁的遠大中國有限公司（以下簡稱「貴公司」）及其附屬公司（以下統稱「貴集團」）的合併財務報表，此財務報表包括於2023年12月31日的合併財務狀況表與截至該日止年度的合併損益表、合併損益及其他全面收益表、合併權益變動表和合併現金流量表，以及合併財務報表附註，包括重要會計政策資料及其他說明資料。

吾等認為，該等合併財務報表已根據國際會計準則理事會（「國際會計準則理事會」）頒佈的《國際財務報告會計準則》真實而中肯地反映貴集團於2023年12月31日的合併財務狀況及截至該日止年度的合併財務表現及合併現金流量，並已遵照香港《公司條例》的披露要求妥為擬備。

75遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Independent Auditor’s Report獨立核數師報告BASISFOROPINIONWe conducted our audit in accordance with Hong Kong Standards on Auditing (“HKSAs”) issued by the Hong Kong Institute of Certif ied Public Accountants (“HKICPA”). Our responsibilities under those standards are further described in the Auditor’s responsibilities for the audit of the consolidated financial statements section of our report. We are independent of the Group in accordance with the HKICPA’s Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants ( the “Code”) together with any ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the consolidated financial statements in the Cayman Islands, and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the Code. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion.KEYAUDITMATTERSKey audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgement, were of most signif icance in our audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the consolidated financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters.意見的基礎吾等已根據香港會計師公會（「香港會計師公會」）頒佈的《香港審計準則》（「香港審計準則」）進行審計。

吾等在該等準則下承擔的責任已在本報告「核數師就審計合併財務報表承擔的責任」部分中作進一步闡述。

根據香港會計師公會頒佈的《專業會計師道德守則》（以下簡稱「守則」）以及與吾等對開曼群島合併財務報表的審計相關的道德要求，吾等獨立於貴集團，並已履行這些道德要求以及守則中的其他專業道德責任。

吾等相信，吾等所獲得的審計憑證能充足及適當地為吾等的審計意見提供基礎。

關鍵審計事項關鍵審計事項是根據吾等的專業判斷，認為對本期合併財務報表的審計最為重要的事項。

這些事項是在吾等審計整體合併財務報表及出具意見時進行處理的。

吾等不會對這些事項提供單獨的意見。

76 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）KEYAUDITMATTERS (continued)Recognition of construction contract revenueRefer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements and the accounting policies in Note 2(t)(i).The Key Audit MatterHow the matter was addressed in our auditThe Group is primari ly engaged in the des ign, product ion and installation of curtain wall systems for commercial buildings and high-end residential buildings. The Group normally enters into construction contracts with main contractors or real estate developers.The Group recognises construction contract revenue progressive ly o ve r t ime us i ng i npu t me t h od based on the proportion of total cont ract costs incurred at the end of reporting period compared to the estimated total budgeted contract costs to complete the contract when control of the goods or serv ice is transferred to the customer.The measurement of the revenue therefore relies on estimations of tota l budgeted contract costs. C h a n g e s t o e s t i m a t e d t o t a l budgeted contract costs could give rise to material variances in the amount of revenue recognised.Our audit procedures to assess the recognition of construction contract revenue included the following: a s s e s s i n g t h e d e s i g n , imp lementa t ion and opera t ing e f f e c t i v e n e s s o f k e y i n t e r n a l c o n t r o l s o v e r t h e b u d g e t i n g process for construction contracts; scrut in is ing the key c lauses of construction contracts on a sample basis, and assessing whether these key clauses had been appropriately reflected in the estimation of total budgeted contract costs applied in revenue recognition; challenging the Group’s estimates of total budgeted contract costs to complete the contract on a sample basis by considering the Group’s historical records of gross profit margins for similar contracts; assessing whether costs incurred w e r e a c c o u n t e d f o r i n t h e appropriate period and comparing costs incurred during the current p e r i o d t o p u rc h a s e i n v o i c e s and o the r re levan t under l y ing documentation on a sample basis;關鍵審計事項（續）建築合同收入確認參閱合併財務報表附註4及附註2(t)(i)的會計政策。

關鍵審計事項吾等的審計如何處理關鍵審計事項貴集團主要從事為商業大廈及高端住宅大廈設計、生產及安裝幕牆系統。

貴集團一般與主要承包商或房地產開發商訂立建築合同。

貴集團使用投入法通過報告期末商品及勞務控制權已轉移至客戶時的總成本佔預算總成本的比例隨著時間逐步確認建築合同收入。

因此，收入的計量依賴對總預算的估計。

估計總預算的變動或會引起收入確認的金額產生重大差異。

吾等就確認建築合同收入的審計程序包括如下：評估有關建築合同預算編製過程的關鍵內部控制的設計、執行及運行有效性；以抽樣方式核對建築合同的關鍵條款，並評估該等關鍵條款是否已在估計總預算中適當反映，並於收入確認中應用；透過考慮貴集團類似合同的毛利率的歷史記錄，以抽樣方式評價貴集團對項目總預算合同成本的估計是否合理；評估合同發生的成本是否於合適期間入賬，並以抽樣方式對當前期間發生的成本與採購發票及其他相關文件相比較；77遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）KEYAUDITMATTERS (continued)Recognition of construction contract revenue (continued)Refer to Note 4 to the consolidated financial statements and the accounting policies in Note 2(t)(i). (continued)The Key Audit MatterHow the matter was addressed in our auditWe identif ied the recognit ion of construction contract revenue as a key audit matter because there is a high degree of risk and associated m a n a g e m e n t j u d g e m e n t i n estimating total budgeted contract costs and the amount of revenue to be recognised by the Group. per fo rming a re-ca lcu la t ion o f revenue recognised for individual contracts on a sample basis, based on the estimated total budgeted contract costs, the costs incurred to date and the agreed contract price; performing site visits to a sample of contracts in progress, physically observing the stage of completion of the contract and discussing the status of the contract with the site managers; and assessing the related disclosures i n t h e c o n s o l i d a t e d f i n a n c i a l statements with reference to the requ i rements o f the preva i l ing accounting standards.關鍵審計事項吾等的審計如何處理關鍵審計事項吾等將確認建築合同收入确定為關鍵審計事項，乃由於在估計總預算及貴集團確認的收入金額時存在高風險且高度依賴管理層判斷。

根據估計總預算合同成本、累計已發生成本及協定合同價格，以抽樣方式對個別合同確認的收入進行重新計量；對進行中的合同樣本進行實地視察，實地觀察合同完成階段，並與現場經理討論合同狀況；及參考現行會計準則的規定，評估合併財務報表中相關披露。

關鍵審計事項（續）建築合同收入確認（續）參閱合併財務報表附註4及附註2(t)(i)的會計政策。

（續）78 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）KEYAUDITMATTERS (continued)Expected credit loss allowances for contract assets and trade receivablesRefer to Notes 16(a),17 and 29(a) to the consolidated financial statements and the accounting policies in Note 2(j)(i).The Key Audit MatterHow the matter was addressed in our auditThe Group’s contract assets and trade receivables mainly arise from the Group’s construction business. As a t 31 December 2023, the aggregate amount o f cont ract asse t s and t r ade rece i vab l es totalled RMB2.6 billion.T h e G r o u p m e a s u r e s l o s s a l lowances on contract assets a n d t r a d e r e c e i v a b l e s , w i t h the ass i s tance o f an ex te r na l special ist, at amounts equal to lifetime expected credit losses (the “ECLs”) which involved significant management judgement, including the determination of the loss rates and ad jus tments fo r fo rward-looking information.Our audit procedures to assess the ECL allowance for contract assets and trade receivables included the following: a s s e s s i n g t h e d e s i g n a n d implementat ion of key interna l controls over the credit control and estimation of the ECL allowances; evaluating the Group’s policy for and the method of estimating the ECL allowance with reference to the requirements of the applicable accounting standard; examining the information used by management to de r i ve the l o s s r a t e s , i n c l u d i n g t e s t i n g the accuracy o f the h is to r ica l d e f a u l t d a t a a n d e v a l u a t i n g whether historical loss rates are appropriately adjusted based on current economic conditions and forward-looking information; assess ing, on a sample bas is , w h e t h e r i t e m s i n t h e a g e i n g r e p o r t o f t r a d e r e c e i v a b l e s were categor ised appropr iate ly b y i n s p e c t i n g t h e u n d e r l y i n g documents;關鍵審計事項（續）合同資產及貿易應收款的預期信用損失撥備參閱合併財務報表附註16(a),17及29(a)及附註2(j)(i)的會計政策。

關鍵審計事項吾等的審計如何處理關鍵審計事項貴集團的合同資產及貿易應收款主要來自貴集團的建築業務。

於2023年12月31日，貴集團合同資產及貿易應收款總額為人民幣26億元。

貴集團在外部專家的協助下，以等同於整個存續期預期信用損失（「預期信用損失」）的金額計量合同資產及貿易應收款的損失撥備，包含重大管理層判斷，包括損失率的確定和前瞻性因素的調整。

吾等評估合同資產及貿易應收款的預期信用損失撥備的審計程序包括如下：評估預期信用損失撥備相關關鍵內部控制的設計及實施；參照適用會計準則的規定評估貴集團的預期信用損失撥備估計政策及方法；檢查管理層用於推導損失率的信息，包括測試歷史違約數據的準確性，並評估歷史損失率是否根據當前經濟狀況和前瞻性因素進行了適當調整；抽樣評估貿易應收款賬齡報告中的項目是否通過檢查相關文檔進行了適當分類；79遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）The Key Audit MatterHow the matter was addressed in our auditWe identified the ECL allowances fo r cont rac t asse ts and t rade receivables as a key audit matter because of the significant balances at the end of the reporting period and that the measurement of ECL allowances is inherently subjective a n d re q u i re s t h e e x e rc i s e o f significant management judgement. eva lua t i ng the i ndependence , competence and exper ience of the external specialist engaged by management; involving our internal specialists to evaluate the appropriateness of the key assumptions adopted, including the expected recovery r a t e s i n r e l a t i o n t o c e r t a i n c u s t o m e r s w h o a re p ro p e r t y developers; and assessing the related disclosures i n t h e c o n s o l i d a t e d f i n a n c i a l statements with reference to the requi rements of the appl icable accounting standards.KEYAUDITMATTERS (continued)Expected credit loss allowances for contract assets and trade receivables (continued)Refer to Notes 16(a), 17 and 29(a) to the consol idated financial statements and the accounting policies in Note 2(j)(i). (continued)關鍵審計事項吾等的審計如何處理關鍵審計事項吾等將合同資產及貿易應收款的預期信用損失撥備確定為一項關鍵審計事項，原因為合同資產及貿易應收款的結餘對貴集團而言屬重大，及虧損撥備的量測存在固有的主觀性且管理層須運用重大判斷。

評估管理層聘用的外部專家的獨立性、能力和經驗；引入我們的內部專家參與評估所採用的關鍵假設的適當性，包括與某些房地產開發商客戶相關的預期回收率；及參考適當會計準則的規定，評估合併財務報表中相關披露。

關鍵審計事項（續）合同資產及貿易應收款的預期信用損失撥備（續）參閱合併財務報表附註16(a),17及29(a)及附註2(j)(i)的會計政策。

（續）80 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）INFORMATIONOTHERTHANTHECONSOLIDATED FINANCIALSTATEMENTSANDAUDITOR’SREPORT THEREONThe directors are responsible for the other information. The other information comprises all the information included in the annual report, other than the consolidated financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon.Our opinion on the consolidated financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.In connection with our audit of the consolidated financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is material ly inconsistent with the consol idated f inancial statements or our knowledge obtained in the audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.If, based on the work we have performed, we conclude that there is a material misstatement of this other information, we are required to report that fact. We have nothing to report in this regard.RESPONSIBILITIESOFTHEDIRECTORSFORTHE CONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTSThe directors are responsible for the preparat ion of the consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view in accordance with IFRSAccounting Standards and the disclosure requirements of the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance and for such internal control as the directors de te rm ine i s necessa ry to enab le the p repa ra t i on o f consolidated financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.合併財務報表及其核數師報告以外的信息董事需對其他信息負責。

其他信息包括刊載於年報內的全部信息，但不包括合併財務報表及吾等的核數師報告。

吾等對合併財務報表的意見並不涵蓋其他信息，吾等亦不對該等其他信息發表任何形式的鑒證結論。

結合吾等對合併財務報表的審計，吾等的責任是閱讀其他信息，在此過程中，考慮其他信息是否與合併財務報表或吾等在審計過程中所了解的情況存在重大抵觸或者似乎存在重大錯誤陳述的情況。

基於吾等已執行的工作，如果吾等認為其他信息存在重大錯誤陳述，吾等需要報告該事實。

在這方面，吾等沒有任何報告。

董事就合併財務報表須承擔的責任董事須負責根據《國際財務報告會計準則》及香港《公司條例》的披露要求擬備真實而中肯的合併財務報表，並對其認為為使合併財務報表的擬備不存在由於欺詐或錯誤而導致的重大錯誤陳述所需的內部控制負責。

81遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）RESPONSIBILITIESOFTHEDIRECTORSFORTHE CONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTS (continued)In preparing the consolidated financial statements, the directors are responsible for assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the directors either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so.The d i rectors are ass is ted by the Aud i t Commit tee in discharging their responsibilities for overseeing the Group’s financial reporting process.AUDITOR’SRESPONSIBILITIESFORTHEAUDITOF THECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTSOur objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. This report is made solely to you, as a body, and for no other purpose. We do not assume responsibility towards or accept liability to any other person for the contents of this report.Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with HKSAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered mater ia l i f , ind iv idual ly or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these consolidated financial statements.董事就合併財務報表須承擔的責任（續） 在擬備合併財務報表時，董事負責評估貴集團持續經營的能力，並在適用情況下披露與持續經營有關的事項，以及使用持續經營為會計基礎，除非董事有意將貴集團清盤或停止經營，或別無其他實際的替代方案。

審計委員會協助董事履行監督貴集團的財務報告過程的責任。

核數師就審計合併財務報表承擔的責任吾等的目標，是對合併財務報表整體是否不存在由於欺詐或錯誤而導致的重大錯誤陳述取得合理保證，並出具包括吾等意見的核數師報告。

吾等是僅向整體股東報告。

除此以外，吾等的報告不可用作其他用途。

吾等概不就本報告的內容，對任何其他人士負責或承擔法律責任。

合理保證是高水平的保證，但不能保證按照《香港審計準則》進行的審計，在某一重大錯誤陳述存在時總能發現。

錯誤陳述可以由欺詐或錯誤引起，如果合理預期它們單獨或滙總起來可能影響合併財務報表使用者依賴財務報表所作出的經濟決定，則有關的錯誤陳述可被視作重大。

82 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）AUDITOR’SRESPONSIBILITIESFORTHEAUDIT OFTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTS (continued)As part of an audit in accordance with HKSAs, we exercise professional judgement and maintain professional scepticism throughout the audit. We also:– Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.– Obtain an understanding of internal control relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Group’s internal control.– Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the directors.– Conclude on the appropriateness of the directors’ use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the consolidated financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or conditions may cause the Group to cease to continue as a going concern.核數師就審計合併財務報表承擔的責任（續） 在根據《香港審計準則》進行審計的過程中，吾等運用了專業判斷，保持了專業懷疑態度。

吾等亦：–識別和評估由於欺詐或錯誤而導致合併財務報表存在重大錯誤陳述的風險，設計及執行審計程序以應對這些風險，以及獲取充足和適當的審計憑證，作為吾等意見的基礎。

由於欺詐可能涉及串謀、偽造、蓄意遺漏、虛假陳述，或凌駕於內部控制之上，因此未能發現因欺詐而導致的重大錯誤陳述的風險高於未能發現因錯誤而導致的重大錯誤陳述的風險。

–了解與審計相關的內部控制，以設計適當的審計程序，但目的並非對貴集團內部控制的有效性發表意見。

–評價董事所採用會計政策的恰當性及作出會計估計和相關披露的合理性。

–對董事採用持續經營會計基礎的恰當性作出結論。

根據所獲取的審計憑證，確定是否存在與事項或情況有關的重大不確定性，從而可能導致對貴集團的持續經營能力產生重大疑慮。

如果吾等認為存在重大不確定性，則有必要在核數師報告中提請使用者注意合併財務報中的相關披露。

假若有關的披露不足，則吾等應當發表非無保留意見。

吾等的結論是基於核數師報告日止所取得的審計憑證。

然而，未來事項或情況可能導致貴集團不能持續經營。

83遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）AUDITOR’SRESPONSIBILITIESFORTHEAUDIT OFTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTS (continued)– Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the consolidated financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the consol idated f inancial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.– Obtain sufficient appropriate audit evidence regarding the f inancial information of the entit ies or business activities within the Group to express an opinion on the consolidated financial statements. We are responsible for the direction, supervision and performance of the group audit. We remain solely responsible for our audit opinion.We communicate with the Audit Committee regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal control that we identify during our audit.We also provide the Audit Committee with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence and communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence and, where applicable, actions taken to eliminate threats or safeguards applied.From the matters communicated with the Audit Committee, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the consolidated financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.核數師就審計合併財務報表承擔的責任（續） –評價合併財務報表的整體列報方式、結構和內容，包括披露，以及合併財務報表是否中肯反映相關交易和事項。

–就貴集團內實體或業務活動的財務信息獲取充足、適當的審計憑證，以便對合併財務報表發表意見。

吾等負責貴集團審計的方向、監督和執行。

吾等為審計意見承擔全部責任。

除其他事項外，吾等與審計委員會溝通了計劃的審計範圍、時間安排、重大審計發現等，包括吾等在審計中識別出內部控制的任何重大缺陷。

吾等還向審計委員會提交聲明，說明吾等已符合有關獨立性的相關專業道德要求，並與他們溝通有可能合理地被認為會影響吾等獨立性的所有關係和其他事項，以及為消除對獨立性的威脅所採取的行動或防範措施。

從與審計委員會溝通的事項中，吾等確定哪些事項對本期合併財務報表的審計最為重要，因而構成關鍵審計事項。

吾等在核數師報告中描述這些事項，除非法律法規不允許公開披露這些事項，或在極端罕見的情況下，如果合理預期在吾等報告中溝通某事項造成的負面後果超過產生的公眾利益，吾等決定不應在報告中溝通該事項。

84 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Independent Auditor’s Report (continued)獨立核數師報告（續）核數師就審計合併財務報表承擔的責任（續） 出具本獨立核數師報告的審計項目合夥人是楊家俊。

畢馬威會計師事務所執業會計師香港中環渣打道十號太子大廈八樓2024年3月28日AUDITOR’SRESPONSIBILITIESFORTHEAUDIT OFTHECONSOLIDATEDFINANCIALSTATEMENTS (continued)The engagement par tner on the audi t resu l t ing in th is independent auditor’s report is Yeung Ka Chun.KPMGCertified Public Accountants8th Floor, Prince’s Building10 Chater RoadCentral, Hong Kong28 March 202485遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss合併損益表(Expressed in Renminbi (“RMB”)) For the year ended 31 December 2023（以人民幣（「人民幣」）為單位 截至2023年12月31日止年度20232022Note RMB’000 RMB’000附註人民幣千元人民幣千元Revenue收入42,569,5093,263,601Cost of sales銷售成本(2,054,169) (2,876,265)Gross profit毛利515,340387,336Other income其他收入530525,467Selling expenses銷售費用(59,315) (56,474)Administrative expenses行政開支(356,438) (371,116)Expected credit losses of financial and contract assets金融及合同資產之預期信用損失(123,564) (23,962)Loss from operations經營虧損(23,672) (38,749)Net finance income融資收益淨額6(a) 43,537147,354Profit before taxation稅前利潤619,865108,605Income tax所得稅75,459 (36,476)Profit for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the Company年內利潤可分配予本公司股東25,32472,129Earnings per share (RMB cents)每股盈利（人民幣分）— Basic and diluted —基本及攤薄100.411.16第93至231頁之附註為此等財務報表之一部分。

應付本公司股東年內股息詳情載於附註27(b)。

The notes on pages 93 to 231 form part of these financial statements. Details of dividends payable to equity shareholders of the Company for the year are set out in Note 27(b).86 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other Comprehensive Income合併損益及其他全面收益表(Expressed in RMB) For the year ended 31 December 2023（以人民幣為單位） 截至2023年12月31日止年度20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Profit for the year年內利潤25,32472,129Other comprehensive income for the year (after tax and reclassification adjustments):年內其他全面收益（除稅及重新分類調整後）：Item that may be reclassified subsequently to profit or loss:其後可重新分類至損益的項目：— Exchange differences on translation of financial statements—財務報表換算的匯兌差額(152,087) (212,664)Other comprehensive income for the year年內其他全面收益(152,087) (212,664)Total comprehensive income for the year attributable to equity shareholders of the Company年內全面收益總額可分配予本公司股東(126,763) (140,535)第93至231頁之附註為此等財務報表之一部分。

The notes on pages 93 to 231 form part of these financial statements.87遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Consolidated Statement of Financial Position合併財務狀況表(Expressed in RMB) At 31 December 2023（以人民幣為單位） 於2023年12月31日20232022Note RMB’000 RMB’000附註人民幣千元人民幣千元Non-current assets非流動資產Property, plant and equipment物業、廠房及設備11350,984320,174Right-of-use assets使用權資產12215,441212,914Investment properties投資物業1330,70631,906Deferred tax assets遞延稅項資產25(b) 332,794327,192929,925892,186Current assets流動資產Inventories and other contract costs存貨及其他合同成本15259,193310,865Contract assets合同資產16(a) 1,188,4881,616,958Trade and bills receivables貿易應收款及應收票據171,529,2311,634,433Deposits, prepayments and other receivables按金、預付款及其他應收款18457,724523,990Restricted deposits受限制存款19(a) 320,986701,144Cash and cash equivalents現金及現金等價物19(a) 274,515219,4554,030,1375,006,845Current liabilities流動負債Trade and bills payables貿易應付款及應付票據201,573,1741,839,774Contract liabilities合同負債16(b) 508,569495,830Accrued expenses and other payables應計開支及其他應付款21338,716382,760Bank loans銀行貸款22(a) 713,950855,000Other borrowings其他借款23424,407820,760Income tax payable應付所得稅25(a) 239,607254,427Provision for warranties保修撥備2662,35750,4583,860,7804,699,009Net current assets流動資產淨值169,357307,836Total assets less current liabilities總資產減流動負債1,099,2821,200,02288 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Consolidated Statement of Financial Position (continued)合併財務狀況表（續）(Expressed in RMB) At 31 December 2023（以人民幣為單位） 於2023年12月31日20232022Note RMB’000 RMB’000附註人民幣千元人民幣千元Non-current liabilities非流動負債Lease liabilities租賃負債249,0941,932Provision for warranties保修撥備26205,488186,627214,582188,559NETASSETS淨資產884,7001,011,463CAPITALANDRESERVES資本及儲備27Share capital股本519,723519,723Reserves儲備364,977491,740TOTALEQUITY總權益884,7001,011,463Approved and authorised for issue by the board of directors on 28 March 2024.Kang Baohua Wang Hao康寶華王昊Director (Chairman) Director董事（主席）董事The notes on pages 93 to 231 form part of these financial statements.第93至231頁之附註為此等財務報表之一部分。

董事會於2024年3月28日批准及授權刊發。

89遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity合併權益變動表(Expressed in RMB) For the year ended 31 December 2023（以人民幣為單位） 截至2023年12月31日止年度SharecapitalSharepremiumOtherreservePRC statutory reservesExchange reserveAccumulated losses Total股本股份溢價其他儲備中國法定儲備匯兌儲備累計虧損總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元(Note 27(c)) (Note 27(d)(i)) (Note 27(d)(iii)) (Note 27(d)(iv)) (Note 27(d)(v))（附註27(c)） （附註27(d)(i)） （附註27(d)(iii)） （附註27(d)(iv)） （附註27(d)(v)）Balance at 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日之結餘519,723574,04755,786435,90122,936 (456,395) 1,151,998Changes in equity for 2022: 2022年之權益變動：Profit for the year年內利潤— — — — — 72,12972,129Other comprehensive income其他全面收益— — — — (212,664) — (212,664)Total comprehensive income全面收益總額— — — — (212,664) 72,129 (140,535)Balance at 31 December 2022於2022年12月31日之結餘519,723574,04755,786435,901 (189,728) (384,266) 1,011,46390 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity (continued)合併權益變動表（續）(Expressed in RMB) For the year ended 31 December 2023（以人民幣為單位） 截至2023年12月31日止年度SharecapitalSharepremiumOtherreservePRC statutory reservesExchange reserveAccumulated losses Total股本股份溢價其他儲備中國法定儲備匯兌儲備累計虧損總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元(Note 27(c)) (Note 27(d)(i)) (Note 27(d)(iii)) (Note 27(d)(iv)) (Note 27(d)(v))（附註27(c)） （附註27(d)(i)） （附註27(d)(iii)） （附註27(d)(iv)） （附註27(d)(v)）Balance at 1 January 2023於2023年1月1日之結餘519,723574,04755,786435,901 (189,728) (384,266) 1,011,463Changes in equity for 2023: 2023年之權益變動：Profit for the year年內利潤— — — — — 25,32425,324Other comprehensive income其他全面收益— — — — (152,087) — (152,087)Total comprehensive income全面收益總額— — — — (152,087) 25,324 (126,763)Balance at 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日之結餘519,723574,04755,786435,901 (341,815) (358,942) 884,700第93至231頁之附註為此等財務報表之一部分。

The notes on pages 93 to 231 form part of these financial statements.91遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Consolidated Cash Flow Statement合併現金流量表(Expressed in RMB) For the year ended 31 December 2023（以人民幣為單位） 截至2023年12月31日止年度20232022Note RMB’000 RMB’000附註人民幣千元人民幣千元Operating activities經營活動Profit before taxation稅前利潤19,865108,605Adjustments for:調整項目：Depreciation and amortisation折舊及攤銷6(c) 59,20753,817Interest income利息收入6(a) (38,571) (21,634)Borrowing costs借貸成本6(a) 99,902107,682Net foreign exchange gain外匯收益淨額(106,019) (187,074)Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment出售物業、廠房及設備的虧損淨額520,48234Changes in working capital:營運資金變動：Decrease in inventories and other contract costs存貨及其他合同成本減少57,913122,573Decrease/(increase) in contract assets合同資產減少╱（增加）449,565 (32,165)Decrease/(increase) in trade and bills receivables貿易應收款及應收票據減少╱（增加） 55,757 (41,656)Decrease in deposits, prepayments and other receivables按金、預付款及其他應收款減少128,54831,164Decrease in trade and bills payables貿易應付款及應付票據減少(373,391) (74,222)Increase/(decrease) in contract liabilities合同負債增加╱（減少）12,739 (19,069)(Decrease)/increase in accrued expenses and other payables應計開支及其他應付款（減少）╱增加(38,032) 19,296Increase in provision for warranties保修撥備增加19,99613,173Cash generated from operations經營所得現金367,96180,524Income tax paid已付所得稅25(a) (20,050) (4,788)Income tax refunded所得稅退款25(a) 1,4041,022Net cash generated from operating activities經營活動所得現金淨額349,31576,75892 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Consolidated Cash Flow Statement (continued)合併現金流量表（續）(Expressed in RMB) For the year ended 31 December 2023（以人民幣為單位） 截至2023年12月31日止年度20232022Note RMB’000 RMB’000附註人民幣千元人民幣千元Investing activities投資活動Payments for purchase of property, plant and equipment購買物業、廠房及設備付款(1,756) (617)Proceeds from disposal of property, plant and equipment出售物業、廠房及設備之所得款18,42319,658Interest received已收利息32,74333,961Net cash generated from investing activities投資活動所得現金淨額49,41053,002Financing activities融資活動Proceeds from new bank loans and other borrowings新增銀行貸款及其他借款所得款19(b) 1,178,8472,364,198Repayment of bank loans and other borrowings償還銀行貸款及其他借款19(b) (1,717,918) (3,162,805)Net proceeds for restricted deposits to secure bank loans and other borrowings為銀行貸款及其他借款抵押的限制性存款淨所得款323,704715,625Capital element of lease rentals paid已付租賃租金之資本部份19(b) (25,716) (21,570)Interest element of lease rentals paid已付租賃租金之利息部份19(b) (740) (455)Borrowing costs paid已付借貸成本19(b) (106,754) (98,842)Net cash used in financing activities融資活動所用現金淨額(348,577) (203,849)Net increase/(decrease) in cash and cash equivalents現金及現金等價物增加╱（減少）淨額50,148 (74,089)Cash and cash equivalents at 1 January於1月1日的現金及現金等價物19(a) 219,455284,219Effect of foreign exchange rate changes外幣匯率變動的影響4,9129,325Cash and cash equivalents at 31 December於12月31日的現金及現金等價物19(a) 274,515219,455第93至231頁之附註為此等財務報表之一部分。

The notes on pages 93 to 231 form part of these financial statements.93遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements合併財務報表附註(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）1 CORPORATEINFORMATIONYuanda China Holdings Limited (the “Company”) was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on 26 February 2010 as an exempted company with limited liabil ity under the Companies Law, Chapter 22 (Law 3 of 1961, as consolidated and revised) of the Cayman Islands. The shares of the Company were listed on The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (the “Stock Exchange”) on 17 May 2011. The consolidated financial statements of the Company comprise the Company and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Group”). The principal activities of the Group are the design, procurement, production, sale and installation of curtain wall systems.2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES(a) Statement of complianceThese financial statements have been prepared in accordance with IFRSAccounting Standards issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (the “IASB”). These financial statements also comply with the disclosure requirements of the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance and the appl icable d isc losure prov is ions of the Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange (the “Listing Rules”). Material accounting policies adopted by the Group are disclosed below.The IASB has issued certain new or amended standards that are first effective or available for early adoption for the current accounting period of the Group. Note 2(c) provides information on any changes in accounting policies resulting from initial application of these developments to the extent that they are relevant to the Group for the current accounting periods reflected in these financial statements.1公司資料遠大中國控股有限公司（「本公司」）於2010年2月26日根據開曼群島公司法第22章（1961年第3號法律，經綜合及修訂）在開曼群島註冊成立為一家獲豁免有限責任公司。

本公司股份於2011年5月17日於香港聯合交易所有限公司（「聯交所」）上市。

本公司合併財務報表包括本公司及其附屬公司（統稱「本集團」）的資料。

本集團的主要業務為設計、採購、生產、銷售及安裝幕牆系統。

2重大會計政策(a)合規聲明此等財務報表乃根據國際會計準則理事會（「國際會計準則理事會」）頒佈的《國際財務報告會計準則》而編製。

此等財務報表亦符合香港公司條例披露規定及聯交所證券上市規則（「上市規則」）的適用披露條文。

本集團採用重大會計政策，如下所述。

國際會計準則理事會已頒佈若干新訂或經修訂準則，此等準則將於本集團當前會計期間首次生效或可提早採納。

首次應用該等與本集團有關的國際財務報告準則所引致當前會計期間的任何會計政策變動已反映於此等財務報表，有關資料載列於附註2(c)。

94 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(b) Basis of preparation of the financial statementsThe measurement basis used in the preparation of the financial statements is the historical cost basis except for derivative financial instruments and equity investment which are stated at their fair values (see Note 2(e)).The Company has its functional currency in Hong Kong dollar (“HK$”). As majority of the Group’s operation are conducted by the subsidiaries of the Group in Chinese Mainland in Renminbi (“RMB”), the consolidated financial statements are presented in Renminbi.As at 31 December 2023, the Group had cash and cash equiva lents of RMB274,515,000, whi le the Group had bank loans and other borrowings within one year or on demand of RMB1,138,357,000. The net current assets of the Group decreased to RMB169,357,000 as at 31 December 2023 compared with that of RMB307,836,000 as at 31 December 2022, and the net profit for the year ended 31 December 2023 decreased to RMB25,324,000 compared with that of RMB72,129,000 for the year ended 31 December 2022.In this regard, the directors of the Company have identified various initiatives to address the Group’s liquidity needs, which include the following: The Group cont inues to improve i t s operat ing cash f lows by accelerat ing the progress bi l l ings and col lection of trade receivables, actively participating in bidding, negotiating with suppliers on payment terms, and reduction of operation expenses;2重大會計政策（續） (b)財務報表的編製基準編製財務報表以歷史成本為計量基準，惟衍生金融工具及股權投資乃按其公允價值列賬（參閱附註2(e)）。

本公司功能貨幣為港元（「港元」）。

由於本集團大部分業務由本集團中國內地附屬公司進行，故合併財務報表乃以人民幣（「人民幣」）呈列。

於2023年12月31日，本集團的現金及現金等價物為人民幣274,515,000元，而本集團一年內或按要求的銀行貸款及其他借款為人民幣1,138,357,000元。

本集團的流動資產淨值由2022年12月31日的人民幣307,836,000元減少至2023年12月31日的人民幣169,357,000元，而截至2023年12月31日止年度的淨利潤則由截至2022年12月31日止年度的人民幣72,129,000元減少至人民幣25,324,000元。

本公司董事就此確定了解決本集團流動性需求的多項措施，包括如下：通過加快進度開票及貿易應收款回收，積極參與投標，與供貨商就付款條件進行談判，以及減少運營費用以持續改善其經營現金流；95遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(b) Basis of preparation of the financial statements (continued) The Group continues the negotiations with various banks to:(i) renew the short-term bank loans upon maturity (see Note 22(a)); and/or(ii) provide additional bank facilities to the Group. Mr. Kang Baohua ( the “Contro l l ing Shareholder”) and a company under his control have committed to provide the necessary financial support, including but not limited to: renewal of the borrowings f rom Con t ro l l i ng sha reho lde r and a company under his control upon maturity (see Note 23).Based on a cash f low forecast of the Group prepared by the management, the directors of the Company are of the opinion that the Group would have adequate funds to meet its liabilities as and when they fall due for at least twelve months from the end of the reporting period. Accordingly, the directors of the Company consider i t is appropriate to prepare the consolidated financial statements on a going concern basis.2重大會計政策（續）(b)財務報表的編製基準（續） 本集團繼續與各銀行進行協商：(i)短期銀行貸款到期後的重續（附註22(a)）；及╱或(ii)向本集團提供額外的銀行融資。

康寶華先生（「控股股東」）及其控制的一家公司已承諾提供必要的財務支持，包括但不限於：於到期時重續控股股東及其控制的一間公司的借款（見附註23）。

根據管理層編製的本集團現金流量預測，本公司董事認為，本集團將擁有充足資金應付其到期負債，至少可用於自報告期末起計十二個月。

因此，本公司董事認為按持續經營基準編製合併財務報表乃屬適當。

96 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(b) Basis of preparation of the financial statements (continued)The preparat ion o f f inanc ia l s ta tements in conformity with IFRSAccounting Standards requires management to make judgements, est imates and assumpt ions that a ffect the application of policies and reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. The est imates and associated assumpt ions are based on historical experience and various other factors that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis of making the judgements about carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates.The estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on an ongoing basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognised in the period in which the estimate is revised if the revision affects only that period, or in the period of the revision and future periods if the revision affects both current and future periods.Judgements made by management i n the application of IFRSAccounting Standards that have significant effect on the financial statements and major sources of estimation uncertainty are discussed in Note 3.2重大會計政策（續）(b)財務報表的編製基準（續） 編製符合《國際財務報告會計準則》的財務報表需要管理層作出影響政策應用及資產、負債、收入及開支的申報金額的判斷、估計及假設。

此等估計及相關假設乃按過往經驗及多項其他相信按情況下屬於合理的因素得出，其結果組成作出有關不可自其他來源即時得出的資產及負債賬面值的判斷的基準。

實際結果可能與此等估計有所不同。

此等估計及相關假設乃按持續基準審閱。

會計估計的修訂乃於對估計作出修訂期間確認（倘該修訂僅影響該期間）或於修訂期間及未來期間確認（倘該修訂影響當前及未來期間）。

管理層於應用《國際財務報告會計準則》時所作出對財務報表及估計不明朗性主要來源有重大影響的判斷乃於附註3內討論。

97遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(c) Changes in accounting policiesThe IASB has issued the fol lowing new and amended IFRSAccounting Standards that are first effective for the current accounting period of the Group: IFRS 17, Insurance contracts A m e n d m e n t s t o IAS 8, A c c o u n t i n g policies, changes in accounting estimates and e r ro rs : De f in i t ion o f account ing estimates Amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of financial statements and IFRSPractice S t a t e m e n t 2, M a k i n g m a t e r i a l i t y judgements: Disclosure of accounting policies Amendments to IAS 12, Income taxes: Deferred tax related to assets and liabilities arising from a Single Transaction Amendments to IAS 12, Income taxes: International tax reform — Pillar Two model rulesNone of these developments have had a material effect on how the Group’s results and financial position for the current accounting period have been prepared or presented. The Group has not applied any new standard or interpretation that is not yet effective for the current accounting period.2重大會計政策（續）(c)會計政策變動國際會計準則理事會已頒佈以下於本集團當期會計期間首次生效的新的或修訂的《國際財務報告會計準則》：國際財務報告准則第17號—保險合約國際會計準則第8號（修訂本），會計政策、會計估計變動及錯誤：會計估計的定義國際會計準則第1號（修訂本），財務報表的呈列及國際財務報告準則實務報告第2 號，作出重大判斷：會計政策的披露國際會計準則第12號（修訂本），所得稅：與單一交易產生的資產及負債相關的遞延稅項國際會計準則第12號（修訂本），所得稅：國際稅務改革—支柱二立法模板有關變動對本集團於當前會計期間的業績及財務狀況的編製或呈報方式並無構成重大影響。

本集團並無採用任何在當前會計期間尚未生效的新準則或詮釋。

98 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(d) Subsidiaries and non-controlling interestsSubs id ia r ies are ent i t ies cont ro l led by the Group. The Group controls an entity when it is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the entity. When assessing whether the Group has power, only substantive rights (held by the Group and other parties) are considered.An investment in a subsidiary is consolidated into the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that contro l ceases. In t ra-group ba lances, transactions and cash flows and any unrealised profits arising from intra-group transactions are eliminated in full in preparing the consolidated financial statements. Unrealised losses resulting from intra-group transactions are eliminated in the same way as unrealised gains but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.Changes in the Group’s equity interests in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control a re accounted fo r as equ i ty t ransact ions , whereby adjustments are made to the amounts of contro l l ing and non-contro l l ing interests within consolidated equity to reflect the change in relative equity interests, but no adjustments are made to goodwil l and no gain or loss is recognised.2重大會計政策（續）(d)附屬公司及非控股權益附屬公司為本集團控制的實體。

本集團對該實體具有承擔或享有參與有關實體所得之可變回報的風險或權利，並能透過其在該實體的權力影響該等回報，即本集團對該實體具有控制權。

當評估本集團是否具有該權力時，只會考慮由本集團或其他人士擁有之實質權。

於附屬公司的投資乃自控制權開始當日起合併入賬至合併財務報表，直至控制權終止當日為止。

集團內公司間結餘、交易及現金流及自集團內公司間交易產生的任何未變現利潤乃於編製合併財務報表時全數對銷。

集團內公司間交易產生的未變現虧損乃以與未變現收益相同的方式予以對銷，惟僅以無減值證據者為限。

本集團於一家附屬公司的股權變動，倘不會引致喪失控制權，則以權益交易入賬，並對合併權益中控股及非控股權益的金額作出調整，以反映相關的股權變動，惟概無對商譽作出調整，且無確認收益或虧損。

99遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(d) Subsidiaries and non-controlling interests (continued)When the Group loses control of a subsidiary, it is accounted for as a disposal of the entire equity interests in that subsidiary, with a resulting gain or loss being recognised in the consolidated statement of profit or loss. Any equity interests retained in that former subsidiary at the date when control is lost is recognised at fair value and this amount is regarded as the fair value on initial recognition of a financial asset or, when appropriate, the cost on initial recognition of an investment in an associate or joint venture.In the Company’s statement of financial position, an investment in a subsidiary is stated at cost less impairment losses (see Note 2(j)(ii)), unless the investment is classified as held-for-sale.(e) Derivative financial instruments and equity investment(i) Derivative financial instrumentsDer i va t i ve f i nanc ia l i ns t rumen ts a re recognised at fair value. At the end of each reporting period the fair value is remeasured. The gain or loss on remeasurement to fair value is recognised immediately in profit or loss.2重大會計政策（續） (d)附屬公司及非控股權益（續） 當本集團喪失其對一家附屬公司的控制權時，則入賬列為出售於該附屬公司的全部股權，所得的收益或虧損於合併損益表中確認。

於喪失控制權日期保留於該前附屬公司的任何權益按公允價值確認，而此金額被視為初步確認金融資產的公允價值，或（倘適用）初步確認於聯營公司或合營企業的投資的成本。

於本公司的財務狀況表內，於附屬公司的投資乃按成本減減值虧損列賬（見附註2(j)(ii)），惟投資被分類為持作銷售則屬例外。

(e)衍生金融工具及股權投資(i)衍生金融工具衍生金融工具按公允價值確認。

公允價值會於各報告期末重新計量。

重新計量公允價值的收益或虧損會即時於損益表內確認。

100 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(e) Derivative financial instruments and equity investment (continued)(ii) Equity investmentAn investment in equity securities is classified as FVPL unless the equity investment is not held for trading purposes and on initial recognition of the investment the Group makes an irrevocable election to designate the investment at FVOCI (non-recycling) such that subsequent changes in fair value are recognised in other comprehensive income. Such elections are made on an instrument-by-instrument basis, but may only be made if the investment meets the definition of equity from the issuer’s perspective. Where such an election is made, the amount accumulated in other comprehensive income remains in the fair value reserve (non-recycling) until the investment is disposed of. At the time of disposal, the amount accumulated in the fair value reserve (non-recycling) is transferred to retained earnings. It is not recycled through profit or loss. Dividends from an investment in equity securities, irrespective of whether classified as at FVPL or FVOCI, are recognised in profit or loss as other income.2重大會計政策（續）(e)衍生金融工具及股權投資（續）(ii)股權投資於股本證券的投資分類為按公允價值計入損益，除非股權投資並非持作買賣用途，且於初步確認投資時，本集團不可撤回地選擇指定按公允價值計入其他全面收益的投資（不可撥回）其後公允價值變動於其他全面收益確認。

有關選擇乃按個別工具基準作出，惟僅當發行人認為投資符合股權定義時方可作出。

作出該選擇後，於其他全面收益累計的金額仍將保留在公允價值儲備（不可劃轉）中，直至投資被出售為止。

於出售時，於公允價值儲備（不可劃轉）累計的金額轉撥至保留盈利。

其不會透過損益撥回。

來自股本證券投資的股息（不論分類為按公允價值計入損益或按公允價值計入其他全面收益）於損益確認為其他收入。

101遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(f) Investment propertyInvestment properties are land and/or buildings which are owned or held under a leasehold interest (see Note 2(i)) to earn rental income and/or for capital appreciation. These include land held for a currently undetermined future use and property that is being constructed or developed for future use as investment property.Investment properties are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses (see Note 2(j)(ii)). The depreciation policy is the same as that of property, plant and equipment (see Note 2(g)). Rental income from investment properties is accounted for as described in Note 2(t)(v).(g) Property, plant and equipmentProperty, plant and equipment are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses (see Note 2(j)(ii)).The cost of self-constructed items of property, p lan t and equ ipment inc ludes the cost o f materials, direct labour, the initial estimate, where relevant, of the costs of dismantling and removing the items and restoring the site on which they are located, and an appropriate proportion of production overheads and borrowing costs (see Note 2(v)).2重大會計政策（續）(f)投資物業投資物業是指根據租賃權益（見附註2(i)）擁有或持有以賺取租金收入和╱或資本增值的土地和╱或建築物。

其中包括為目前尚未確定的未來用途而持有的土地，以及為將來用作投資物業而正在建造或開發的物業。

投資物業按成本減去累計折舊和減值損失列示（見附註2(j)(ii)）。

折舊政策與物業、廠房及設備的折舊政策相同（見附註2(g)）。

投資物業的租金收入按附註2(t)(v)所述入賬。

(g)物業、廠房及設備物業、廠房及設備按成本減累計折舊及減值虧損列賬（見附註2(j)(ii)）。

自行興建的物業、廠房及設備項目的成本包括材料成本、直接勞工成本，（如適用）初步估計拆卸及搬遷項目以及恢復項目所在地原貌的成本，以及生產經常開支及借貸成本的適當比例（見附註2(v)）。

102 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(g) Property, plant and equipment (continued)Gains or losses ar is ing f rom the ret i rement or disposal of an item of property, plant and equipment are determined as the difference between the net disposal proceeds and the carrying amount of the item and are recognised in profit or loss on the date of retirement or disposal.Depreciation is calculated to write-off the cost of items of property, plant and equipment, less their estimated residual values, if any, using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:Estimated useful livesPlant and buildings 30 yearsMachinery and equipment 15 yearsMotor vehicles and other equipment 5 yearsWhere parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, the cost of the item is allocated on a reasonable basis between the parts and each part is depreciated separately. Both the est imated useful l i fe of an asset and its residual value are reviewed annually. No depreciation is provided in respect of construction in progress until it is completed and ready for its intended use.2重大會計政策（續）(g)物業、廠房及設備（續）報廢或出售物業、廠房及設備項目產生的收益或虧損釐定為出售所得款項淨額與項目賬面值之間的差額，並於報廢或出售日期在損益中確認。

折舊乃使用直線法按下列估計可使用年期計算以撇銷物業、廠房及設備項目的成本減其估計剩餘價值（如有）：估計可使用年期廠房及樓宇30年機器及設備15年汽車及其他設備5年倘物業、廠房及設備項目各部分的可使用年期不同，則該項目的成本會按合理基準分配至各部分，而每部分須分開折舊。

資產的估計可使用年期及其剩餘價值均須每年檢討。

在建工程在完工及可作擬定用途前，並不計提折舊。

103遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(h) Research and development expenditureExpendi ture on research and deve lopment activit ies is recognised as an expense in the period in which it is incurred.(i) Leased assetsAt inception of a contract, the Group assesses whether the contract is, or contains, a lease. A contract is, or contains, a lease if the contract conveys the r ight to contro l the use of an identified asset for a period of time in exchange for consideration. Control is conveyed where the customer has both the right to direct the use of the identified asset and to obtain substantially all of the economic benefits from that use.(i) As a lesseeW h e re t h e c o n t r a c t c o n t a i n s l e a s e c o m p o n e n t ( s ) a n d n o n - l e a s e component(s), the Group has elected not to separate non-lease components and accounts for each lease component and any associated non-lease components as a single lease component for all leases.At the lease commencement date, the Group recognises a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. When the Group enters into a lease in respect of a low-value asset, the Group decides whether to capitalise the lease on a lease-by-lease basis. The lease payments associated with those leases which are not capitalised are recognised as an expense on a systematic basis over the lease term.2重大會計政策（續）(h)研發開支研發活動的開支乃於其產生期間確認為開支。

(i)租賃資產在合同開始時，本集團評估合同是否是或包含租賃。

如果合同轉讓了在一段時間內控制已確認資產使用的權利以換取對價，則合同就是或包含租賃。

倘客戶同時有權指導已識別資產的用途並自有關用途獲得絕大部分經濟效益，則擁有控制權。

(i)作為承租人當合約包含租賃部分及非租賃部分，本集團選擇不區分非租賃部分及將各租賃部分及任何關聯非租賃部分入賬列為所有租賃的單一租賃部分。

在租賃開始日，本集團確認使用權資產和租賃負債。

當本集團就一項低價值資產簽訂租賃協議時，本集團決定是否按逐項租賃基準對該租賃進行資本化。

與該等並無資本化的租賃有關的租賃付款於租期內按系統基準確認為開支。

104 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(i) Leased assets (continued)(i) As a lessee (continued)Where the lease is capitalised, the lease liability is initially recognised at the present value of the lease payments payable over the lease term, d iscounted using the interest rate implicit in the lease or, if that rate cannot be readily determined, using a relevant incremental borrowing rate. After initial recognition, the lease liability is measured at amortised cost and interest expense is calculated using the effective interest method. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or rate are not included in the measurement of the lease liability and hence are charged to profit or loss in the accounting period in which they are incurred.The right-of-use asset recognised when a lease is capitalised is initially measured at cost, which comprises the initial amount of the lease liability plus any lease payments made at or before the commencement date, and any initial direct costs incurred. Where applicable, the cost of the right-of-use assets also includes an estimate o f c o s t s t o d i s m a n t l e a n d r e m o v e the underly ing asset or to restore the underlying asset or the site on which it is located, discounted to their present value, less any lease incentives received. The right-of-use asset is subsequently stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses (see Notes 2(g) and 2(j)(ii)).2重大會計政策（續）(i)租賃資產（續）(i)作為承租人（續）當租賃已資本化，租賃負債初步按租期應付租賃付款現值確認，並按租賃中所隱含的利率貼現，或倘該利率不能輕易釐定，則以相關遞增借款利率貼現。

於初步確認後，租賃負債按攤銷成本計量，而利息開支則採用實際利率法計量。

租賃負債的計量並不包括不依賴指數或利率的可變租賃付款，因此可變租賃付款於其產生的會計期間在損益中扣除。

於資本化租賃時確認的使用權資產初步按成本計量，其中包括租賃負債的初始金額，加上於開始日期或之前作出的任何租賃付款以及任何所產生的初始直接成本。

倘適用，使用權資產的成本亦包括拆卸及移除相關資產或還原相關資產或該資產所在工地而產生的估計成本，按其現值貼現並扣減任何所收的租賃優惠。

使用權資產按成本減累計折舊和減值損失列示（見附註2(g)及2(j)(ii)）。

105遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(i) Leased assets (continued)(i) As a lessee (continued)The initial fair value of refundable rental deposits is accounted for separately from the r ight-of-use assets in accordance with the accounting policy applicable to investments in debt securities carried at amortised cost (see Notes 2(j)(i) and 2(t)(vi) ). Any difference between the init ial fair value and the nominal value of the deposits is accounted for as additional lease payments made and is included in the cost of right-of-use assets.The lease l iabi l i ty is remeasured when there is a change in future lease payments ar is ing f rom a change in an index or rate, or there is a change in the Group’s estimate of the amount expected to be payable under a residual value guarantee, or there is a change ar is ing f rom the reassessment of whether the Group will be reasonably certain to exercise a purchase, extension or termination option. When the lease liability is remeasured in this way, a corresponding adjustment is made to the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset, or is recorded in profit or loss if the carrying amount of the right-of-use asset has been reduced to zero.2重大會計政策（續）(i)租賃資產（續）(i)作為承租人（續）根據適用於按攤銷成本（見附註2(j)(i)及2(t)(vi)）列賬的債務證券投資的會計政策，可退還租金按金的初始公允價值與使用權資產分開入賬。

按金的初始公允價值與面值之間的任何差額入賬列作已付額外租賃付款，並計入使用權資產成本。

倘指數或利率變化引致未來租賃付款出現變動，或本集團預期根據剩餘價值擔保應付的估計金額產生變化，或就本集團是否合理確定將行使購買、續租或終止選擇權的有關重新評估產生變化，則租賃負債將重新計量。

倘以這種方式重新計量租賃負債，則應當對使用權資產的賬面值進行相應調整，而倘使用權資產的賬面值已調減至零，則應於損益列賬。

106 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(i) Leased assets (continued)(i) As a lessee (continued)The lease l iabi l i ty is a lso remeasured when there is a change in the scope of a lease or the consideration for a lease that is not originally provided for in the lease contract (“lease modification”) that is not accounted for as a separate lease. In this case the lease liability is remeasured based on the revised lease payments and lease term using a revised discount rate at the effective date of the modification.In the consolidated statement of financial posi t ion, the current port ion of long-term lease liabilities is determined as the present value of contractual payments that are due to be settled within twelve months after the reporting period.2重大會計政策（續）(i)租賃資產（續）(i)作為承租人（續）當租賃範疇發生變化或租賃合約原先並無規定的租賃代價發生變化（「租賃修訂」），且未作為單獨的租賃入賬時，則亦要對租賃負債進行重新計量。

在此情況，租賃負債根據經修訂的租賃付款及租賃期限，使用經修訂的貼現率在修訂生效日重新計量。

在合併財務狀況表中，長期租賃負債的即期部分釐定為須於報告期後12個月內清償之合約付款現值。

107遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(i) Leased assets (continued)(ii) As a lessorWhen the Group acts as a lessor, i t determines at lease inception whether each l ease i s a f i nance l ease o r an operating lease. A lease is classified as a finance lease if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to the ownership of an underlying assets to the lessee. If this is not the case, the lease is classified as an operating lease.When a contract contains lease and non-lease components, the Group allocates the consideration in the contract to each component on a re lat ive stand-a lone sel l ing pr ice basis. The rental income from operating leases is recognised in accordance with Note 2(t)(v).2重大會計政策（續）(i)租賃資產（續）(ii)作為出租人當本集團作為出租人時，本集團在租賃開始時確定每份租賃是融資租賃還是經營租賃。

如果租賃實質上將標的資產所有權附帶的所有風險和報酬轉移給承租人，則該租賃被歸類為融資租賃。

如果情況並非如此，則該租賃被歸類為經營租賃。

當合同包含租賃和非租賃組成部分時，本集團將合同中的對價按照單獨售價的基準分配給每個組成部分。

經營租賃的租金收入根據附註2(t)(v)確認。

108 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assetsThe Group recognises a loss allowance for expected credit losses (ECLs) on the following items:— f i n a n c i a l a s s e t s m e a s u re d a t amortised cost (including cash on hand and in bank, trade receivables and deposits and other receivables); and— contract assets as defined in IFRS 15 (see Note 2(l)).Derivative financial instruments measured at fair value are not subject to the ECL assessment.Measurement of ECLsECLs are a probability-weighted estimate o f c re d i t l o s s e s . C re d i t l o s s e s a re measured as the present va lue of a l l expected cash shortfalls (i.e. the difference between the cash flows due to the Group in accordance with the contract and the cash f lows that the Group expects to receive).2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值(i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失本集團就如下項目確認預期信用損失的虧損撥備：—按攤銷成本計量的金融資產（包括手頭現金及銀行存款、貿易應收款及按金以及其他應收款）；及—國際財務報告準則第15號所定義的合同資產（見附註2(l)）。

按公允價值計量的衍生金融工具無須進行預期信用損失評估。

計量預期信用損失預期信用損失為信用損失的概率加權估計。

信用損失以所有預期現金短缺的現值（即根據合同應付予本集團的現金流量與本集團預計收取的現金流量之間的差額）計量。

109遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assets (continued)Measurement of ECLs (continued) T h e e x p e c t e d c a s h s h o r t f a l l s a r e discounted using the following discount rates where the effect of discounting is material:— fixed-rate f inancial assets, trade receivables, deposits and other receivables and contract assets: effective interest rate determined a t i n i t i a l r e c o g n i t i o n o r a n approximation thereof; and— va r i ab le - ra te f i nanc ia l asse ts : current effective interest rate.T h e m a x i m u m p e r i o d c o n s i d e r e d when estimating ECLs is the maximum contractual period over which the Group is exposed to credit risk.In measuring ECLs, the Group takes into account reasonable and supportab le information that is available without undue cost or effort. This includes information about past events, current conditions and forecasts of future economic conditions.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失（續）計量預期信用損失（續）倘貼現影響重大，預期現金短缺使用如下貼現率貼現：—定息金融資產、貿易應收款及按金及其他應收款及合同資產：初步確認時釐定的實際利率或其近似值；及—浮息金融資產：即期實際利率。

估計預期信用損失時所考慮的最長期間為本集團面對信貸風險的最長合同期間。

於計量預期信用損失時，本集團會考慮在無需付出過多成本及努力下即可獲得的合理有據資料。

此項包括有關過往事件、現時狀況及未來經濟狀況預測的資料。

110 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assets (continued)Measurement of ECLs (continued) ECLs are measured on e i ther o f the following bases:— 12-month ECLs: these are losses that are expected to result from possible default events within the 12 months after the reporting date; and— l i fet ime ECLs: these are losses that are expected to result from all possible default events over the expected lives of the items to which the ECL model applies.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失（續）計量預期信用損失（續）預期信用損失將採用以下基準計量：— 12個月預期信用損失：指報告日期後12個月內可能發生的違約事件而導致的預期虧損；及—整個存續期的預期信用損失：指預期信用損失模型適用項目之預期可使用年期內所有可能違約事件而導致的預期虧損。

111遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assets (continued)Measurement of ECLs (continued) Loss allowances for trade receivables and contract assets are always measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs. ECLs on these financial assets are estimated using a provision matrix based on the Group’s historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specific to the debtors and an assessment of both the current and forecast general economic conditions at the reporting date.For al l other f inancial instruments, the Group recognises a loss allowance equal to 12-month ECLs unless there has been a significant increase in credit risk of the financial instrument since initial recognition, in wh ich case the loss a l lowance i s measured at an amount equal to lifetime ECLs.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失（續）計量預期信用損失（續）貿易應收款及合同資產之虧損撥備一直按等同於整個存續期的預期信用損失的金額計量。

於報告日期，該等金融資產的預期信用損失乃根據本集團的歷史信用損失經驗使用計提矩陣進行評估，並根據債務人的特定因素及對當前及預計一般經濟狀況的評估進行調整。

就所有其他金融工具而言，本集團確認相等於12個月預期信用損失的虧損撥備，除非金融工具的信貸風險自初步確認以來大幅上升，則在此情況下，虧損撥備按相等於整個存續期的預期信用損失的金額計量。

112 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assets (continued)Significant increases in credit riskIn assessing whether the credit r isk of a f inanc ia l ins t rument has increased s ign i f icant ly s ince in i t ia l recogni t ion, the Group compares the risk of default occurr ing on the f inancia l instrument assessed at the reporting date with that assessed at the date of initial recognition. In making this reassessment, the Group considers that a default event occurs when (i) the borrower is unlikely to pay i ts credi t obl igat ions to the Group in ful l , without recourse by the Group to actions such as realising security (if any is held); or ( i i ) the financial asset is 90 days past due. The Group considers both quantitative and qualitative information that is reasonable and supportable, including historical experience and forward-looking information that is available without undue cost or effort.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失（續）信貸風險大幅上升評估金融工具的信貸風險自初步確認以來有否大幅上升時，本集團會比較於報告日期及於初步確認日期評估的金融工具發生違約的風險。

作出重新評估時，本集團認為，倘(i)借款人不大可能在本集團無追索權採取變現抵押（如持有）等行動的情況下向本集團悉數支付其信貸債務；或(ii)金融資產已逾期90日，則構成違約事件。

本集團會考慮合理有據的定量及定性資料，包括過往經驗及在無需付出過多成本或努力下即可獲得的前瞻性資料。

113遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assets (continued)S i g n i f i c a n t i n c re a s e s i n c re d i t r i s k (continued)In part icular, the fol lowing information is taken into account when assessing w h e t h e r c r e d i t r i s k h a s i n c r e a s e d significantly since initial recognition:— f a i l u r e t o m a k e p a y m e n t s o f p r i n c i p a l o r i n t e re s t o n t h e i r contractually due dates;— an actual or expected significant d e t e r i o r a t i o n i n a f i n a n c i a l instrument’s external or internal credit rating (if available);— an actual or expected significant deterioration in the operating results of the debtor; and— existing or forecast changes in the technological, market, economic or legal environment that have a signif icant adverse effect on the debtor’s ability to meet its obligation to the Group.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失（續）信貸風險大幅上升（續）具體而言，評估信貸風險自初始確認以來有否大幅上升時會考慮以下資料：—未能按合同到期日期支付本金或利息；—金融工具外部或內部信貸測評（如有）的實際或預期顯著惡化；—債務人經營業績的實際或預期顯著惡化；及—科技、市場、經濟或法律環境的目前或預期變動對債務人履行其對本集團責任的能力有重大不利影響。

114 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assets (continued)S i g n i f i c a n t i n c re a s e s i n c re d i t r i s k (continued)D e p e n d i n g o n t h e n a t u r e o f t h e f inancial instruments, the assessment of a significant increase in credit risk is performed on either an individual basis or a collective basis. When the assessment is performed on a collective basis, the financial instruments are grouped based on shared credit risk characteristics, such as past due status and credit risk ratings.ECLs are remeasured at each reporting date to reflect changes in the financial i ns t rument ’s c red i t r i sk s i nce i n i t i a l recogn i t ion . Any change in the ECL amount is recognised as an impairment gain or loss in profit or loss. The Group r e c o g n i s e s a n i m p a i r m e n t g a i n o r loss for all f inancial instruments with a corresponding adjustment to their carrying amount through a loss allowance account.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失（續）信貸風險大幅上升（續）取決於金融工具的性質，信貸風險大幅上升的評估乃按個別基準或共同基準進行。

倘評估為按共同基準進行，金融工具則按共同的信貸風險特徵（如逾期狀況及信貸風險評級）進行分組。

預期信用損失於各報告日期進行重新計量以反映金融工具自初步確認以來的信貸風險變動。

預期信用損失的任何變動均於損益確認為減值收益或虧損。

本集團就所有金融工具確認減值收益或虧損，並通過虧損撥備賬對彼等之賬面值作出相應調整。

115遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assets (continued)Basis of calculation of interest incomeInterest income recognised in accordance with Note 2(t)(vi) is calculated based on the gross carrying amount of the financial asset unless the financial asset is credit-impaired, in which case interest income is calculated based on the amortised cost (i.e. the gross carrying amount less loss allowance) of the financial asset.A t e a c h re p o r t i n g d a t e , t h e G ro u p assesses whether a f inancial asset is c red i t - impa i red . A f i nanc ia l asse t i s credit-impaired when one or more events that have a detr imental impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset have occurred.Evidence that a financial asset is credit-impaired includes the following observable events:— significant financial difficulties of the debtor;— a breach of contract, such as a default or past due event;2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失（續）計算利息收入的基準根據附註2(t)(vi)確認的利息收入乃按金融資產的總賬面值計算，除非該金融資產出現信貸減值，在此情況下，利息收入按金融資產的攤銷成本（即總賬面值減虧損撥備）計算。

於各報告日期，本集團評估金融資產是否出現信貸減值。

當發生一項或多項對金融資產預計未來現金流量有不利影響的事件時，金融資產則出現信貸減值。

金融資產出現信貸減值的證據包括以下可觀察事件：—債務人有重大財務困難；—違約，例如拖欠或延遲支付利息或本金；116 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(i) Credit losses from financial instruments and contract assets (continued)Basis of calculation of interest income (continued)— i t becoming probab le tha t the borrower will enter into bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation; or— s i g n i f i c a n t c h a n g e s i n t h e technological, market, economic or legal environment that have an adverse effect on the debtor.Write-off policyThe gross carrying amount of a financial asset or contract asset is written off (either partially or in full) to the extent that there is no realistic prospect of recovery. This is general ly the case when the Group determines that the debtor does not have assets or sources of income that could generate sufficient cash flows to repay the amounts subject to the write-off.Subsequent recoveries of an asset that was previously written off are recognised as a reversal of impairment in profit or loss in the period in which the recovery occurs.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (i)金融工具及合同資產信用損失（續）計算利息收入的基準（續）—債務人可能破產或進行其他財務重組；或—科技、市場、經濟或法律環境出現對債務人造成不利影響的重大變化。

撇銷政策若日後實際上不可收回款項，本集團則會撇銷（部分或全部）金融資產或合同資產的總賬面值。

該情況通常出現在本集團確定債務人沒有資產或可產生足夠現金流量的收入來源來償還應撇銷的金額。

隨後收回先前撇銷之資產於收回期間在損益內確認為減值撥回。

117遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(ii) Impairment of other non-current assetsInternal and external sources of information are reviewed at the end of each reporting per iod to ident i fy indicat ions that the following assets may be impaired or an impairment loss previously recognised no longer exists or may have decreased:— property, plant and equipment;— right-of-use assets;— investment property; and— investments in subsidiaries in the Company’s statement of financial position.If any such indication exists, the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (ii)其他非流動資產減值本集團於各報告期末審閱內部及外部資料來源，以確定以下資產是否存在減值跡象，或先前確認的減值虧損是否不再存在或可能已經減少：—物業、廠房及設備；—使用權資產；—投資物業；及—本公司財務狀況表內的附屬公司投資。

倘出現任何該等跡象，則會估計資產的可收回金額。

118 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(ii) Impairment of other non-current assets (continued)— Calculation of recoverable amountThe recoverab le amount o f an asset is the greater of its fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. In assessing value in use, the est imated future cash f lows are discounted to their present va lue us ing a pre- tax d iscount rate that ref lects current market assessments of the time value of money and the r isks specif ic to the asset. Where an asset does not generate cash inflows largely independent of those from other assets, the recoverable amount is determined for the smallest group o f asse ts tha t genera tes cash inflows independently (i.e. a cash-generating unit). A portion of the carry ing amount of a corporate asset ( for example, head off ice building) is allocated to an individual cash-generating unit if the allocation can be done on a reasonable and consistent basis, or to the smallest group of cash-generating units if otherwise.2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (ii)其他非流動資產減值（續）—計算可收回金額資產的可收回金額為公允價值減銷售成本與使用價值兩者間的較高者。

在評估使用價值時，會按反映當時市場對貨幣時間價值及資產特定風險評估的稅前貼現率，將估計未來現金流量貼現至其現值。

倘資產並無產生大致獨立於其他資產的現金流入，則以能獨立產生現金流入的最小資產組別（即現金產生單位）釐定可收回金額。

在能按合理一致的基準作出分配的情況下，企業資產（例如總部大樓）賬面值的一部分會分配至個別現金產生單位，否則分配至最小的現金產生單位組別。

119遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(ii) Impairment of other non-current assets (continued)— Recognition of impairment lossesAn impairment loss is recognised in prof i t or loss i f the car ry ing amount of an asset, or the cash-generating unit to which it belongs, exceeds its recoverable amount. Impairment losses recognised in respect of cash-generating units are allocated to reduce the carrying amount of the assets in the unit (or group of units) on a pro rata basis, except that the carrying value of an asset will not be reduced below its individual fair value less costs of disposal (if measurable) or value in use (if determinable).2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (ii)其他非流動資產減值（續）—確認減值虧損倘資產或其所屬現金產生單位的賬面值超過其可收回金額時，則於損益中確認減值虧損。

就現金產生單位確認的減值虧損會予以分配，以按比例基準減少該單位（或單位組別）內資產的賬面值，惟某資產的賬面值不會減至低於其個別公允價值減銷售成本（如能計量）或使用價值（如能釐定）。

120 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(j) Credit losses and impairment of assets (continued)(ii) Impairment of other non-current assets (continued)— Reversals of impairment lossesAn impairment loss is reversed if there has been a favourable change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount.A reversal of an impairment loss is l imited to the asset’s carrying amount tha t wou ld have been determined had no impairment loss been recognised in pr ior years. Reversals of impairment losses are credited to profit or loss in the year in which the reversa ls are recognised.(iii) Interim financial reporting and impairmentUnder the List ing Rules, the Group is required to prepare an interim financial report in compliance with IAS 34, Interim financial reporting, in respect of the first six months of the financial year. At the end of the interim period, the Group applies the same impairment testing, recognition, and reversal criteria as it would at the end of the financial year (see Notes 2(j)(i) and 2(j)(ii)).2重大會計政策（續）(j)信用損失及資產減值（續） (ii)其他非流動資產減值（續）—撥回減值虧損倘用作釐定可收回金額的估計出現正面的變化，則會撥回減值虧損。

減值虧損撥回僅限於在過往年度並未確認減值虧損時原應釐定的資產賬面值。

減值虧損撥回在確認撥回的年度計入損益。

(iii)中期財務報告及減值根據上市規則，本集團須遵守國際會計準則第34號中期財務報告編製有關財政年度首六個月的中期財務報表。

於中期期末，本集團採用等同財政年度末之減值測試、確認及撥回標準（見附註2(j)(i)及2(j)(ii)）。

121遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(k) Inventories and other contract costs(i) InventoriesInventories are assets which are held for sale in the ordinary course of business, in the process of production for such sale or in the form of materials or supplies to be consumed in the production process or in the rendering of services.Inventories are carried at the lower of cost and net realisable value.I nven to r i es i nc lude the cos t o f r aw materials waiting to be assigned to specific cons t ruc t ion cont rac ts . The cos t o f inventories includes design costs, costs of purchase, direct labour, other direct costs and production overheads.Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale.When inventories are assigned to specific const ruct ion cont racts , the car ry ing amount of those inventories is recognised as an expense in the year in which the related revenue is recognised.2重大會計政策（續）(k)存貨及其他合同成本(i)存貨存貨是指日常業務過程中持有以作銷售、處在為該等銷售的生產過程中，或在生產過程中或提供服務耗用的材料或物料形式持有的資產。

存貨按成本及可變現淨值的較低者列賬。

存貨包括待指定至特定建築合同的原材料的成本。

存貨成本包括設計成本、採購成本、直接勞工、其他直接成本及生產經常開支。

可變現淨值為在日常業務過程中的估計售價減去完成的估計成本以及完成銷售的估計成本。

在指定存貨至特定建築合同時，該等存貨的賬面值乃於確認相關收入的年度內確認為開支。

122 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(k) Inventories and other contract costs (continued)(i) Inventories (continued)T h e a m o u n t o f a n y w r i t e - d o w n o f inventories to net realisable value and all losses of inventories are recognised as an expense in the year the write-down or loss occurs. The amount of any reversal of any write-down of inventories is recognised as a reduction in the amount of inventories recognised as an expense in the year in which the reversal occurs.(ii) Other contract costsOthe r con t rac t cos ts a re e i t he r the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer or the costs to fulfi l a contract with a customer which are not capitalised as inventory (see Note 2(k)(i)).Incremental costs of obtaining a contract are those costs that the Group incurs to obtain a contract with a customer that it would not have incurred if the contract had not been obtained e.g. an incremental sa les commiss ion. Incrementa l costs of obtaining a contract are capital ised when incur red i f the cos ts re la te to revenue which wi l l be recognised in a future reporting period and the costs are expected to be recovered. Other costs of obtaining a contract are expensed when incurred.2重大會計政策（續）(k)存貨及其他合同成本（續）(i)存貨（續）任何撇減存貨至可變現淨值的金額及所有存貨虧損乃於作出撇減或產生損失的年度內確認為開支。

任何存貨撇減的任何撥回金額乃於作出撥回的年度內確認為已確認為開支的存貨金額的扣減。

(ii)其他合同成本其他合同成本是取得客戶合同的增量成本或履行客戶合同的成本，其並無資本化為存貨（見附註2(k)(i)）。

取得合同的增量成本為本集團就取得客戶合同而產生，倘未能取得合同則不會產生的成本（例如增量銷售佣金）。

倘有關收益的成本將在未來報告期內確認，而成本預期可收回，取得合同的增量成本於產生時會資本化。

取得合同的其他成本在產生時費用化。

123遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(k) Inventories and other contract costs (continued)(ii) Other contract costs (continued)Costs to fulfil a contract are capitalised if the costs relate directly to an existing contract or to a specifically identifiable anticipated contract; generate or enhance resources that wil l be used to provide goods or services in the future; and are expected to be recovered. Costs that relate directly to an existing contract or to a specifically identifiable anticipated contract may include direct labour, direct materials, allocations of costs, costs that are explicitly chargeable to the customer and other costs that are incurred only because the Group entered in to the contract (for example, payments to sub-contractors). Other costs of fulf i l l ing a contract, which are not capital ised as inventory are expensed as incurred.Capitalised contract costs are stated at cost less accumulated amortisation and impairment losses. Impairment losses are recognised to the extent that the carrying amount of the contract cost asset exceeds the net of (i) remaining amount of consideration that the Group expects to receive in exchange for the goods or services to which the asset relates, less (ii) any costs that relate directly to providing those goods or services that have not yet been recognised as expenses.Amor t i sa t ion o f cap i ta l i sed cont rac t costs is charged to profit or loss when the revenue to which the asset relates is recognised. The accounting policy for revenue recognition is set out in Note 2(t).2重大會計政策（續）(k)存貨及其他合同成本（續）(ii)其他合同成本（續）倘履行合同的成本與現有合同或可識別的預期合同直接有關；產生或提升將於未來用於提供產品或服務的資源；並預期可收回，則會資本化。

與現有合同或可識別的預期合同直接有關的成本可能包括直接勞工、直接材料、成本分配、明確向客戶收取的成本及僅由於本集團訂立合同而產生的其他成本（例如向分包商付款）。

其他履行合同的成本（其並無資本化為存貨）在產生時費用化。

資本化合同成本按成本減累計攤銷及減值虧損列賬。

倘合同成本資產賬面值超過(i)本集團預期收取以交換有關該資產的產品或服務的餘下代價金額，減(ii)任何直接有關提供該等產品或服務，而未確認為開支的成本的淨額，則會確認減值虧損。

當與資產有關的收入獲確認時，資本化的合同成本攤銷將自損益扣除。

收入確認的會計政策載於附註2(t)。

124 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(l) Contract assets and contract liabilitiesA contract asset is recognised when the Group recognises revenue (see Note 2(t)) before being uncondit ional ly entit led to the considerat ion under the payment terms set out in the contract. Con t rac t asse ts a re assessed fo r ECL i n accordance with the policy set out in Note 2(j)(i) and are reclassified to receivables when the right to the consideration has become unconditional (see Note 2(m)).A contract l iab i l i ty is recognised when the customer pays non-refundable consideration before the Group recognises the related revenue (see Note 2(t)). A contract liability would also be recognised if the Group has an unconditional right to receive non-refundable consideration before the Group recognises the related revenue. In such cases, a corresponding receivable would also be recognised (see Note 2(m)).For a single contract with the customer, either a net contract asset or a net contract liability is presented. For multiple contracts, contract assets and contract liabilities of unrelated contracts are not presented on a net basis.2重大會計政策（續）(l)合同資產及合同負債在本集團有權無條件獲取合同所載付款條款代價前確認收入（見附註2(t)）時確認合同資產。

合同資產按附註2(j)(i)所載政策就預期信用損失而獲評估，並在代價權利成為無條件後獲重新分類至應收款（見附註2(m)）。

本集團確認相關收入前，合同負債在客戶支付不可退還代價時確認（見附註2(t)）。

如本集團有無條件權利在本集團確認相關收入前收取不可退還代價，則合同負債亦會獲確認。

在相關情況下，相應應收款亦會獲確認（見附註2(m)）。

就與客戶的單一合同而言，合同資產淨額或合同負債淨額得以呈列。

就多份合同而言，非相關合同的合同資產及合同負債不按淨額基準呈列。

125遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(m) Trade and other receivablesA receivable is recognised when the Group has an unconditional right to receive consideration. A right to receive consideration is unconditional if only the passage of time is required before payment of that consideration is due. If revenue has been recognised before the Group has an unconditional right to receive consideration, the amount is presented as a contract asset (see Note 2(l)).Trade receivables that do not contain a significant financing component are initially measured at their transaction price. Trade receivables that contain a significant financing component and other receivables are initially measured at fair value plus transaction costs. All receivables are subsequently stated at amortised cost, using the effective interest method and including an allowance for credit losses (see Note 2(j)(i)).(n) Cash and cash equivalentsCash and cash equ iva lents compr ise cash at bank and on hand, demand deposits with banks and other f inanc ia l inst i tut ions, and short-term, highly l iquid investments that are readily convertible into known amounts of cash and which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value, having been within three months of maturity at acquisition. Cash and cash equivalents are assessed for ECL in accordance with the policy set out in Note 2(j)(i).2重大會計政策（續）(m)貿易及其他應收款應收款在本集團擁有無條件權利收取代價時確認。

倘支付代價到期前只需經過一段時間，則收取該代價的權利屬無條件。

倘收入在本集團擁有無條件權利收取代價前確認，則金額呈列為合同資產（見附註2(l)）。

不包含重大融資成分的貿易應收款初步按其交易價格計量。

包含重大融資成分的貿易應收款及其他應收款項初步按公允價值加交易成本計量。

所有應收款項隨後以實際利率法按攤銷成本列賬，並包括信貸虧損撥備（見附註2(j)(i)）。

(n)現金及現金等價物現金及現金等價物包括銀行存款及手頭現金、於銀行及其他金融機構的活期存款及於收購時到期為三個月以內之可隨時兌換為已知金額現金且承受的價值變動風險並不重大的短期、高流動性投資。

現金及現金等價物根據附註2(j)(i)所載政策作出預期信用損失評估。

126 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(o) Trade and other payablesTrade and other payables are initially recognised at fair value. Subsequent to initial recognition, trade and other payables are stated at amortised cost unless the effect of discounting would be immaterial, in which case they are stated at invoice amounts.(p) Interest-bearing borrowingsInterest-bearing borrowings are measured initially at fair value less transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition, interest-bearing borrowings are stated at amortised cost using the effective interest method. Interest expense is recognised in accordance with the Group’s accounting policy for borrowing costs (see Note 2(v)).2重大會計政策（續）(o)貿易及其他應付款貿易及其他應付款項初步按公允價值確認。

於初步確認後，貿易及其他應付款項按攤銷成本列賬，惟倘貼現的影響並不重大，在此情況下則按發票金額列賬。

(p)計息借貸計息借貸初步按公允價值減交易成本確認。

於初步確認後，計息借貸按攤銷成本，使用實際利率法列賬。

利息開支根據本集團借貸成本的會計政策予以確認（見附註2(v)）。

127遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(q) Employee benefits(i) Short-term employee benefits and contributions to defined contribution retirement plansSalaries, annual bonuses, paid annual leave, contributions to defined contribution ret irement plans and the cost of non-monetary benef i ts are accrued in the year in which the associated services are rendered by employees of the Group. Where payment or settlement is deferred and the effect would be material, these amounts are stated at their present values.The Group’s contr ibut ions to def ined contribution retirement plans are charged to profit or loss when incurred, except to the extent that they are included in the cost of inventories not yet recognised as an expense.(ii) Share-based paymentsThe shares awarded under the share award scheme are acquired from open market. The net consideration paid, including any directly attributable incremental costs, is presented as “Shares held under share award scheme” and deducted from equity.2重大會計政策（續）(q)僱員福利(i)短期僱員福利及向界定供款退休計劃供款薪金、年度花紅、有薪年假、向界定供款退休計劃供款及非貨幣利益的成本乃於本集團僱員提供相關服務的年度內應計。

倘延期付款或結算，而影響屬重大，則該等金額乃按其現值列賬。

本集團向界定供款退休計劃的供款乃於產生時於損益表內扣除，惟以已計入存貨成本但尚未確認為開支者為限。

(ii)以股份付款股份獎勵計劃授出的股份乃購自公開市場。

所支付代價淨額（包括任何直接應佔增量成本）乃呈列為「根據股份獎勵計劃持有的股份」，並於權益內扣除。

128 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(q) Employee benefits (continued)(iii) Termination benefitsTermination benefits are recognised at the earlier of when the Group can no longer withdraw the offer of those benefits and when it recognises restructuring costs invo lv ing the payment of terminat ion benefits.(r) Income taxIncome tax for the year comprises current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities. Current tax and movements in deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognised in profit or loss except to the extent that they relate to items recognised in other comprehensive income or directly in equity, in which case the relevant amounts of tax are recognised in other comprehensive income or direct ly in equity, respectively.Current tax is the expected tax payable on the taxable income for the year, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.Deferred tax assets and l iabi l i t ies arise from deductible and taxable temporary differences respectively, being the differences between the carrying amounts of assets and l iabil it ies for financial reporting purposes and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets also arise from unused tax losses and unused tax credits.2重大會計政策（續）(q)僱員福利（續）(iii)合約終止補償合約終止補償在下列兩者孰早確定：本集團不再能撤回提供此等福利時及其確認涉及支付合約終止補償的重組成本時。

(r)所得稅年內所得稅包括即期稅項及遞延稅項資產與負債的變動。

即期稅項及遞延稅項資產與負債的變動均於損益內確認，惟與於其他全面收益或直接於權益內確認的項目有關者除外，在此情況下，有關稅項金額分別於其他全面收益或直接於權益內確認。

即期稅項為就年內應課稅收入採用於報告期末已生效或實質已生效的稅率計算的預期應付稅項，並就過往年度的應付稅項作出任何調整。

遞延稅項資產及負債分別自可扣稅及應課稅的暫時差額產生，即資產及負債就財務報告目的而言的賬面值與其稅基之間的差額。

遞延稅項資產亦自未動用稅項虧損及未動用稅項抵免產生。

129遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(r) Income tax (continued)Apart from certain limited exceptions, all deferred tax liabilities, and all deferred tax assets to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the asset can be utilised, are recognised. Future taxable profits that may support the recognition of deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences include those that will arise from the reversal of existing taxable temporary differences, provided those differences relate to the same taxation authority and the same taxable entity, and are expected to reverse either in the same period as the expected reversal of the deductible temporary difference or in periods into which a tax loss arising from the deferred tax asset can be carried back or forward. The same criteria are adopted when determining whether existing taxab le temporary d i f fe rences support the recognition of deferred tax assets arising from unused tax losses and credits, that is, those differences are taken into account if they relate to the same taxation authority and the same taxable entity, and are expected to reverse in a period, or periods, in which the tax loss or credit can be utilised.2重大會計政策（續）(r)所得稅（續）除若干有限的例外情況外，倘可能有未來應課稅利潤用作抵扣可動用的資產，則所有遞延稅項負債及遞延稅項資產均會予以確認。

能支持可確認自可扣稅暫時差額所產生遞延稅項資產的未來應課稅利潤包括因撥回現有應課稅暫時差額而產生的金額；惟此等差額必須與同一稅務機關及同一應課稅實體有關，並預期在可扣稅暫時差額預計撥回的同一期間或遞延稅項資產所產生稅項虧損可向承後或承前結轉的期間內撥回。

在釐定現有應課稅暫時差額是否支持確認自未動用稅項虧損和抵免產生的遞延稅項資產時，亦會採用同一準則，即該等差額若與同一稅務機關及同一應課稅實體有關，並預期在可動用的稅項虧損或抵免的期間內撥回，則予以考慮。

130 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(r) Income tax (continued)The limited exceptions to recognition of deferred tax assets and liabil it ies are those temporary differences arising from the initial recognition of assets or liabilities that affect neither accounting nor taxable prof it or loss (provided they are not part of a business combination), and does not give rise to equal taxable and deductible temporary differences, and temporary differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that, in the case of taxable differences, the Group controls the timing of the reversal and it is probable that the differences will not reverse in the foreseeable future, or in the case of deductible differences, unless it is probable that they will reverse in the future.The Group recognised deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities separately in relation to its lease liabilities and right-of-use assets.The amount o f de fe r red tax recogn ised is measured based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of the assets and l iabi l i t ies, using tax rates enacted or substantively enacted at the end of the reporting period. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are not discounted.The carrying amount of a deferred tax asset is reviewed at the end of each reporting period and is reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available to allow the related tax benefit to be utilised. Any such reduction is reversed to the extent that it becomes probable that sufficient taxable profits will be available.Addit ional income taxes that ar ise from the distribution of dividends are recognised when the liability to pay the related dividends is recognised.2重大會計政策（續）(r)所得稅（續）確認遞延稅項資產和負債的有限例外情況為不影響會計或應課稅利潤或虧損的資產或負債的初步確認（前提是其並不屬業務合併的一部分），以及不會產生同等可納稅及可扣除暫時差額及有關於附屬公司的投資的暫時差額（如屬應課稅差額，則只限於本集團可控制撥回的時間，而且在可見將來不大可能撥回的差額；或如屬可扣稅差額，則只限於很可能在將來撥回的差額）。

本集團就其租賃負債和使用權資產分別確認遞延稅項資產和遞延稅項負債。

已確認的遞延稅項金額按照資產與負債賬面值的預期變現或清償方式，使用報告期末已生效或實質已生效的稅率計算。

遞延稅項資產與負債均不作貼現。

本集團會在各報告期末審閱遞延稅項資產的賬面值，並在不可能再獲得足夠的應課稅利潤可抵扣相關稅項利益時予以扣減。

倘日後有可能獲得足夠的應課稅利潤可作抵扣，則扣減金額予以撥回。

因分派股息而額外產生的所得稅是在支付相關股息的責任確立時確認。

131遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(r) Income tax (continued)Current tax balances and deferred tax balances, and movements therein, are presented separately from each other and are not offset. Current tax assets are offset against current tax liabilities, and deferred tax assets against deferred tax liabilities, i f the Company or the Group has the legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the following additional conditions are met:— in the case of current tax assets and l iabi l i t ies, the Company or the Group intends either to settle on a net basis, or to realise the asset and settle the liability simultaneously; or— in the case of deferred tax assets and liabilities, if they relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on either:— the same taxable entity; or— different taxable entit ies, which, in each fu ture per iod in wh ich significant amounts of deferred tax liabilities or assets are expected to be settled or recovered, intend to realise the current tax assets and settle the current tax liabilities on a net basis or real ise and sett le simultaneously.2重大會計政策（續）(r)所得稅（續）即期稅項結餘及遞延稅項結餘及其變動額，會各自分開呈報且不予抵銷。

倘本公司或本集團有法定強制執行權利以即期稅項資產抵銷即期稅項負債，並且符合以下附帶條件，則即期稅項資產可抵銷即期稅項負債，及遞延稅項資產可抵銷遞延稅項負債：—倘為即期稅項資產與負債，本公司或本集團擬按淨額基準結算，或同時變現該資產及清償該負債；或—倘為遞延稅項資產及負債，而此等資產及負債與同一稅務機關就以下其中一項徵收的所得稅有關：—同一應課稅實體；或—不同的應課稅實體，此等實體計劃在日後每個預計有大額遞延稅項負債需要清償或大額遞延稅項資產可以收回的期間內，按淨額基準變現即期稅項資產及清償即期稅項負債，或同時變現該資產及清償該負債。

132 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(s) Provisions and contingent liabilities and onerous contracts(i) Provisions and contingent liabilitiesProvisions are recognised when the Group has a legal or constructive obligation arising as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made. Where the t ime va lue o f money is mater ia l , provisions are stated at the present value of the expenditure expected to settle the obligation.Where it is not probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required, or the amount cannot be estimated reliably, the obligation is disclosed as a contingent liability, unless the probability of outflow of economic benefits is remote. Possible obl igat ions, whose existence wi l l only be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more future events are also disclosed as contingent liabilities un less the p robab i l i t y o f ou t f l ow o f economic benefits is remote.Where some or al l of the expenditure required to settle a provision is expected to be re imbursed by another party, a separate asset is recognised for any expected reimbursement that would be virtually certain. The amount recognised for the reimbursement is l imited to the carrying amount of the provision.2重大會計政策（續）(s)撥備及或然負債及虧損性合同(i)撥備及或然負債撥備乃於本集團因過往事件而產生法律或推定責任，而可能需要經濟利益流出以清償責任及能作出可靠估計時確認。

倘金錢的時間值屬重大時，撥備乃按預期清償責任的開支的現值列賬。

當需要經濟利益流出的可能性較低或當金額不能可靠估計時，責任會被披露為或然負債，除非經濟利益流出的可能性極微。

可能的責任（其存在將僅由一項或以上未來事件的出現或不出現確認）亦作為或然負債披露，惟經濟利益流出的可能性極微者則屬例外。

倘結算撥備所需的部分或全部支出預期由另一方償還，則就幾乎確定的任何預期償還確認一項單獨的資產。

就償還確認的金額以撥備的賬面值為限。

133遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(s) Provisions and contingent liabilities and onerous contracts (continued)(ii) Onerous contractsAn onerous contract ex ists when the G ro u p h a s a c o n t r a c t u n d e r w h i c h the unavoidable costs of meet ing the obligations under the contract exceed the economic benefits expected to be received from the contract. Provisions for onerous contracts are measured at the present value of the lower of the expected cost of terminating the contract and the net cost of fulfilling the contract. The cost of fulfilling the contract includes both the incremental costs of fulfilling that contract and an allocation of other costs that relate directly to fulfilling that contract.(t) Revenue and other incomeIncome is classified by the Group as revenue when i t ar ises f rom the sa le of goods, the provision of services or the use by others of the Group’s assets under leases in the ordinary course of the Group’s business.2重大會計政策（續）(s)撥備及或然負債及虧損性合同（續）(ii)虧損性合同當本集團為履行合同規定的義務所產生不可避免的成本超過預期因該合同可獲取的經濟效益時，便存在虧損性合同。

虧損性合同的撥備按終止合同的預期成本與合同的持續成本淨額的現值較低者計算。

合同履行成本既包括履行該合同的增量成本，亦包括與履行該合同直接相關的其他成本的分配。

(t)收入及其他收入本集團將於其日常業務過程中銷售貨物、提供服務或根據租賃由其他人士使用本集團資產所產生的收入分類為收入。

134 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(t) Revenue and other income (continued)Revenue is recognised when control over a product or service is transferred to the customer, or the lessee has the right to use the asset, at the amount of promised consideration to which the Group is expected to be entitled, excluding those amounts collected on behalf of third parties. Revenue excludes value added tax or other sales taxes and is after deduction of any trade discounts.Whe re t he con t r ac t con ta i ns a f i nanc i ng component which provides a significant financing benefit to the customer for more than 12 months, revenue is measured at the present value of the amount receivable, discounted using the discount rate that would be re f lected in a separate f inancing transaction with the customer, and interest income is accrued separately under the effective interest method. Where the contract contains a financing component which provides a signif icant f inancing benefit to the Group, revenue recognised under that contract includes the interest expense accreted on the contract liability under the effective interest method. The Group takes advantage of the practical expedient in paragraph 63 of IFRS 15 and does not adjust the consideration for any effects of a significant financing component if the period of financing is 12 months or less.Further details of the Group’s revenue and other income recognition policies are as follows:2重大會計政策（續）(t)收入及其他收入（續）收入在產品或服務的控制權轉移至客戶時，或承租人有權使用資產時，按本集團預期有權收取的承諾代價金額確認，不包括代表第三方收取的款項。

收入不包括增值稅或其他銷售稅，並經扣除任何貿易折扣。

倘合同中包含為客戶提供超過12個月的重大融資利益的融資部分，則收入按應收金額的現值計量，並使用與客戶的單獨融資交易中反映的貼現率貼現，而利息收入按實際利率法單獨計量。

倘合約中包含為本集團提供重大融資利益的融資部分，則根據該合同確認的收入包括按實際利率法計算的合同負債所產生的利息開支。

本集團運用國際財務報告準則第15號第63段的實際權宜方法，當融資期限為12個月或以下時，則不會就重大融資部分的任何影響調整代價。

有關本集團收入及其他收入確認政策的進一步詳情如下：135遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(t) Revenue and other income (continued)(i) Construction contractsA contract with a customer is classified by the Group as a construction contract when the contract relates to work on curtain wall under the control of the customer and therefore the Group’s construction activities create or enhance an asset under the customer’s control.When the outcome of a construct ion contract can be reasonably measured, revenue from the contract is recognised progressively over time using the cost-to-cost method. Under the cost-to-cost method, revenue is recognised based on the proportion of the actual costs incurred relative to the estimated total costs to provide a faithful depiction of the transfer of those services.The l i ke l ihood o f the Group earn ing contractual bonuses for early completion or suffering contractual penalties for late complet ion are taken into account in making these estimates, such that revenue is only recognised to the extent that it is highly probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulat ive revenue recognised will not occur.2重大會計政策（續）(t)收入及其他收入（續）(i)建築合同合同與受客戶控制的幕牆工程相關時，本集團把與客戶所訂的合同列作建築合同，故本集團建築活動設置或提升受客戶控制的資產。

倘建築合同的結果能可靠估計，合同收入使用成本比例法隨著時間逐步確認。

根據成本比例法，收入按已產生實際成本佔估計總成本的比例確認，以提供該等服務轉讓的真實描述。

本集團就提早完工而賺取的合同獎勵或因延遲完工而遭受合同罰款的可能性於作出該等估計時加以考慮，因此，僅在已確認累計收入金額很可能不會大幅撥回時方會確認收入。

136 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(t) Revenue and other income (continued)(i) Construction contracts (continued)The Group ’s cons t ruc t ion con t rac ts include payment schedules which require stage payments over the construction period once milestones are reached. The Group also typically agrees to a retention period for certain of the contract value which the Group’s entitlement to this final payment is condit ional on the Group’s work satisfactori ly passing inspection. To the extent that the difference in timing arises for reasons other than the provision of f inance, no f inancing component is deemed to exist.When the outcome of the contract cannot be reasonab ly measured, revenue is recognised only to the extent of contract costs incurred that are expected to be recovered.If at any time the costs to complete the contract are est imated to exceed the remaining amount of the consideration under the contract, then a provision is recognised in accordance with the policy set out in Note 2(s)(ii).(ii) Service incomeService income from the render ing of services is recognised when the related services are rendered.2重大會計政策（續） (t)收入及其他收入（續）(i)建築合同（續）本集團建築合同包括建築期間要求分階段付款的付款日程（一旦進程達標）。

本集團通常亦同意某些合同價值的保留期，本集團獲得該最終付款的權利取決於本集團的工作是否通過檢查。

倘由於提供融資以外的原因而造成時間差異，則認為不存在融資成分。

倘合同的結果無法合理計量，則收入僅以預期可收回的已產生合同成本為限予以確認。

倘於任何時間估計完成合同的成本超過合同項下代價的餘額，則根據附註2(s)(ii)所載政策確認撥備。

(ii)服務收入來自提供服務的服務收入於提供相關服務後確認。

137遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(t) Revenue and other income (continued)(iii) Sale of productsRevenue arising from the sales of products is recognised when the customer takes possession of and accepts the products. The Group takes advantage of the practical expedient in paragraph 63 of IFRS 15 and does not adjust the consideration for any effects of a significant financing component as the period of financing is 12 months or less.(iv) Sale of materialsSale of materials is recognised when the materials are del ivered to the location des ignated by the customer and the control of the materials transferred to the customer, at the amount of promised cons iderat ion to wh ich the Group is expected to be entitled, excluding those amounts co l lected on behal f o f th i rd parties. Revenue from sale of materials excludes value added tax or other sales taxes and is after deduction of any sales discounts.2重大會計政策（續）(t)收入及其他收入（續）(iii)產品銷售當客戶佔有並接受產品時，確認產品銷售產生的收入。

本集團利用《國際財務報告准則》第15號第63段中的實際權宜之計，不因重大融資組成部分的任何影響而調整對價，因為融資期限為12個月或更短。

(iv)銷售材料銷售材料於材料運抵客戶指定地點及材料控制權轉移至客戶時，按預期本集團有權收取的承諾代價金額確認，不包括代表第三方收取的任何款項。

銷售材料的收入不包括增值稅或其他銷售稅項，並已扣除任何貿易折扣。

138 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(t) Revenue and other income (continued)(v) Rental income from operating leasesRental income receivable under operating leases is recognised in prof i t or loss in equal instalments over the per iods covered by the lease term, except where an alternative basis is more representative of the pattern of benefits to be derived from the use of the leased asset. Lease incentives granted are recognised in profit or loss as an integral part of the aggregate net lease payments receivable. Variable lease payments that do not depend on an index or a rate are recognised as income in the accounting period in which they are earned.(vi) Interest incomeInterest income is recognised as it accrues under the effective interest method using the rate that exactly discounts estimated future cash receipts through the expected l i fe of the f inancial asset to the gross carrying amount of the financial asset.2重大會計政策（續）(t)收入及其他收入（續）(v)經營租賃的租金收入經營租賃項下應收租金收入乃於租賃年期按等額分期於損益表內確認，惟倘有更能代表使用租賃資產帶來的收入模式的其他基準除外。

已授出的租賃優惠乃於損益表內確認為應收淨租金總額的一部分。

不依賴指數或利率的可變租賃付款於產生的會計期間確認為收入。

(vi)利息收入利息收入於產生時使用實際利率法確認，即金融資產預計生命期間內實際折現預計未來現金收入至金融資產的總賬面價值的準確利率。

139遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(t) Revenue and other income (continued)(vii) Government grantsGovernment grants are recognised in the statement of financial position initially when there is reasonable assurance that they will be received and that the Group will comply with the conditions attaching to them. Grants that compensate the Group for expenses incurred are recognised as income in profit or loss on a systematic basis in the same periods in which the expenses a re i ncu r red . G ran ts t ha t compensate the Group for the cost of an asset are deducted from the carrying amount of the asset and consequently are effectively recognised in profit or loss over the useful life of the asset by way of reduced depreciation expense.(u) Translation of foreign currenciesForeign currency transactions are translated into the functional currency of the entity to which they relate at the foreign exchange rates ruling at the transaction dates. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are translated into the functional currency of the entity to which they relate at the foreign exchange rates ruling at the end of the reporting period. Exchange gains and losses are recognised in profit or loss.Non-monetary assets and l iabi l i t ies that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign cu r rency a re t rans la ted us ing the fo re ign exchange rates ruling at the transaction dates. The transaction date is the date on which the Company initially recognises such non-monetary assets or liabilities.2重大會計政策（續）(t)收入及其他收入（續）(vii)政府補貼倘可合理確定能夠收取政府補貼，而本集團將符合政府補貼所附帶條件，則政府補貼將初步在財務狀況表中確認。

補償本集團所產生開支的補貼於產生開支同一期間有系統地於損益表中確認為收入。

補償本集團資產成本的補貼，在相關資產賬面值中扣除，其後於該資產的可使用年期內以減少折舊開支方式於損益內確認。

(u)換算外幣外幣交易乃按於交易日期適用的外幣匯率換算為其有關的實體的功能貨幣。

以外幣計值的貨幣資產及負債乃按於報告期末適用的外幣匯率換算為其有關的實體的功能貨幣。

外匯收益及虧損乃於損益內確認。

以外幣的歷史成本計量的非貨幣資產及負債乃使用於交易日期適用的外幣匯率換算。

交易日為本公司初步確認有關非貨幣資產或負債的日期。

140 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(u) Translation of foreign currencies (continued)T h e r e s u l t s o f o p e r a t i o n s w h i c h h a v e a functional currency other than RMB, the Group’s p resenta t ion cur rency, a re t rans la ted in to RMB at the exchange rates approximating the foreign exchange rates ruling at the dates of the transactions. Statement of financial position items are translated into RMB at the closing foreign exchange rates at the end of the reporting period. The resulting exchange differences are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated separately in equity in the exchange reserve.On disposal of a foreign operation, the cumulative amount of the exchange differences relating to that foreign operation is reclassified from equity to profit or loss when the profit or loss on disposal is recognised.(v) Borrowing costsBorrowing costs that are directly attributable to the acquisition, construction or production of an asset which necessarily takes a substantial period of time to get ready for its intended use or sale are capitalised as part of the cost of that asset. Other borrowing costs are expensed in the period in which they are incurred.The capitalisation of borrowing costs as part of the cost of a qualifying asset commences when expend i t u re f o r t he asse t i s be i ng incurred, borrowing costs are being incurred and activities that are necessary to prepare the asset for its intended use or sale are in progress. Capitalisation of borrowing costs is suspended or ceases when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the qualifying asset for its intended use or sale are interrupted or complete.2重大會計政策（續）(u)換算外幣（續）具有人民幣（本集團之列賬貨幣）以外的功能貨幣的經營業績乃按與於交易日期適用的外幣匯率相若的匯率換算為人民幣。

財務狀況表項目乃按於報告期末的收市外幣匯率換算為人民幣。

所產生的匯兌差額乃於其他全面收益內確認，並單獨於權益的匯兌儲備內累計。

在出售外國業務時，與該外國業務有關的匯兌差額的累計金額在確認處置損益時從權益重分類為損益。

(v)借貸成本收購、興建或生產需長時間方可達致其擬定用途或出售的資產的直接借貸成本乃作為該資產的成本一部分予以資本化。

其他借貸成本乃於其產生期間支銷。

資本化借貸成本作為合資格資產的成本的一部分於資產產生開支、產生借貸成本及進行使資產達致其擬定用途或出售的必須準備工作期間開始。

借貸成本的資本化於進行使合資格資產達致其擬定用途或出售的絕大部分活動中止或完成時暫停或不再進行。

141遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(w) Related parties(a) A person, or a c lose member of that person’s family, is related to the Group if that person:(i) has control or joint control over the Group;(ii) has significant influence over the Group; or(iii) is a member of the key management personne l o f the Group or the Group’s parent.(b) An entity is related to the Group if any of the following conditions applies:(i) The en t i t y and t he G roup a re members of the same group (which means that each parent, subsidiary and fellow subsidiary is related to the others).(ii) One entity is an associate or joint venture of the other entity (or an assoc ia te or jo in t venture o f a member of a group of which the other entity is a member).2重大會計政策（續）(w)關聯方(a)倘屬以下人士，即該人士或該人士之近親與本集團有關聯：(i)控制或共同控制本集團；(ii)對本集團有重大影響；或(iii)為本集團或本集團母公司的主要管理層成員。

(b)倘符合下列任何條件，即實體與本集團有關聯：(i)該實體與本集團屬同一集團之成員公司（即各自的母公司、附屬公司及同系附屬公司相互關聯）。

(ii)一家實體為另一實體的聯營公司或合營企業（或另一實體為成員公司之集團旗下成員公司之聯營公司或合營企業）。

142 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(w) Related parties (continued)(b) (continued)(iii) Both entities are joint ventures of the same third party.(iv) One entity is a joint venture of a third entity and the other entity is an associate of the third entity.(v) The entity is a post-employment bene f i t p lan fo r the bene f i t o f employees of either the Group or an entity related to the Group.(vi) The entity is controlled or jointly controlled by a person identified in (a).(vii) A person ident i f ied in (a ) ( i ) has s i gn i f i c an t i n f l u ence ove r t he entity or is a member of the key management personnel of the entity (or of a parent of the entity).(viii) the entity, or any member of a group of which it is a part, provides key management personnel services to the Group or to the Group’s parent.2重大會計政策（續）(w)關聯方（續）(b) （續）(iii)兩間實體均為同一第三方的合營企業。

(iv)一間實體為第三方實體的合營企業，而另一實體為該第三方實體的聯營公司。

(v)實體為本集團或與本集團有關聯之實體就僱員利益設立的離職福利計劃。

(vi)該實體受(a)所識別人士控制或受共同控制。

(vii)於(a)(i)所識別人士對實體有重大影響力或屬該實體（或該實體的母公司）主要管理層成員。

(viii)實體或任何作為集團一部分的成員公司向本集團或本集團的母公司提供主要管理人員服務。

143遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）2 MATERIALACCOUNTINGPOLICIES (continued)(w) Related parties (continued)Close members of the family of a person are those family members who may be expected to influence, or be influenced by, that person in their dealings with the entity.(x) Segment reportingOperating segments, and the amounts of each segment item reported in the financial statements, are ident i f ied from the f inancia l informat ion provided regularly to the Group’s most senior execut ive management for the purposes of a l locat ing resources to, and assess ing the performance of, the Group’s various l ines of business and geographical locations.Individual ly material operating segments are not aggregated for financial reporting purposes unless the segments have simi lar economic characteristics and are similar in respect of the nature of products and services, the nature of production processes, the type or class of customers, the methods used to d istr ibute the products or provide the services, and the nature of the regulatory environment. Operating segments which are not individually material may be aggregated if they share a majority of these criteria.2重大會計政策（續）(w)關聯方（續）個別人士的近親為在與實體交易時預期會影響該名人士或受到該名人士影響的近親。

(x)分部報告經營分部及於財務報表內所申報的各分部項目的金額乃從定期提供予本集團最高級行政管理人員以就本集團多項業務及多個地理區域進行資源分配及表現評估的財務資料中識別。

個別重大的經營分部並不就財務申報目的而予以合併，除非該等分部具有相似經濟特性，以及就產品及服務性質、生產過程性質、客戶類別或種類、用以分銷產品或提供服務的方式及監管環境的性質方面相似。

並非個別重大的經營分部如享有大部分有關條件，則可予以合併。

144 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）3 ACCOUNTINGJUDGEMENTSANDESTIMATESThe significant sources of estimation uncertainty are as follows:(i) Revenue recognitionAs explained in accounting pol icy Note 2(t), revenue from construction contracts is recognised over time. Such revenue and profit recognition on incomplete projects is dependent on estimating the total budgeted contract costs of the contract, as well as the contract costs incurred to date. The actual outcomes in the terms of total cost may be higher or lower than estimated at the end of the reporting period, which would affect the revenue and profit recognised in the future years as an adjustment to the amounts recorded to date.(ii) Impairment of receivables and contract assetsTrade rece ivab les and cont ract assets are reviewed by management at the end of each report ing per iod to determine the expected cred i t losses. The management bases the estimates on the historical credit loss experience, adjusted for factors that are specif ic to the debtors and assessments of both current and forecast general economic conditions. Credit risk assessments focus on the customers’ past h istory of making payments when due and current ability and willingness to pay, taking into account the financial position of the customers and the macroeconomic environment in which the customers operate. The credit assessments also consider the status of the construction project, i.e. whether there is any delay, any unresolved lawsuits or contentious matters with customers. If the financial conditions of the customers and/or the macroeconomic environment of the Group were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to pay, additional impairment provision would be required.3會計判斷及估計估計不明朗因素的主要來源如下：(i)收入確認如附註2(t)中的會計政策所述，建築合同的收入隨著時間確認。

就未完工項目的有關收入及利潤確認視乎估計合同總預算合同成本，以及迄今產生的合同成本而定。

有關總成本的實際結果可能高於或低於報告期末的估計，其將會影響於未來年度作為迄今所入賬的金額的調整確認的收入及利潤。

(ii)應收款及合同資產減值管理層於各報告期末審閱貿易應收款及合同資產，以釐定預期信用損失。

管理層的估計以歷史信用損失經驗為基礎，並就債務人特定因素及當前及預期整體經濟狀況的評估作出調整。

信貸風險評估集中於客戶於到期時作出付款的過往歷史、目前的實力以及支付意願，並考慮客戶的財務狀況及客戶經營業務所處的宏觀經濟環境。

信貸評估亦考慮建築項目的狀況，即是否存在任何延誤、任何未解決的訴訟或與客戶的爭議事項。

倘客戶財務狀況及╱或本集團宏觀經濟環境惡化，導致彼等支付能力減值，則須再次加入額外減值撥備。

145遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）3 ACCOUNTINGJUDGEMENTSANDESTIMATES (continued)(iii) Warranty provisionsAs expla ined in Note 26, the Group makes provis ions under the warrant ies i t g ives on construction of curtain wall systems contracts, taking into account the Group’s recent claim experience. As the curtain wall systems required by customers become more complex, the actual payment incurred for warranties provided may be different from that estimated at the end of the reporting period, which would affect profit or loss in future years.(iv) TaxationDetermining tax provision involves judgement on tax treatment of certain transactions. The Group evaluates tax implication of transactions and tax provision are set up accordingly. Where the final tax outcome of these transactions is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the tax provision in the year in which such determination is made.Deferred tax assets are recognised for unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences to the extent that it is probable that future taxable profits will be available against which the deferred tax assets can be util ised. In determining the amount of deferred tax assets to be recognised, significant judgement is required relating to the timing and level of future taxable profits, after taking into account future tax planning strategies. The amount of deferred tax assets recognised at future dates are adjusted if there are significant changes from these estimates.3會計判斷及估計（續） (iii)保修撥備誠如附註26闡述，本集團經考慮本集團近期的申索經驗，根據其就幕牆系統建築合同作出的保修計提撥備。

由於客戶所要求的幕牆系統日趨複雜，提供保修的實際支付可能與報告期末時估計存在的差異將影響未來年度的損益。

(iv)稅項釐定稅項撥備涉及對若干交易的稅務處理的判斷。

本集團評估各項交易的稅務影響，並計提相應的稅項撥備。

當該等交易的最終稅項結果與初始記錄的數額有出入時，有關差額將影響有關釐定年度稅項撥備。

在很有可能有能利用遞延稅項資產來抵扣的未來應課稅利潤的限度內，應就所有未利用的稅務虧損及可抵扣暫時差異確認遞延稅項資產。

需要運用大量的判斷來估計未來應課稅利潤的時間和水平，結合未來納稅籌劃策略，才能決定應確認的遞延稅項資產的金額。

如此等估計有重大改變，則會對在未來確認的遞延稅項資產金額作出調整。

146 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）3 ACCOUNTINGJUDGEMENTSANDESTIMATES (continued)(v) Impairment of property, plant and equipment and land use rightsIf circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the Group’s property, plant and equipment and land use rights may not be fully recoverable, these assets are tested for impairment in accordance with accounting policy for impairment of non-current assets and the recoverable amount of the Group’s property, plant and equipment and land use rights was calculated.The recoverable amount is the greater of the fair value less costs of disposal and the value in use. The Group uses al l readi ly avai lable information in determining an amount that is a reasonable approximation of the recoverable amount, including estimates based on reasonable and supportable assumptions related to fair value assessment of the property, plant and equipment and land use rights. Changes in these estimates could have a signif icant impact on the recoverable amount of the assets and could result in additional impairment charge or reversal of impairment in future periods.3會計判斷及估計（續） (v)物業、廠房及設備及土地使用權減值倘有跡象顯示本集團物業、廠房及設備以及土地使用權的賬面值可能無法完全收回，有關資產將根據非流動資產減值會計政策進行減值測試以及計算本集團物業、廠房及設備以及土地使用權的可回收金額。

可收回值是以公允價值減出售成本與使用價值兩者中的較大者計算。

本集團使用所有現成的信息來確定可收回金額的合理近似值，包括基於合理和可支持的假設和對物業、廠房及設備以及土地使用權相關公允價值的評估。

這些估計的變化可能對資產的可收回值產生重大影響，並可能導致額外的減值費用或在未來期間的減值轉回。

147遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）4 REVENUEANDSEGMENTREPORTING(a) RevenueThe principal activ it ies of the Group are the des ign, procurement, product ion, sa le and installation of curtain wall systems. Further details regarding the Group’s principal activit ies are disclosed in Note 4(b).(i) Disaggregation of revenueRevenue represents contract revenue derived from the design, procurement, production, sale and installation of curtain wall systems. Disaggregation of revenue from contracts with customers within the scope of IFRS 15 by timing of revenue recognition is as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Over time於一段時間內2,455,3483,195,104Point in time於某個時間點114,16168,4972,569,5093,263,601Disaggregation of revenue by geographic markets is disclosed in Note 4(b)(iii).The Group’s customer base is diversified. There was no customer with transactions that exceeded 10% of the Group’s revenue for the years ended 31 December 2023 and 2022.4收入及分部報告(a)收入本集團的主要業務為設計、採購、生產、銷售及安裝幕牆系統。

有關本集團主要業務的進一步詳情於附註4(b)中討論。

(i)收入分析收入是指幕牆系統的設計、採購、生產、銷售和安裝產生的合同收入。

根據收入確認時間對國際財務報告準則第15號範圍內的來自客戶合同之收入分析載列如下：按地理市場的收入分析於附註4(b)(iii)披露。

本集團客戶基礎多元化。

截至2023年及2022年12月31日止年度，概無與客戶之交易超過本集團收入的10%。

148 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）4 REVENUEANDSEGMENTREPORTING (continued)(a) Revenue (continued)(ii) Revenue expected to be recognised in the future arising from contracts with customers in existence at the reporting date.As at 31 December 2023, the aggregated amount of the transaction price allocated to the remaining performance obligations under the Group’s existing contracts is RMB6,299.7 million (2022: RMB6,133.9 million). This amount represents revenue expected to be recognised in the future from construction contracts entered into by the customers with the Group. The Group wil l recognise the expected revenue in future when or as the work is completed, which is expected to occur over the next 48 months (2022: 48 months).As at 31 December 2023, the aggregated amount of the expected transaction price of the potential contracts (including tax) of which the Group has won the bidding is RMB3,558.0 million (2022: RMB4,986.6 million).The above amounts do not include any amounts of completion bonuses that the Group may earn in the future by meeting the condit ions set out in the Group’s construction contracts with customers, unless at the reporting date it is highly probable that the Group will satisfy the conditions for earning those bonuses.4收入及分部報告（續） (a)收入（續）(ii)預期未來將就於報告日期存續的客戶合同確認的收入。

於2023年12月31日，分配至本集團現有合同項下餘下履約責任的交易價總額為人民幣6,299.7百萬元（2022年：人民幣6,133.9百萬元）。

該金額指預期日後將就客戶與本集團訂立的建築合同確認的收入。

本集團將於日後工程完成時確認預期收入，預期於未來48個月內發生（2022年：48個月）。

於2023年12月31日，本集團中標的潛在合同的預期交易價總額（包括稅項）為人民幣3,558.0百萬元（2022年：人民幣4,986.6百萬元）。

上述金額不包括本集團日後通過符合本集團與客戶建築合同當中所載條件而可能賺取的完工獎勵的任何金額，除非於報告日期本集團將很可能滿足賺取該等獎勵的條件。

149遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）4 REVENUEANDSEGMENTREPORTING (continued)(b) Segment reportingT h e G r o u p m a n a g e s i t s b u s i n e s s e s b y geographica l locat ions of the construct ion contracts in a manner consistent with the way in which information is reported internally to the Group’s most senior executive management for the purposes of resource al locat ion and pe r fo rmance assessment . The Group has presented the following two reportable segments. No operating segments have been aggregated to form the following reportable segments. D o m e s t i c : c o m p r i s e s c o n s t r u c t i o n contracts carried out in Chinese Mainland. O v e r s e a s : c o m p r i s e s c o n s t r u c t i o n contracts carried out outside of Chinese Mainland.(i) Segment resultsFor the purpose of assessing segment performance and al locat ing resources between segments, the Group’s most senior executive management monitors the results attributable to each reportable segment on the following bases:The measure used for reporting segment result is “adjusted gross profit” (i.e. gross profit after impairment losses for financial assets and contract assets).4收入及分部報告（續） (b)分部報告本集團按建築合同的地理位置劃分管理其業務，其方式與就資源分配及績效考核向本集團最高行政管理人員內部呈報資料的方式一致。

本集團呈列以下兩個可呈報分部。

並無合併經營分部以組成以下可呈報經營分部。

國內：由在中國內地進行的建築合同組成。

海外：由在中國內地以外地區進行的建築合同組成。

(i)分部業績就評估分部表現及於各分部間分配資源而言，本集團最高行政管理人員按以下基準監控各可申報分部應佔的業績：呈報分部業績的方法為「經調整毛利」（即扣除金融資產及合同資產的減值虧損後之毛利）。

150 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）4 REVENUEANDSEGMENTREPORTING (continued)(b) Segment reporting (continued)(i) Segment results (continued)Revenue and expenses are allocated to the reportable segments with reference to revenue generated by those segments and the expenses incur red by those segments. No significant inter-segment sales have occurred for the years ended 31 December 2023 and 2022. The Group’s other operating expenses, such as selling and administrative expenses, expected credit losses for other receivables and net finance income, are not measured under individual segments.The G roup ’s mos t sen io r execu t i ve management monitor the Group’s assets and liabilities as a whole, accordingly, no segment assets and liabilities information is presented.4收入及分部報告（續） (b)分部報告（續）(i)分部業績（續）收入及開支乃參考可申報分部產生的收入及其產生的開支而分配至該等分部。

截至2023年及2022年12月31日止年度，並未錄得任何重大的分部間銷售。

本集團的其他營運開支，如銷售及行政開支，其他應收款項的預期信用損失及融資收入凈額，並未於獨立分部下計算。

本集團最高行政管理人員監管本集團的整體資產及負債，因此，並無呈列分部資產及負債資料。

151遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）4 REVENUEANDSEGMENTREPORTING (continued)(b) Segment reporting (continued)(i) Segment results (continued)I n f o r m a t i o n r e g a rd i n g t h e G ro u p ’s repor tab le segments as prov ided to t h e G ro u p ’s m o s t s e n i o r e x e c u t i v e management for the purposes of resource al location and assessment of segment per formance for the years ended 31 December 2023 and 2022 is set out below.2023Domestic Overseas Total國內海外總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Revenue from external customers and reportable segment revenue來自外部客戶的收入及可申報分部收入1,031,0991,538,4102,569,509Reportable segment adjusted gross profit可申報分部經調整毛利174,222221,799396,0212022Domestic Overseas Total國內海外總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Revenue from external customers and reportable segment revenue來自外部客戶的收入及可申報分部收入1,471,8801,791,7213,263,601Reportable segment adjusted gross profit可申報分部經調整毛利237,412124,178361,5904收入及分部報告（續） (b)分部報告（續）(i)分部業績（續）截至2023年及2022年12月31日止年度，有關提供予本集團最高行政管理人員以分配資源及評估分部表現的本集團可申報分部資料載列如下。

152 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）4 REVENUEANDSEGMENTREPORTING (continued)(b) Segment reporting (continued)(ii) Reconciliation of reportable segment profit20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Reportable segment adjusted gross profit可申報分部經調整毛利396,021361,590Other income其他收入30525,467Selling expenses銷售費用(59,315) (56,474)Administrative expenses行政開支(356,438) (371,116)(Provision)/reversal of expected credit losses of other and other receivables其他及其他應收款的預期信用損失（撥備）╱撥回(4,245) 1,784Net finance income融資收益淨額43,537147,354Profit before taxation稅前利潤19,865108,6054收入及分部報告（續） (b)分部報告（續）(ii)可呈報分部溢利之對賬153遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）4 REVENUEANDSEGMENTREPORTING (continued)(b) Segment reporting (continued)(iii) Geographic informationThe following tables set out information about the geographical location of the Group’s revenue from external customers. The geographical location of customers is based on the location at which the construction contracts are carried out.20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Disaggregated by geographical location of customers按客戶地理位置劃分Chinese Mainland中國內地1,031,0991,471,880Australia澳洲420,272408,892United Kingdom英國409,110781,332United States of America美利堅合眾國181,313118,462Others其他527,715483,0351,538,4101,791,7212,569,5093,263,601Vast majority of the Group’s non-current assets are located in Chinese Mainland. As such, geographical analysis of the Group’s non-current assets is not presented.4收入及分部報告（續） (b)分部報告（續）(iii)地理資料下表載列有關本集團來自外部客戶的收入。

客戶的地理位置乃根據進行建築合同的地點劃分。

本集團大部分非流動資產位於中國境內。

因此，本集團非流動資產的地理分析未呈列。

154 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）5 OTHERINCOME20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Government grants政府補助10,00910,842Rental income from investment properties投資物業之租金收入9,5588,201Rental income from operating leases, other than those relating to investment property投資物業除外的經營租賃之租金收入343187Net gain from sale of scrap materials銷售廢棄材料的淨收益7641,102Net loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment出售物業、廠房及設備淨虧損(20,482) (34)Others其他1135,16930525,4675其他收入155遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）6 PROFITBEFORETAXATIONProfit before taxation is arrived at after (credit ing)/charging:(a) Net finance income:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Interest on borrowings借款利息80,58095,481Interest on lease liabilities租賃負債利息740455Bank charges and other finance costs銀行手續費及其他融資成本18,58211,746Total borrowing costs總借貸成本99,902107,682Interest income利息收入(38,571) (21,634)Net foreign exchange gain外匯收益淨額(111,958) (234,446)Net loss on forward foreign exchange contracts遠期外匯合約凈虧損7,0901,044(43,537) (147,354)No borrowing costs have been capitalised for the years ended 31 December 2023 and 2022.6稅前利潤稅前利潤乃經（計入）╱扣除以下各項後得出：a)融資收益淨額：於截至2023年及2022年12月31日止年度並無借貸成本被資本化。

156 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）6 PROFITBEFORETAXATION (continued)(b) Staff costs#:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Salaries, wages and other benefits薪金、工資及其他福利368,722406,223Contributions to defined contribution retirement plans向界定供款退休計劃供款42,80233,609411,524439,832The employees of the subsidiaries of the Group established in the PRC participate in defined contribution retirement benefit schemes managed by the local government authorities, whereby these subsidiaries are required to contribute to the schemes at rates ranging from 14% to 16% (2022: from 14% to 16%) of the employees’ basic salaries. Employees of these subsidiaries are entitled to retirement benefits, calculated based on a percentage of the average salaries level in the PRC, from the abovementioned retirement schemes at their normal retirement age.The employees of overseas subsid iar ies of the Group participate in defined contribution ret irement benefit schemes managed by the respective local government authorities, whereby these subsidiaries are required to contribute to the respective schemes at rates stipulated by the relevant rules and regulations of the respective jurisdictions.In addi t ion, cer ta in qua l i f ied employees of overseas subsidiaries also participate in defined benefit retirement plan. The subsidiary’s payment obl igat ion in the future under such plan are discounted and recognised as liabilities, deducted by the related plan assets, presented in other payables in the statement of financial position.本集團於中國成立的附屬公司的僱員參與地方政府機關管理的界定供款退休福利計劃，據此，中國附屬公司須按僱員基本薪金14%至16%（2022年：14%至16%）向該等計劃供款。

中國附屬公司僱員於達致正常退休年齡時有權按上述退休計劃享有按中國平均薪金水平百分比計算的退休福利。

本集團海外的附屬公司的僱員參與其各自地方政府機關管理的界定供款退休福利計劃，據此，海外附屬公司須按各司法權區的相關規則及法規所訂明的比率向各計劃供款。

除此之外，符合條件的海外附屬公司僱員亦參加設定收益退休福利計劃。

附屬公司在該計劃下的未來付款義務被貼現並確認為負債，減去相關計劃資產，在財務狀況表的其他應付款項中呈列。

6稅前利潤（續）(b)員工成本#：157遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）6 PROFITBEFORETAXATION (continued)(b) Staff costs#: (continued)Contributions to these retirement plans vest immediately. There are no forfeited contributions that may be used by the Group to reduce the existing level of distribution. The Group does not have any further material obligations for payments of other retirement benefits beyond the above annual contributions.(c) Other items:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Depreciation and amortisation#折舊及攤銷#— owned property, plant and equipment (Note 11)—自有物業、廠房及設備（附註11） 25,58925,729— right-of-use assets (Note 12) —使用權資產（附註12） 32,41826,888— investment properties (Note 13)—投資物業（附註13）1,2001,200Auditors’ remuneration核數師薪酬8,80514,948Research and development costs#研發成本#77,15972,867Increase in provision for warranties# (Note 26)保修撥備增加# （附註26）51,43459,486Cost of inventories# (Note 15(a))存貨成本#（附註15(a)） 2,054,1692,876,265# Cost of inventories includes RMB272.3 million for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: RMB274.7 mi l l ion), re lat ing to staff costs, deprec ia t ion and amort isa t ion expenses, research and development costs and provision for warranties, which amount is also included in the respect ive tota l amounts d isc losed separately above or in Note 6(b) for each of these types of expenses.6稅前利潤（續）(b)員工成本#：（續）該等退休計劃的供款立即兌現。

本集團沒有可能用於降低現有分派水準的沒收供款。

本集團毋須承擔支付上述年度供款以外的任何其他重大退休福利責任。

(c)其他項目：#截至2023年12月31日止年度，存貨成本包括與員工成本、折舊及攤銷開支、研發成本及保修撥備有關的成本人民幣272.3百萬元（2022年：人民幣274.7百萬元），該金額亦計入上文或附註6(b)中就各類開支單獨披露的各自總額中。

158 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）7 INCOMETAX(a) Income tax in the consolidated statement of profit or loss represents:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Current tax (Note 25(a)):即期稅項（附註25(a)）：— provision for corporate income tax in respective jurisdictions—按各司法權區計提企業所得稅撥備— 13,012Deferred tax (Note 25(b)):遞延稅項（附註25(b)）：— origination and reversal of temporary differences—暫時差額的產生及撥回(5,459) 23,464(5,459) 36,4767所得稅(a)合併損益表內的所得稅指：159遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）7 INCOMETAX (continued)(b) Reconc i l i a t i on be tween t ax expense and accounting profit at applicable tax rates:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Profit before taxation稅前利潤19,865108,605Expected tax on profit before taxation, calculated at the rates applicable in the jurisdictions concerned (Notes (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv))按相關司法權區適用稅率計算的稅前利潤預期稅項（附註(i), (ii), (iii)及(iv)）10,24321,072Tax effect of non-deductible expenses不可扣稅開支的稅務影響3,6353,383Tax effect of non-taxable income非應課稅收入的稅務影響(2,827) (18,345)Tax effect of utilisation of prior years’ unused tax losses previously not recognised動用先前未確認過往年度未動用稅項虧損的稅務影響(14,533) (30,647)Tax effect of unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences not recognised未確認未動用稅項虧損及可扣減暫時差額的稅務影響6,36961,292Tax effect of reversal of recognised deferred tax確認遞延稅項資產撥回的稅務影響— 10,609Tax concessions and effect of changes of tax rate (Note (v))稅項減免及稅率變動之影響（附註(v)）(8,346) (10,888)Income tax所得稅(5,459) 36,4767所得稅（續）(b)稅項開支與按適用稅率計算的會計利潤的對賬：160 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）7 INCOMETAX (continued)(b) Reconciliation between tax expense and accounting profit at applicable tax rates: (continued)Notes:(i) The Company and the subsidiaries of the Group incorporated in Hong Kong are subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax rate of 16.5% for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: 16.5%). No provision for Hong Kong Profits Tax has been made as the Company and the subsidiaries of the Group incorporated in Hong Kong did not have assessable profits subject to Hong Kong Profits Tax for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: RMBNil).(ii) The Company and a subsidiary of the Group incorporated in the Cayman Islands and the Brit ish Virgin Is lands, respectively, are not subject to any income tax pursuant to the rules and regulations of their respective countries of incorporation.(iii) The subsidiaries of the Group established in the PRC are subject to PRCCorporate Income Tax rate of 25% for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: 25%).(iv) The subsidiaries of the Group incorporated in jurisdictions other than the PRC (including Hong Kong), the Cayman Islands and the British Virgin Islands, are subject to income tax rates ranging from 8.5% to 30% for the year ended 31 December 2023 pursuant to the rules and regulat ions of their respective countr ies of incorporation (2022: 8.5% to 30%).7所得稅（續）(b)稅項開支與按適用稅率計算的會計利潤的對賬：（續） 附註：(i)本公司及本集團於香港註冊成立的附屬公司於截至2023年12月31日止年度須按16.5%（2022年：16.5%）的稅率繳納香港利得稅。

由於本公司及本集團於香港註冊成立的附屬公司於截至2023年12月31日止年度概無須繳納香港利得稅的應課稅利潤，故並無計提香港利得稅撥備（2022年：人民幣零元）。

(ii)根據各自註冊成立國家的規則及法規，分別於開曼群島及英屬處女群島註冊成立的本公司及本集團一家附屬公司毋須繳納任何所得稅。

(iii)本集團於中國成立的附屬公司於截至2023年12月31日止年度須按25%（2022年：25%）的稅率繳納中國企業所得稅。

(iv)根據各自註冊成立司法權區的規則及法規，本集團於中國（包括香港）、開曼群島及英屬處女群島以外國家註冊成立的附屬公司須於截至2023年12月31日止年度內按8.5%至30%不等的所得稅率繳納所得稅（2022年：8.5%至30%）。

161遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）7 INCOMETAX (continued)(b) Reconciliation between tax expense and accounting profit at applicable tax rates: (continued)Notes: (continued)(v) One of the subsidiaries of the Group established in the PRC has obtained approval from the tax bureau to be taxed as an enterprise with advanced and new technologies for the period from the calendar years from 2023 to 2025 and therefore enjoys a preferential PRCCorporate Income Tax rate of 15% for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: 15%). In addition, this subsidiary is entitled to an additional 100% tax deduction to its assessable profits (2022: 100%) in respect of the qualified research and development costs incurred in the PRC.(vi) Determining tax provision involves judgement on tax treatment of certain transactions. The Group evaluates tax implication of transactions and tax provision are set up accordingly. Where the final tax outcome of these transactions is different from the amounts that were initially recorded, such differences will impact the tax provision in the year in which such determination is made.7所得稅（續）(b)稅項開支與按適用稅率計算的會計利潤的對賬：（續） 附註：（續）(v)本集團其中一家於中國成立的附屬公司已獲得稅務局批准自2023年至2025年止的曆年起作為高新技術企業繳納稅項，故截至2023年12月31日止年度享有15%（2022年：15%）的中國企業所得稅優惠稅率。

此外，該附屬公司有資格享受於中國產生的合資格研發成本的100%（2022年：100%）應課稅利潤加計扣除金額。

(vi)釐定稅項撥備涉及對若干交易的稅務處理作出判斷。

本集團評估交易的稅務影響，並相應計提稅項撥備。

倘該等交易的最終稅務結果與初步記錄的金額不同，有關差額將影響作出有關釐定年度的稅項撥備。

162 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）8 DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATIONDirectors’ remuneration disclosed pursuant to section 383(1) of the Hong Kong Companies Ordinance and Part 2 of the Companies (Disclosure of Information about Benefits of Directors) Regulation are as follows:2023Directors’feesSalaries,allowancesand benefitsin kindRetirementschemecontributions Total董事袍金薪金、津貼及實物福利退休計劃供款總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Executive directors執行董事Mr. Kang Baohua康寶華先生— — — —Mr. Zhao Zhongqiu趙忠秋先生— 1,396381,434Mr. Ma Minghui馬明輝先生— 89238930Mr. Wang Hao王昊先生— — — —Mr. Zhang Lei張雷先生— 1,205381,243Independent non-executive directors獨立非執行董事Mr. Poon Chiu Kwok (resigned on 9 September 2023)潘昭國先生（於2023年9月9日辭任） 155 — — 155Mr. Pang Chung Fai, Benny (resigned on 6 June 2023)彭中輝先生（於2023年6月6日辭任） 97 — — 97Ms. Yang Qianwen (appointed on 18 April 2023)楊倩雯（於2023年4月18日已獲委任） 120 — — 120Mr. Woo Kar Tung, Raymond胡家棟先生225 — — 225Mr. Wang Yuhang (appointed on 13 July 2023)王宇航（於2023年7月13日已獲委任） 104 — — 1047013,4931144,3088董事酬金根據香港公司條例第383(1)章及公司（披露董事利益資料）規例第二部分披露的董事酬金詳情如下：163遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）8 DIRECTORS’ REMUNERATION (continued)2022Directors’feesSalaries,allowancesand benefitsin kindRetirementschemecontributions Total董事袍金薪金、津貼及實物福利退休計劃供款總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Executive directors執行董事Mr. Kang Baohua康寶華先生— — — —Mr. Liu Futao (resigned on 4 July 2022)劉福濤先生（於2022年7月4日辭任） — 35815373Mr. Zhao Zhongqiu趙忠秋先生— 58237619Mr. Ma Minghui馬明輝先生— 46337500Mr. Wang Hao王昊先生— 18618204Mr. Zhang Lei張雷先生— 42137458Independent non-executive directors獨立非執行董事Mr. Poon Chiu Kwok潘昭國先生215 — — 215Mr. Woo Kar Tung, Raymond胡家棟先生215 — — 215Mr. Pang Chung Fai, Benny彭中輝先生215 — — 2156452,0101442,799The emoluments of Mr. Kang Baohua were borne by companies under the control of the Control l ing Shareholder during the year ended 31 December 2023 and 2022.The emoluments of Mr Wang Hao were borne by compan ies under the cont ro l o f the Cont ro l l i ng Shareholder during the year ended 31 December 2023 and the six months ended 1 July 2022 to 31 December 2022.Mr. Ha Gang was appointed as an independent non-executive director on 17 January 2024 and Mr. Ma Minghui resigned on 6 March 2024.8董事酬金（續）截至2023年及2022年12月31日止年度，康寶華先生的薪酬由控股股東控制的公司承擔。

截至2023年12月31日止年度及截至2022年7月1日至2022年12月31日止六個月期間，王昊先生的薪酬由控股股東控制的公司承擔。

哈剛先生於2024年1月17日獲委任為獨立非執行董事，馬明輝先生於2024年3月6日辭任。

164 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）9 INDIVIDUALSWITHHIGHESTEMOLUMENTSOf the five individuals with the highest emoluments, none (2022: none) of them are directors of the Company. The aggregate of the emoluments in respect of the other five (2022: five) individuals are as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Salaries, allowances and benefits in kind薪金、津貼及實物福利6,4695,981Discretionary bonuses酌情花紅2,1402,272Retirement scheme contributions退休計劃供款6328539,2419,106The emoluments of the five (2022: five) individuals with the highest emoluments are within the following bands:20232022No. of Individuals人數No. of Individuals人數(In HK$) （港元）1,500,001 — 2,000,0001,500,001至2,000,000312,000,001 — 2,500,0002,000,001至2,500,000232,500,001 — 3,000,0002,500,001至3,000,000 — 110 EARNINGSPERSHARE(a) Basic earnings per shareThe basic earnings per share for the year ended 31 December 2023 is ca lcu lated based on the profit attr ibutable to equity shareholders of the Company of RMB25.3 mi l l ion (2022: RMB72.1 mil l ion) and the weighted average o f 6,208,734,000 o rd i na r y sha res ( 2022 : 6,208,734,000 ordinary shares) in issue during the year ended 31 December 2023.(b) Diluted earnings per shareT h e re w e re n o d i l u t i v e p o t e n t i a l s h a re s outstanding during the years ended 31 December 2023 and 2022. Hence, the diluted earnings per share is the same as basic earnings per share.9最高薪酬人士五名最高薪酬人士中，無人（2022年：無）為本公司董事。

其他五名人士（2022年：五名）的薪酬總額如下：五名（2022年：五名）最高薪酬人士的薪酬介乎以下範圍：10每股盈利(a)每股基本盈利截至2023年12月31日止年度每股基本盈利根據本公司股東應佔利潤人民幣25.3百萬元（2022年：人民幣72.1百萬元）及於截至2023年12月31日止年度已發行加權平均數6,208,734,000股普通股（2022年：6,208,734,000股普通股）。

(b)每股攤薄盈利於截至2023年及2022年12月31日止年度概無具潛在攤薄效應的股份發行在外。

因此，每股攤薄盈利與每股基本盈利相同。

165遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）11 PROPERTY, PLANTANDEQUIPMENTPlant andbuildingsMachineryandequipmentMotorvehiclesand otherequipment Total廠房及樓宇機器及設備汽車及其他設備總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Cost:成本：At 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日388,497380,684155,796924,977Exchange adjustments匯兌調整414801,3491,843Additions添置51,37927448652,139Disposals出售(20,894) (3,451) (4,627) (28,972)At 31 December 2022 and 1 January 2023於2022年12月31日及2023年1月1日419,396377,587153,004949,987Exchange adjustments匯兌調整80572,4642,601Additions添置94,2638687695,225Disposals出售(40,141) (1,802) (3,495) (45,438)At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日473,598375,928152,8491,002,375Accumulated depreciation:累計折舊：At 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日(165,372) (304,373) (142,056) (611,801)Exchange adjustments匯兌調整(139) (69) (1,355) (1,563)Charge for the year年內折舊(9,074) (14,344) (2,311) (25,729)Written back on disposals出售撥回2,1332,9574,1909,280At 31 December 2022 and 1 January 2023於2022年12月31日及2023年1月1日(172,452) (315,829) (141,532) (629,813)Exchange adjustments匯兌調整(79) (57) (2,386) (2,522)Charge for the year年內折舊(12,296) (11,935) (1,358) (25,589)Written back on disposals出售撥回2,7601,0762,6976,533At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日(182,067) (326,745) (142,579) (651,391)Net book value:賬面淨值：At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日291,53149,18310,270350,984At 31 December 2022於2022年12月31日246,94461,75811,472320,174At 31 December 2023, property certificates of certain properties with an aggregate net book value of RMB53.2 million (31 December 2022: RMB55.5 million) are yet to be obtained.11物業、廠房及設備於2023年12月31日，若干總賬面淨值為人民幣53.2百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣55.5百萬元）的物業尚未取得物業證書。

166 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）12 RIGHT-OF-USEASSETSThe analysis of the net book value of the Group’s right-of-use assets, carried at depreciated cost, by class of underlying asset is as follows:Prepayment for land use right for own useProperties leased for own use Total自用土地使用權預付款自用租賃物業總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Note (i) Note (ii)附註(i)附註(ii)Cost:成本：At 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日283,08518,470301,555Exchange adjustments匯兌調整— 724724Additions添置— 18,73018,730Expiration of lease terms租賃期滿— (20,758) (20,758)At 31 December 2022 and 1 January 2023於2022年12月31日及2023年1月1日283,08517,166300,251Exchange adjustments匯兌調整— 2,7772,777Additions添置— 33,21633,216Expiration of lease terms租賃期滿— (29,639) (29,639)At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日283,08523,520306,605Accumulated amortisation:累計攤銷：At 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日(69,054) (11,467) (80,521)Exchange adjustments匯兌調整— (686) (686)Charge for the year年內折舊(5,836) (21,052) (26,888)Expiration of lease terms租賃期滿— 20,75820,758At 31 December 2022 and 1 January 2023於2022年12月31日及2023年1月1日(74,890) (12,447) (87,337)Exchange adjustments匯兌調整— (1,048) (1,048)Charge for the year年內折舊(5,840) (26,578) (32,418)Expiration of lease terms租賃期滿— 29,63929,639(80,730) (10,434) (91,164)At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日Net book value:賬面淨值：At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日202,35513,086215,441At 31 December 2022於2022年12月31日208,1954,719212,91412使用權資產本集團按標的資產類別使用權資產的賬面淨值（折舊成本列示）分析如下：167遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）12 RIGHT-OF-USEASSETS (continued)Notes:(i) Prepayment for land use right for own use represented land use right premiums paid by the Group for land situated in the PRC. The remaining lease terms falls within the ranges of 34 years to 43 years. Lump sum payments were made upfront to acquire these land use rights, and there are no ongoing payments to be made under the terms of the land lease.(ii) The Group has obtained the right to use the properties as its production plant or offices or dormitory for staff through tenancy agreements. The leases typically run for an initial period of 1 to 8 years.Some leases include an option to renew the lease for an additional period after the end of the contract term. Where practicable, the Group seeks to include such extension options exercisable by the Group to provide operational f lexibi l ity. The Group assesses at lease commencement date whether it is reasonably certain to exercise the extension options. If the Group is not reasonably certain to exercise the extension options, the future lease payments during the extension periods are not included in the measurement of lease liabilities. For existing leases as 31 December 2022 and 31 December 2023, the Group is not reasonably certain to exercise any extension options therefore did not include future lease payments during the extension periods in the measurement of lease liabilities.The Group do not have leases which contains variable lease payment.The analysis of expense items in relation to leases recognised in profit or loss is as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Depreciation charge of right-of-use assets使用權資產折舊32,41826,888Interest on lease liabilities (Note 6(a))租賃負債利息（附註6(a)） 74045512使用權資產（續）附註：(i)自用土地使用權預付款是指本集團為位於中國的土地支付的土地使用權溢價。

剩餘租賃期限在34年至43年之間。

一次性預付款是為獲得這些土地使用權前支付的，而且根據土地租賃條款，沒有進行中的付款。

(ii)本集團已通過租賃協議獲得物業使用權，作為其生產工廠或辦公室或職工宿舍。

租賃期一般為1至8年。

有些租賃包括在合同期結束後將租約延長一段時間的選擇權。

在可行的情況下，本集團力求納入本集團可行使的延展期權，以提供經營靈活性。

本集團於租賃開始日期評估是否有合理把握行使延期選擇權。

如果本集團不能合理確定是否行使延期選擇權，則延期期間的未來租賃付款不包括在租賃負債的計量中。

對於截至2022年12月31日和2023年12月31日的現有租賃，本集團無法合理確定是否行使任何延期選擇權，因此在租賃負債計量中未將延期期間的未來租賃付款包括在內。

本集團沒有包含可變租賃付款的租賃。

與計入損益的租賃相關的費用項目分析如下：168 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）12 RIGHT-OF-USEASSETS (continued)Details of total cash outflow for leases and the maturity analysis of lease liabilities are set out in Notes 19(c) and 24, respectively. There is no lease that is not yet commenced as at 31 December 2023.13 INVESTMENTPROPERTIESRMB’000人民幣千元Cost:成本：At 1 January 2022,31 December 2022, 1 January 2023 and 31 December 2023於2022年1月1日、2022年12月31日、2023年1月1日及2023年12月31日47,926Accumulated amortisation:累計攤銷：At 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日(14,820)Charge for the year年內攤銷(1,200)At 31 December 2022 and 1 January 2023於2022年12月31日及2023年1月1日(16,020)Charge for the year年內攤銷(1,200)At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日(17,220)Net book value:賬面淨值：At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日30,706At 31 December 2022於2022年12月31日31,90612使用權資產（續）租賃現金流出總額及租賃負債的到期分析詳情分別列載於附註19(c)及24。

截至2023年12月31日，沒有尚未開始的租賃。

13投資物業169遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）13 INVESTMENTPROPERTIES (continued)Note:(i) The Group leases out investment properties under operating leases. The leases typically run for an initial period of 6 to 8 years, with an option to renew the lease after that date at which time all terms are renegotiated. Lease payments are usually increased annually to reflect market rentals. None of the leases includes variable lease payments.Undiscounted lease payments under non-cancellable operating leases in place at the reporting date will be receivable by the Group in future periods as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Within 1 year一年內10,44410,418After 1 year but within 5 years一年後但五年內27,46037,90437,90448,322(ii) The investment properties owned by the Group are situated in the PRC. The fair value under income approach of the investment property at 31 December 2023 is RMB103.8 mi l l ion (31 December 2022: RMB102.6 million).13投資物業（續）附註：(i)本集團以經營租賃方式出租投資性房地產。

租賃期通常為6至8年，並附有選擇權在重新磋商所有條款時重續租賃。

租賃付款通常每年增加一次，以反映市場租金。

所有租賃均不包括可變租賃付款。

本集團在未來期間將收取不可撤銷經營租賃的租賃付款在報告日期下的未貼現值，如下所示：(ii)本集團擁有的投資物業位於中國。

該投資物業在2023年12月31日的公允價值收益法下為人民幣103.8百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣102.6百萬元）。

170 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）14 INVESTMENTSINSUBSIDIARIESThe fo l lowing l ist contains only the part iculars of subsidiaries which principally affected the results, assets or liabilities of the Group.Proportion of ownership interest擁有權益比例Place of Particulars of Theestablishment/ registered/ Group’s Held incorporation issued and effective by the Held by PrincipalName of subsidiary and business paid-up capital interest Company subsidiaries activities成立╱註冊成立註冊╱已發行及本集團之由本公司由附屬附屬公司名稱及營業地點繳足股本詳情實際權益持有公司持有主要業務Shenyang Yuanda Aluminium Industry Engineering Co., Ltd. (“Shenyang Yuanda”)*瀋陽遠大鋁業工程有限公司* （「瀋陽遠大」）The PRC中國United States Dollar (“USD”) 323,298,200 323,298,200美元（「美元」）100% — 100% Design, procurement, production, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、生產、銷售及安裝幕牆系統Yuanda (UK) Co., Ltd.遠大英國有限公司United Kingdom英國500,000 shares 500,000股100% — 100% Design, procurement, assembly, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、組裝、銷售及安裝幕牆系統Yuanda Australia Pty Ltd.遠大澳大利亞有限公司Australia澳洲14,020,000 shares 14,020,000股100% — 100% Design, procurement, assembly, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、組裝、銷售及安裝幕牆系統Yuanda USACorporation遠大美國有限公司United States of America美國10,000 shares 10,000股100% — 100% Design, procurement, assembly, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、組裝、銷售及安裝幕牆系統Yuanda Aluminium Engineering (India) Private Limited (“Yuanda India”)遠大鋁業工程（印度）私人有限公司（「遠大印度」）Republic of India (“India”)印度共和國（「印度」）2,858,340 shares 2,858,340股100% — 100% Design, procurement, assembly, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、組裝、銷售及安裝幕牆系統Yuanda Europe Ltd.遠大欧洲有限公司Swiss Confederation瑞士聯邦1,000,000 shares 1,000,000股100% — 100% Design, procurement, assembly, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、組裝、銷售及安裝幕牆系統14於附屬公司之投資下表僅列出對本集團的業績、資產或負債有重大影響之附屬公司資料。

171遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）14 INVESTMENTSINSUBSIDIARIES (continued)Proportion of ownership interest擁有權益比例Place of Particulars of Theestablishment/ registered/ Group’s Held incorporation issued and effective by the Held by PrincipalName of subsidiary and business paid-up capital interest Company subsidiaries activities成立╱註冊成立註冊╱已發行及本集團之由本公司由附屬附屬公司名稱及營業地點繳足股本詳情實際權益持有公司持有主要業務PT. Shenyang Yuanda Aluminium Industry Engineering遠大鋁業工程印尼有限公司Republic of Indonesia印度尼西亞共和國150,000 shares 150,000股99% — 99% Design, procurement, assembly, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、組裝、銷售及安裝幕牆系統Yuanda Queensland Pty Ltd.遠大昆士蘭有限公司Australia澳洲800,000 shares 800,000股100% — 100% Design, procurement, assembly, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、組裝、銷售及安裝幕牆系統Yuanda VICPty Ltd.遠大維多利亞有限公司Australia澳洲1 share 1股100% — 100% Design, procurement, assembly, sale and installation of curtain wall systems設計、採購、組裝、銷售及安裝幕牆系統* This company is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise established in the Chinese Mainland.The equity interests of certain immaterial subsidiaries were held on trust by local individuals on behalf of the Group.14於附屬公司之投資（續）*該公司為於中國內地成立的外商獨資企業。

若干非重大附屬公司的權益由當地的人士以信託的形式代本集團持有。

172 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）15 INVENTORIESANDOTHERCONTRACTCOSTS20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Raw materials原材料205,073295,321Work in progress在製品57,63620,450Less: write-down of inventories減：存貨撇減(3,516) (4,906)259,193310,865The incremental costs of obtaining a contract are recognised in “selling expenses” in the statement of profit or loss in the period in which the amounts were incurred as the amount is not significant.(a) The ana lys is o f the amount o f inventor ies recognised as an expense and included in the consolidated statement of profit or loss during the year is as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Carrying amount of inventories used in construction contracts用於建築合同的存貨賬面值2,053,2552,875,676Write-down of inventories存貨撇減9145892,054,1692,876,26515存貨及其他合同成本獲得合同的增量成本在金額發生期間於損益表中的「銷售費用」中確認，該金額不重要。

(a)於年內確認為開支並計入合併損益表內的存貨金額分析如下：173遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）16 CONTRACTASSETSANDCONTRACT LIABILITIES(a) Contract assets20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Contract assets合同資產Arising from performance under construction contracts建築合同下履約產生1,651,7212,445,823Less: loss allowance減：虧損撥備(463,233) (828,865)1,188,4881,616,958All of the amounts are expected to be billed within one year from the end of the reporting period, except for the amounts of RMB103.6 million at 31 December 2023 (31 December 2022: RMB107.5 million) related to retentions receivable (net of loss allowance) which are expected to be recovered over one year.The Group’s construct ion contracts include payment schedules which require stage payments over the construction period once milestones are reached, these payment schedules prevent the build-up of significant contract assets. The Group typically agrees to a one to five years retention per iod after the complet ion of construct ion contracts, depending on the market practice in the countries where construction contracts are carried out and credit assessment performed by management on an individual customer basis.16合同資產及合同負債(a)合同資產所有款項預期於報告期後一年內開出賬單，於2023年12月31日與應收質保金（扣除虧損撥備）相關的金額預計為人民幣103.6百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣107.5百萬元）預期於一年以後收回。

本集團建築合同包括建築期間要求分階段付款的付款日程（一旦進程達標），此等付款日程防止積聚重大合同資產。

視乎開展建築合同所在國家的建築業市場慣例及管理層按單獨客戶基準進行的信貸評估，本集團通常同意於完成建築合同後為期一至五年的保留期。

174 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）16 CONTRACTASSETSANDCONTRACT LIABILITIES (continued)(a) Contract assets (continued)The amount of revenue recognised during the year from performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods is RMB110.3 million (2022: RMB28.0 million), mainly due to the changes in estimate of the stage of completion of certain construction contracts and approved contract modifications.(b) Contract liabilities20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Contract liabilities合同負債Construction contracts建築合同— Billings in advance of performance—履約前開出賬單508,569495,830All of the contract liabilities are expected to be recognised as revenue within one year.When the Group receives a deposit before the construction activity commences this will give rise to contract liabilities at the start of a contract, unt i l the revenue recognised on the project exceeds the amount of the deposit.16合同資產及合同負債（續） (a)合同資產（續）年內就於過往期間達成（或部分達成）履約保證確認的收入金額為人民幣110.3百萬元（2022年：人民幣28.0百萬元），主要由於若干建築合同及經批准合同修訂的估計完工階段發生變動所致。

(b)合同負債所有合同負債預期於一年內確認為收入。

倘本集團於建築活動開始前收到按金，則此將於合同開始時產生合同負債，直至就項目確認的收入超過按金金額。

175遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）16 CONTRACTASSETSANDCONTRACT LIABILITIES (continued)(b) Contract liabilities (continued)Movements in contract liabilities20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Balance at 1 January於1月1日之結餘495,830514,899Decrease in contract liabilities as a result of recognising revenue during the year that was included in the contract liabilities at the beginning of the year年內因確認收入產生的合同負債（年初計入合同負債） 減少(189,316) (244,046)Increase in contract liabilities as a result of billing and receipt in advance of construction activities and recognising revenue during the year建築活動開出單據及預收款項及本年度確認收入產生的合同負債增加202,055224,977Balance at 31 December於12月31日之結餘508,569495,83016合同資產及合同負債（續） (b)合同負債（續）合同負債的變動176 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）17 TRADEANDBILLSRECEIVABLES20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Trade receivables for contract work due from:合同工程貿易應收款：— third parties —第三方3,279,2663,249,339— companies under the control of the Controlling Shareholder—受控股股東控制的公司186,027179,5603,465,2933,428,899Bills receivable for contract work合同工程應收票據126,012115,715Trade receivables for sale of raw materials due from:銷售材料貿易應收款：— third parties —第三方4,4274,446— companies under the control of the Controlling Shareholder—受控股股東控制的公司2,2841,7016,7116,1473,598,0163,550,761Less: loss allowance減：虧損撥備(2,068,785) (1,916,328)Financial assets measured at amortised cost按攤銷成本計量的金融資產1,529,2311,634,433A t 31 December 2023, the amount of retent ions receivable from customers included in trade and bills receivables (net of loss allowance) is RMB325.3 million (31 December 2022: RMB398.9 million).Except for retentions receivable (net of loss allowance) of RMB110.7 million at 31 December 2023 (31 December 2022: RMB87.2 million), all of the remaining trade and bills receivables are expected to be recovered within one year.17貿易應收款及應收票據於2023年12月31日，應收客戶保留金（扣除虧損撥備）為人民幣325.3百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣398.9百萬元）。

除於2023年12月31日人民幣110.7百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣87.2百萬元）的應收保留金（扣除虧損撥備）外，其餘所有貿易應收款及應收票據預期於一年內收回。

177遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）17 TRADEANDBILLSRECEIVABLES (continued)Ageing analysisAs of the end of the reporting period, the ageing analysis of trade and bills receivables, based on the invoice date and net of loss allowance, is as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Within 1 year一年內265,020241,9841 to 2 years一至二年64,200122,224More than 2 years超過兩年1,200,0111,270,2251,529,2311,634,433The Group general ly requires customers to sett le progress billings and retentions receivable in accordance with contracted terms. Further details on the Group’s credit policy and credit risk arising from trade debtors and bills receivable are set out in Note 29(a).17貿易應收款及應收票據（續）賬齡分析截至報告期末，貿易應收款及應收票據（扣除虧損撥備）按發票日期的賬齡分析如下：本集團通常要求客戶根據合約條款結算進度款項及應收保留金。

有關本集團信貸政策以及應收賬款及應收票據產生的信貸風險的進一步詳情載於附註29(a)。

178 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）18 DEPOSITS, PREPAYMENTSANDOTHER RECEIVABLES20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Prepayments for purchase of inventories (Note (i))購買存貨預付款（附註(i)） 225,041314,897Prepayment for miscellaneous taxes雜稅預付款31,69535,637256,736350,534Derivative financial instruments衍生金融工具— other derivatives —其他衍生工具7009,549Deposits for construction contracts’ bidding and performance (Note (ii))建築合同投標及履約按金（附註(ii)）— third parties —第三方123,314130,584— companies under the control of the Controlling Shareholder—受控股股東控制的公司6,4536,897Other deposits其他按金33,38430,217Others其他48,71861,545Subtotal小計211,869229,243Less: loss allowance減：虧損撥備(11,581) (65,336)200,288163,907457,724523,990Notes:(i) Included in the balance are prepayments of RMB3.5 mil l ion at 31 December 2023 (31 December 2022: RMB3.7 mill ion) made to the companies under the control of the Controlling Shareholder.(ii) The ba lance represen ted depos i t s p laced w i th customers for contracts’ bidding and performance of contracts in progress. The deposits will be released to the Group upon the completion of the related bidding or contract work, where applicable.Except for the deposits for construction contracts’ performance and the amounts of RMBNil at 31 December 2023 related to derivative financial assets based on contractual undiscounted cash flows (31 December 2022: RMB1.7 million), all of the remaining deposits, prepayments and other receivables are expected to be recovered or recognised as expenses within one year.18按金、預付款及其他應收款附註：(i)該結餘包括於2023年12月31日人民幣3.5百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣3.7百萬元）的向受控股股東控制的公司作出的預付款。

(ii)該結餘指就在建合同的合同投標及履約向客戶支付的按金。

該等按金將於相關投標及合同工程（如適用）完工後發回本集團。

除於2023年12月31日的建築合同履約按金及截至2023年12月31日基於合同未貼現現金流的衍生金融資產為人民幣零（2022年12月31日：人民幣1.7百萬元）外，其餘所有按金、預付款及其他應收款預期將於一年內收回或確認為開支。

179遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）19 RESTRICTEDDEPOSITS, CASHANDCASH EQUIVALENTSANDOTHERCASHFLOW INFORMATION(a) Cash on hand and in bank comprise:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Cash and cash equivalents in the consolidated cash flow statement合併現金流量表中的現金和現金等價物274,515219,455Restricted deposits with bank (Note)受限制性銀行存款（附註）275,635644,699Frozen bank deposits凍結銀行存款45,35156,445320,986701,144Total cash on hand and in bank手頭現金及銀行存款總額595,501920,599Note:附註：Restricted deposits comprise限制性存款包括— restricted deposits to secure the performance and retentions of construction contracts—作為建築合同履約及保留金抵押的受限制存款116,924162,284— restricted deposits to secure bank bills—為銀行票據提供擔保的限制性存款10,71015,365— restricted time deposits to secure the bank bills—作為銀行票據提供擔保的限制性定期存款30,000280,000— restricted deposits for issuance of letters of credit and other borrowings from financial institutions—作為開立信用證及金融機構其他借款的限制性存款115,001174,050— restricted time deposits for issuance of letter of credit—作為開立信用證的限制性定期存款— 10,000— other time deposits with original maturity of over 3 months—其他初始存期超過3個月的銀行定期存款3,0003,000275,635644,699The Group’s business operations in Chinese Mainland are conducted in RMB. RMB is not a freely convertible currency and the remittance of funds out of Chinese Mainland is subject to the exchange restrictions imposed by the PRC government.19限制性存款，現金及現金等價物及其他現金流資料(a)手頭現金及銀行存款包括：本集團的中國內地業務以人民幣計值。

人民幣乃不可自由兌換的貨幣，匯出中國內地的資金受中國政府實施的外匯管制所規限。

180 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）19 RESTRICTEDDEPOSITS, CASHANDCASH EQUIVALENTSANDOTHERCASHFLOW INFORMATION (continued)(b) Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activitiesBank loansBorrowings from the ControllingShareholder and the companiesunder hiscontrolOther borrowings from financial institutionLeaseliabilitiesDiscountedbills andletters of creditInterest payable Total銀行貸款來自控股股東及受其控制的公司之借款來自金融機構的其他借款租賃負債貼現票據及信用證應付利息總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元(Note 22) (Note 23) (Note 23) (Note 24) (Note 23) (Note 21)（附註22) （附註23) （附註23) （附註24) （附註23) （附註21)At 1 January 2023於2023年1月1日855,000216,023196,6374,472408,1007,5921,687,824Changes from financing cash flows:融資現金流量變動：Proceeds from new bank loans and other borrowings新增銀行貸款及其他借款所得款803,950109,854139,343 — 125,700 — 1,178,847Repayment of bank loans and other borrowings償還銀行貸款及其他借款(945,000) (168,181) (196,637) — (408,100) — (1,717,918)Capital element of lease rentals paid已付租賃租金之資本部分— — — (25,716) — — (25,716)Interest element of lease rentals paid已付租賃租金之利息部分— — — (740) — — (740)Borrowing costs paid已付借貸成本— — — — — (106,754) (106,754)Total changes from financing cash flows融資現金流量的變動總額(141,050) (58,327) (57,294) (26,456) (282,400) (106,754) (672,281)Other changes:其他變動：Increase in lease liabilities from entering into new leases during the year本年內新签订租賃的租賃負債的增加— — — 33,216 — — 33,216Exchange adjustments匯兌調整— 1,668 — 1,985 — — 3,653Total borrowing costs借貸成本總額— — — 740 — 99,16299,902Total other changes其他變動總額— 1,668 — 35,941 — 99,162136,771At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日713,950159,364139,34313,957125,700 — 1,152,31419限制性存款，現金及現金等價物及其他現金流資料（續） (b)融資活動產生的負債之對賬181遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）19 RESTRICTEDDEPOSITS, CASHANDCASH EQUIVALENTSANDOTHERCASHFLOW INFORMATION (continued)(b) Reconciliation of liabilities arising from financing activities (continued)Bank loansBorrowings from the ControllingShareholder and the companiesunder hiscontrolOther borrowings from financial institutionLeaseliabilitiesDiscountedbills andletters of creditInterest payable Total銀行貸款來自控股股東及受其控制的公司之借款來自金融機構的其他借款租賃負債貼現票據及信用證應付利息總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元(Note 22) (Note 23) (Note 23) (Note 24) (Note 23) (Note 21)（附註22) （附註23) （附註23) （附註24) （附註23) （附註21)At 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日950,000155,423147,6097,1281,202,2157,0122,469,387Changes from financing cash flows:融資現金流量變動：Proceeds from new bank loans and other borrowings新增銀行貸款及其他借款所得款620,0001,139,461196,637 — 408,100 — 2,364,198Repayment of bank loans and other borrowings償還銀行貸款及其他借款(715,000) (1,097,981) (147,609) — (1,202,215) — (3,162,805)Capital element of lease rentals paid已付租賃租金之資本部分— — — (21,570) — — (21,570)Interest element of lease rentals paid已付租賃租金之利息部分— — — (455) — — (455)Borrowing costs paid已付借貸成本— — — — — (98,842) (98,842)Total changes from financing cash flows融資現金流量的變動總額(95,000) 41,48049,028 (22,025) (794,115) (98,842) (919,474)Other changes:其他變動：Increase in lease liabilities from entering into new leases during the year本年內新签订租賃的租賃負債的增加— — — 18,730 — — 18,730Exchange adjustments匯兌調整— 11,315 — 184 — — 11,499Total borrowing costs借貸成本總額— 7,805 — 455 — 99,422107,682Total other changes其他變動總額— 19,120 — 19,369 — 99,422137,911At 31 December 2022於2022年12月31日855,000216,023196,6374,472408,1007,5921,687,82419限制性存款，現金及現金等價物及其他現金流資料（續） (b)融資活動產生的負債之對賬（續）182 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）19 RESTRICTEDDEPOSITS, CASHANDCASH EQUIVALENTSANDOTHERCASHFLOW INFORMATION (continued)(c) Total cash outflow for leasesAmounts included in the cash flow statement for leases comprise the following. All these amounts relate to lease rentals paid.20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Within financing cash flows於融資現金流中(26,456) (22,025)(d) Major non-cash transactionDur ing the year ended 31 December 2023, the Group acquired the properties of RMB94.3 million by settling the trade receivables (net of loss allowance) from the counterparties (2022: RMB51.4 million).19限制性存款，現金及現金等價物及其他現金流資料（續） (c)租賃現金流出總額該款項於現金流量表中租賃中構成如下。

所有該款項與租賃租金支付相關。

(d)重大非現金交易截至2023年12月31日止年度，本集團以結算貿易應收款（扣除虧損備抵）的方式自交易對手收購人民幣94.3百萬元的物業（2022年：人民幣51.4百萬元）。

183遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）20 TRADEANDBILLSPAYABLES20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Trade payables for purchase of inventories due to:應付以下的購買存貨貿易應付款：— third parties —第三方951,1041,105,141— companies under the control of the Controlling Shareholder—受控股股東控制的公司5,2084,893956,3121,110,034Trade payables due to sub-contractors應付分包商貿易應付款607,476659,271Bills payable應付票據9,38670,469Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost按攤銷成本計量的金融負債1,573,1741,839,774All of the trade and bills payables are expected to be settled within one year or are repayable on demand.As of the end of the reporting period, the ageing analysis of trade and bills payables, based on the maturity date, is as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Within 1 month or on demand一個月內或按要求1,568,3021,787,216More than 1 month but less than 3 months超過一個月但少於三個月2,05038,353More than 3 months超過三個月2,82214,2051,573,1741,839,77420貿易應付款及應付票據所有貿易應付款及應付票據預期於一年內清償或須按要求償還。

於報告期末，貿易應付款及應付票據按到期日的賬齡分析如下：184 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）21 ACCRUEDEXPENSESANDOTHERPAYABLES20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Payables for staff related costs應付員工相關成本117,372120,097Payables for transportation and insurance expenses應付運輸及保險開支9,20833,578Payables for interest expenses應付利息開支— 7,592Payables for construction and purchase of property, plant and equipment建築及購買物業、廠房及設備應付款11,08311,877Deposits from sub-contractors分包商支付的按金44,43842,139Deposits from suppliers for contracts’ bidding and performance供貨商支付的合同投標及履約按金13,52114,516Amounts due to the Controlling Shareholder and the companies under his control (Note (i))應付控股股東及受其控制的公司款項（附註(i)）1,7211,721Lease liabilities (Note 24)租賃負債（附註24） 4,8632,540Others其他46,29239,254Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost按攤銷成本計量的金融負債248,498273,314Payables for miscellaneous taxes應付雜稅38,60685,904Derivative financial instruments:衍生金融工具：— other derivatives —其他衍生工具— 999Provision for outstanding legal claims未償付法律索償撥備51,61222,543338,716382,760Note:(i) The amounts are unsecured, non-interest bearing and have no fixed terms of repayment.All of the accrued expenses and other payables are expected to be settled or recognised in profit or loss within one year or are repayable on demand.21應計開支及其他應付款附註：(i)該款項屬無抵押、不計息及無固定還款期。

所有應計開支及其他應付款預期將於1年內清償或於損益表確認或按要求償還。

185遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）22 BANKLOANS(a) The Group’s short-term bank loans are analysed as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Guaranteed by the Controlling Shareholder and a company under his control and/or pledged by securities of a company under the control of the Controlling Shareholder以控股股東及受其控制的公司擔保及╱或以由受控股股東控制的公司的證券作抵押269,950270,000Secured by property, plant and equipment and land use rights of the Group and pledged by securities of a company under the control of the Controlling Shareholder (Note 22(b))以本集團的物業、廠房及設備及土地使用權作抵押及以由受控股股東控制的公司的證券作抵押（附註22(b)）314,000485,000Secured by property, plant and equipment and land use rights of the Group and pledged by securities of a company under the control of the Controlling Shareholder (Note 22(b))以本集團的物業、廠房及設備及土地使用權作抵押及以由受控股股東控制的公司的證券作抵押（附註22(b)）— 100,000Secured by property, plant and equipment and land use rights of the Group, and guaranteed by companies under the control of the Controlling Shareholder and/or pledged by the trade receivables of the Group (Note 22(b))以本集團的物業、廠房及設備以及土地使用權作抵押，並由控股股東控制的公司擔保及╱或以本集團的貿易應收款作抵押（附註22 (b)）130,000 —713,950855,00022銀行貸款(a)本集團的短期銀行貸款分析如下：186 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）22 BANKLOANS (continued)(b) At 31 December 2023, the aggregate carrying value of the property, plant and equipment and land use rights pledged for the Group’s bank loans is RMB350.4 million (31 December 2022: RMB358.0 million), and the aggregate carrying value of the trade receivables and contract assets pledged for the Group’s bank loan is RMB10.7 million (31 December 2022: RMBNil).(c) At 31 December 2023, the Group’s banking facilities amounted to RMB1,560.0 million (31 December 2022: RMB1,210.0 mi l l ion) were utilised to the extent of RMB405.7 million (31 December 2022: RMB861.0 million).(d) Certain of the Group’s bank loans are subject to the fulfilment of covenants commonly found in lending arrangements with financial institutions. If the Group were to breach the covenants, the loans would become payable on demand. The Group regularly monitors its compliance with these covenants. Further details of the Group’s management of l iqu id i ty r isk are set out in Note 29(b). At 31 December 2023, none of the covenants relating to the bank loans had been breached (31 December 2022: None).22銀行貸款（續）(b)於2023年12月31日，就本集團的銀行貸款已抵押的物業、廠房及設備、土地使用權的總賬面值為人民幣350.4百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣358.0百萬元），及本集團銀行貸款質押的貿易應收款賬面值及合同資產賬面值合計為人民幣10.7百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣零）。

(c)於2023年12月31日，本集團的銀行融資額度為人民幣1,560.0百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣1,210.0百萬元），已動用人民幣405.7百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣861.0百萬元）。

(d)本集團的若干銀行貸款一般須達成與金融機構訂立的貸款安排中的契諾後方可作實。

如本集團違反契諾，則須應要求償還貸款。

本集團定期監管是否遵守有關契諾。

本集團管理流動資金風險的進一步詳情載於附註29(b)。

於2023年12月31日，概無違反任何與銀行貸款有關的契諾（2022年12月31日：無）。

187遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）23 OTHERBORROWINGS20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Borrowings from the Controlling Shareholder and the companies under his contorl (Note(i))來自控股股東以及受其控制 的公司的借款（附註(i)）159,364216,023Discounted bills and letters of credit (Note (ii))貼現票據及信用證（附註(ii)）125,700408,100Other borrowings from financial institution (Note (iii))來自金融機構的其他借款（附註(iii)） 139,343196,637424,407820,760Notes:i. The amounts are unsecured, with fixed interest rate of 4.28% and repayable within one year. ii. All of the discounted bills and letters of credit are with fixed interest rate of 1.42%~2.20%, and expected to be settled within one year.iii. The amounts are with fixed interest rate of 1.96%, and repayable within one year.23其他借款附註：i.該等款項屬無抵押、按固定利率4.28%計息及於一年內償還。

ii.所有貼現票據、信用證固定利率為1.42%~2.20%，預計一年內結算。

iii.金額為固定利率，固定利率為1.96%，一年內還清。

188 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）24 LEASELIABILITIESAt 31 December 2023, the lease l iab i l i t ies were repayable as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Within 1 year一年內4,8632,540After 1 year but within 2 years一年後但二年內2,668543After 2 years but within 5 years二年後但五年內6,4261,3899,0941,93213,9574,47225 INCOMETAXINTHECONSOLIDATED STATEMENTOFFINANCIALPOSITION(a) Movements of current taxation in the consolidated statement of financial position are as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Income tax payable at 1 January於1月1日的應付所得稅254,427241,356Exchange adjustments匯兌調整3,8263,825Provision for income tax on the estimated taxable profits for the year (Note 7(a))年內估計應課稅利潤的所得稅撥備（附註7(a)） — 13,012Income tax paid during the year年內已付所得稅(20,050) (4,788)Income tax refunded所得稅退款1,4041,022Income tax payable at 31 December於12月31日的應付所得稅239,607254,42724租賃負債於2023年12月31日，租賃負債的償還情況如下：25合併財務狀況表內的所得稅(a)合併財務狀況表內的即期稅項變動如下：189遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）25 INCOMETAXINTHECONSOLIDATED STATEMENTOFFINANCIALPOSITION (continued)(b) Deferred tax assets recognised:T h e c o m p o n e n t s o f d e f e r r e d t a x a s s e t s recognised in the consolidated statement of financial position and the movements during the year are as follows:Unusedtax lossesDepreciationallowances in excessof the relateddepreciationand governmentgrants andrelateddepreciationWrite-downof inventoriesLossallowanceon trade and other receivables and contract assetsProvision forwarranties,andlegal claimsRemeasurementof the fair value of derivative financial instruments Total未動用稅項虧損超過有關折舊的折舊免稅額以及政府補貼及有關折舊存貨撇減貿易及其他應收款以及合同資產的虧損撥備保修及法律索償撥備重新計量衍生金融工具的公允價值總計Deferred tax arising from: RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000因下列各項產生的遞延稅項：人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元At 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日43,95914,514671270,18629,186 (8,893) 349,623Exchange adjustments匯兌調整829 — — 23181 — 1,033(Charged)/credited to the consolidated statement of profit or loss (Note 7(a))於合併損益表中（扣除）╱計入（附註7(a)） (26,892) 144 — 3,723 (439) — (23,464)At 31 December 2022 and 1 January 2023於2022年12月31日及2023年1月1日17,89614,658671273,93228,928 (8,893) 327,192Exchange adjustments匯兌調整— — — 143 — — 143(Charged)/credited to the consolidated statement of profit or loss (Note 7(a))於合併損益表中（扣除）╱計入（附註7(a)） — (723) (142) (1,678) (785) 8,7875,459At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日17,89613,935529272,39728,143 (106) 332,79425合併財務狀況表內的所得稅（續） (b)已確認遞延稅項資產：於合併財務狀況表確認的遞延稅項資產的組成部分及年內變動如下：190 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）25 INCOMETAXINTHECONSOLIDATED STATEMENTOFFINANCIALPOSITION (continued)(c) Deferred tax assets not recognisedIn accordance with the accounting policy set out in Note 2(r), the Group has not recognised deferred tax assets in respect of unused tax losses and deductible temporary differences arising from certain subsidiaries of the Group of RMB2,332.2 million at 31 December 2023 (31 December 2022: RMB2,348.1 million), as it is not probable that future taxable profits against which the losses can be utilised will be available in the relevant tax jurisdiction and entity. Except for the amount of RMB712.6 million which will not expire under the relevant tax legislation, the remaining unused tax losses at 31 December 2023 wil l expire on or before 31 December 2028.(d) Deferred tax liabilities not recognisedAt 31 December 2023, temporary differences relating to the retained profits of the Group’s subsidiaries established in the PRC amounted to RMBNil, of which no deferred tax liabilities in respect of the tax that would be payable on the distribution of these profits was provided as the Company controls the dividend policy of these subsidiaries and it has been determined that it is probable that such profits will not be distributed in the foreseeable future.25合併財務狀況表內的所得稅（續） (c)未確認遞延稅項資產根據附註2(r)所載的會計政策，本集團並未就2023年12月31日自本集團若干附屬公司產生的未動用稅項虧損及可扣減暫時差額人民幣2,332.2百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣2,348.1百萬元）確認遞延稅項資產，原因是有關稅務司法權區及實體於未來不可能有應課稅利潤用以抵銷可動用的虧損。

除人民幣712.6百萬元不會在有關稅務法律下屆滿，餘下於2023年12月31日的未動用稅務虧損將於2028年12月31日或以前屆滿。

(d)未確認遞延稅項負債於2023年12月31日，有關本集團於中國成立的附屬公司的保留利潤的暫時差額為人民幣零元，由於本公司控制該等附屬公司的股息政策，且已釐定該等溢利可能不會於可見未來分派，故並無就分派該等溢利時應付稅項計提遞延稅項負債。

191遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）26 PROVISIONFORWARRANTIES20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元At 1 January於1月1日237,085225,098Exchange adjustments匯兌調整10,764 (1,186)Additional provisions made已計提額外撥備51,43459,486Provisions utilised已動用撥備(31,438) (46,313)At 31 December於12月31日267,845237,085Less: amounts included as current liabilities at the end of the reporting period減：報告期末包括在流動負債內的金額(62,357) (50,458)205,488186,627Under the terms of the Group’s construction contracts with its customers, the Group will rectify any defects ar is ing wi th in one to ten years f rom the date o f completion of the construction contracts, as required by industry regulations in respective jurisdictions and depending on the terms negotiated with each customer. Provision is therefore made for the best estimate of the expected settlement under these construction contracts in respect of construction contracts completed within one to ten years prior to the end of the reporting period. The amount of provision takes into account the Group’s recent claim experience and is only made where a warranty claim is probable.26保修撥備根據本集團與其客戶訂立的建築合同條款，本集團將會根據於各司法權區的行業規例所規定及視乎與各客戶磋商的條款，修正任何於建築合同完工的日期起一至十年內產生的缺陷。

因此，撥備乃就報告期末前一至十年內完成的建築合同而根據該等建築合同的預期結算額的最佳估計而計提。

撥備金額計及本集團近期的申索經驗，並僅於有可能出現保修申索時計提。

192 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）27 CAPITAL, RESERVESANDDIVIDENDS(a) Movements in components of equityThe reconci l iat ion between the opening and closing balances of each component of the Group’s consolidated equity is set out in the consolidated statement of changes in equity. Details of the changes in the Company’s individual components of equity between the beginning and the end of the year are set out below:SharecapitalSharepremiumExchangereserveAccumulatedloss Total股本股份溢價匯兌儲備累計虧損總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元(Note 27(c)) (Note 27(d)(i)) (Note 27(d)(v))（附註27(c)） （附註27(d)(i)） （附註27(d)(v)）At 1 January 2022於2022年1月1日519,723574,047 (43,671) (83,752) 966,347Changes in equity for 2022: 2022年之權益變動：Loss for the year年內虧損— — — (5,573) (5,573)Other comprehensive income其他全面收益— — 50,689 — 50,689Total comprehensive income全面收益總額— — 50,689 (5,573) 45,116At 31 December 2022 and 1 January 2023於2022年12月31日及2023年1月1日519,723574,0477,018 (89,325) 1,011,463Changes in equity for 2023: 2023年之權益變動：Loss for the year年內虧損— — — (313,802) (313,802)Other comprehensive income其他全面收益— — 51,981 — 51,981Total comprehensive income全面收益總額— — 51,981 (313,802) (261,821)At 31 December 2023於2023年12月31日519,723574,04758,999 (403,127) 749,64227資本、儲備及股息(a)權益組成部分變動本集團的合併權益各組成部分的期初及期終結餘的對賬載於合併權益變動表中。

年初至年終期間本公司的個別權益組成部分的變動詳情載列如下：193遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）27 CAPITAL, RESERVESANDDIVIDENDS (continued)(b) Dividends(i) Dividends payable to equity shareholders of the Company attributable to the yearThe directors of the Company do not recommend the payment of a dividend for the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: HK$Nil).(ii) Dividends payable to equity shareholders of the Company attributable to the previous financial year, approved and paid during the yearNo final dividend in respect of the previous financial year has been approved during the year ended 31 December 2023 (2022: HK$Nil).27資本、儲備及股息（續）(b)股息(i)歸屬於年內的應付本公司股東股息本公司董事建議不派付截至2023年12月31日止年度的股息（2022年：零港元）。

(ii)於年內批准及派付的歸屬於上一財政年度的應付本公司股東股息於截至2023年12月31日止年度並無批准有關上一財政年度的末期股息（2022年：零港元）。

194 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）27 CAPITAL, RESERVESANDDIVIDENDS (continued)(c) Share capitalAuthorised and issued share capital:20232022Number of sharesNumber of shares股份數目股份數目’000 HK$’000 ’000 HK$’000千股港幣千元千股港幣千元Authorised:法定股本：At 1 January and 31 December, at HK$0.1 each於1月1日及12月31日，0.1港元╱每股12,000,000,0001,200,00012,000,000,0001,200,00020232022Number of sharesNumber of shares股份數目股份數目’000 RMB’000 ’000 RMB’000千股人民幣千元千股人民幣千元Ordinary shares, issued and fully paid:普通股、已發行及繳足：At 1 January and 31 December於1月1日及12月31日6,208,734519,7236,208,734519,72327資本、儲備及股息（續）(c)股本法定及已發行股本：195遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）27 CAPITAL, RESERVESANDDIVIDENDS (continued)(d) Nature and purpose of reserves(i) Share premiumThe appl icat ion of the share premium account is governed by Section 34 of the Companies Law, Chapter 22 (Law 3 of 1961, as consolidated and revised) of the Cayman Islands.(ii) Shares held under share award scheme The amount represents the consideration paid for shares held under the Share Award Scheme. The Share Award Scheme was terminated on 29 July 2020.(iii) Other reserveThe o ther reserve represents ( i ) the difference between the carrying values of the subsidiaries acquired/disposed and the considerations paid/received under the Group’s reorganisation; (ii) the difference between the carrying values of the non-contro l l ing in terests acqu i red by the Group and the considerations paid; and (i i i) the difference between the carrying value of the net assets acquired and the consideration paid for the acquisition of a business under common control in 2012.27資本、儲備及股息（續）(d)儲備的性質及目的(i)股份溢價動用股份溢價賬受開曼群島公司法第22章（1961年第三項法例，經綜合及修訂）第34條監管。

(ii)根據股份獎勵計劃持有股份該款項為根據股份獎勵計劃持有股份支付的代價。

股份獎勵計劃於2020年7月29日終止。

(iii)其他儲備其他儲備指(i)本集團所重組收購╱處置的附屬公司賬面值與支付╱收取的代價之前的差異；(ii)本集團收購非控制權益的賬面值與支付的代價之間的差異；及(iii)於2012年收購受共同控制業務所收購淨資產賬面值與支付代價之間的差異。

196 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）27 CAPITAL, RESERVESANDDIVIDENDS (continued)(d) Nature and purpose of reserves (continued)(iv) PRC statutory reservesI n a c c o rd a n c e w i t h t h e a r t i c l e s o f associat ion of the subsidiar ies of the Group establ ished in the PRC, these subsidiaries are required to set up certain s t a t u to r y re se r ves , wh i ch a re non -distributable. The appropriation to these reserves is at discretion of the directors of the respective subsidiaries. The PRC statutory reserves can only be utilised for predetermined means upon approval by the relevant authority.In addition, pursuant to the relevant PRC regulations, with effect on 1 January 2012, a reserve for production safety is required to be set up and to be appropr iated at a f ixed rate on the revenue of the subsidiaries of the Group established in the PRC. The reserve can be utilised for expenses or capital expenditures incurred in connection with production safety.(v) Exchange reserveThe exchange reserve comprises foreign exchange differences ar is ing from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations into the presentation currency. The reserve is dealt with in accordance with the accounting policy set out in Note 2(u).27資本、儲備及股息（續）(d)儲備的性質及目的（續）(iv)中國法定儲備根據本集團於中國成立的附屬公司的組織章程細則，該等附屬公司須設立若干不可分派的法定儲備。

向該等儲備的分配由各附屬公司的董事酌情決定。

中國法定儲備僅可用作經相關機關批准的預先釐定用途。

此外，根據自2012年1月1日起生效的相關中國法規，本集團於中國成立的附屬公司須撥付按營業額的固定比例設立安全生產儲備。

該儲備可用作支付有關安全生產而產生的費用或資本開支。

(v)匯兌儲備匯兌儲備包括換算海外業務財務報表為呈列貨幣所產生的外匯差額。

該儲備乃根據附註2(u)所載的會計政策處理。

197遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）27 CAPITAL, RESERVESANDDIVIDENDS (continued)(e) Capital managementThe Group’s primary objectives when managing capita l are to safeguard the Group’s abi l i ty to cont inue as a go ing concern, so that i t can cont inue to prov ide returns for equ i ty shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders, by pricing products and services commensurately with the level of risk and by securing access to finance at a reasonable cost.The Group actively and regularly reviews and manages i ts capita l structure to maintain a balance between the higher equity shareholder returns that might be possible with higher levels of borrowings and the advantages and security afforded by a sound capital position, and makes adjustments to the capital structure in light of changes in economic conditions.The Group monitors its capital structure on the basis of an adjusted net debt-to-capital ratio. For this purpose, the Group defines adjusted net debt as total debt (which includes bank loans, other borrowings, trade and bills payables and lease liabilities) plus unaccrued proposed dividends, l ess cash on hand and in bank . Ad jus ted capital comprises all components of equity less unaccrued proposed dividends.Dur ing 2023, the Group’s s t ra tegy was to maintain the adjusted net debt-to-capital ratio at an acceptable level. In order to maintain or adjust the ratio, the Group may issue new shares, return capital to equity shareholders, raise new debt financing or sell assets to reduce debt.27資本、儲備及股息（續）(e)資本管理本集團管理資本的主要目標為保障本集團繼續持續經營的能力，致使其可透過使產品及服務的定價與風險水平一致及透過按合理成本取得融資繼續為股東提供回報及為其他利益相關者提供利益。

本集團積極及定期檢討及管理其資本結構，以維持以較高借貸水平可能取得的較高股東回報與穩健資本狀況提供的優勢及保障之間取得平衡，並就經濟狀況的變動對資本結構作出調整。

本集團按經調整淨債務與資本比率為基準監督其資本結構。

就此而言，本集團界定經調整淨債務為總債務（其中包括銀行貸款、其他借款、貿易應付款項及應付票據以及租賃負債）加非累計擬派股息，減手頭現金及銀行存款。

經調整資本包括所有權益的組成部分減非累計擬派股息。

於2023年，本集團的政策為嘗試維持經調整淨債務與資本比率於可接受水平。

為維持或調整該項比率，本集團可能會發行新股份、退回資本予股東、籌措新債務融資或出售資產以減少債務。

198 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）27 CAPITAL, RESERVESANDDIVIDENDS (continued)The Group’s adjusted net debt-to-capital ratio at 31 December 2023 and 2022 was as follows:31December2023 31December20222023年12月31日2022年12月31日RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Current liabilities:流動負債：Trade and bills payables貿易應付款及應付票據1,573,1741,839,774Accrued expense and other payables-lease liabilities應計開支及其他應付租賃負債4,8632,540Bank loans銀行貸款713,950855,000Other borrowings其他借款424,407820,7602,716,3943,518,074Non-current liabilities:非流動負債：Lease liabilities租賃負債9,0941,932Total debt債務總額2,725,4883,520,006Less:減：— restricted deposits —限制性存款(320,986) (701,144)— cash and cash equivalents —現金及現金等價物(274,515) (219,455)Adjusted net debt經調整淨債務2,129,9872,599,407Total equity and adjusted capital權益及經調整資本總額884,7001,011,463Adjusted net debt-to-capital ratio經調整淨債務與資本比率241% 257%Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries are subject to externally imposed capital requirements.27資本、儲備及股息（續）於2023年及2022年12月31日的本集團經調整淨債務與資本比率如下：本公司或其任何附屬公司概無受外部施加的資本規定限制。

199遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）28 MATERIALRELATEDPARTYTRANSACTIONSIn addition to the transactions and balances disclosed elsewhere in these financial statements, the material related party transactions entered into by the Group during the year are set out below.(a) Transactions with the Controlling Shareholder and the companies under his control20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Purchase of materials and services購買材料及服務14998Net (decrease)/increase in other borrowings received from related parties從關聯方收取的其他借款（減少）╱增加淨額(56,659) 60,600Sales of raw materials銷售原材料1,7078,796Interest expense from other borrowings其他借款的利息費用6,9067,805Further details on guarantees provided by related parties for the Group’s bank loans are disclosed in Note 22(a).(b) Key management personnel remunerationRemuneration for key management personnel of the Group, including amounts paid to the directors of the Company as disclosed in Note 8, is as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Short-term employee benefits短期僱員福利4,7763,115Retirement schemes contributions退休計劃供款1521814,9283,296Total remuneration is included in “staff costs” (see Note 6(b)).28重大關聯方交易除於此等財務報表其他部分披露的交易及結餘外，本集團於年內訂立的重大關聯方交易載列如下。

(a)與控股股東及受其控制的公司的交易關聯方就本集團銀行貸款提供的擔保的進一步詳情於附註22(a)披露。

(b)主要管理人員薪酬本集團主要管理人員的薪酬，包括向附註8披露的本公司董事支付的款項如下：薪酬總額包含於「員工成本」內（見附註6(b)）。

200 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTSExposure to credit, liquidity, interest rate and currency r isks ar ises in the normal course of the Group’s business.The Group’s exposure to these risks and the financial risk management policies and practices used by the Group to manage these risks are described below.(a) Credit riskCredit risk refers to the risk that a counterparty will default on its contractual obligations resulting in a financial loss to the Group. The Group’s credit risk is primarily attributable to trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets. The Group’s exposure to credit r isk ar is ing f rom cash and cash equiva lents, restr icted deposits, bank acceptance bills receivables and derivative financial assets is limited because the counterparties are banks and financial institutions with high credit standing, for which the Group considers to have low credit risk.The Group does not prov ide any f inanc ia l guarantees which would expose the Group to credit risk.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值本集團承受於日常業務過程中產生的信貸、流動資金、利率及貨幣風險。

下文載述本集團承受的該等風險及本集團使用以管理該等風險的財務風險管理政策及慣例。

(a)信貸風險信貸風險指交易方將違反其合約責任而導致本集團蒙受財務虧損之風險。

本集團的信貸風險主要歸因於貿易應收款、應收商業票據及合同資產。

本集團來自現金及現金等價物、限制性存款、應收銀行承兌匯票及衍生金融資產的信用風險敞口有限，因為交易對手為信譽良好的銀行和金融機構，本集團認為其信用風險較低。

本集團不提供任何可能使本集團面臨信用風險的財務擔保。

201遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(a) Credit risk (continued)Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assetsThe Group’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. However, management also considers the factors that may influence the credit r isk of its customer base, including the default risk associated with the industry and country in which customers operate. At 31 December 2023 and 2022, there are no significant concentrations of credit r isk through exposure to individual customers.Individual credit evaluations are performed on all customers. These evaluations focus on the customer’s past history of making payments when due and current ability to pay, and take into account information specific to the customers as well as pertaining to the economic environment in which the customers operate. The Group generally requires customers to settle progress billings and retentions receivable in accordance wi th cont ract terms. Except for re tent ions receivable, trade receivables for contract works are considered past due once billings are made. The cont ract assets for cont ract work are considered to have credit risk once the revenue has been recognised. Retention terms of one to ten years may be granted to customers for retentions receivable. Normally, the Group does not obtain collateral from customers.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (a)信貸風險（續）貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產本集團的信貸風險主要受各客戶的個別情況所影響。

然而，管理層也會考慮可能影響其客戶群信用風險的因素，包括與客戶經營所在的行業和國家相關的違約風險。

於2023年及2022年12月31日，概無面臨單獨客戶的重大信貸集中風險。

本集團對所有客戶進行個別信貸評估。

該等評估注重客戶過往到期付款歷史及當期之付款能力，並計及客戶特定及與客戶經營所在經濟環境有關資料。

本集團通常要求客戶根據合約條款結算進度款項及應收保留金。

除應收保留金外，合同工程的貿易應收款在開出賬單時認為逾期。

收入一旦確認，則合同工程的合同資產將被認為存在信貸風險。

客戶就應收保留金獲授一至十年的保留期限。

通常，本集團不會要求客戶交出抵押品。

202 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(a) Credit risk (continued)Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets (continued)The calculat ion of loss a l lowance for t rade receivables, and contract assets arising from construction projects as at 31 December 2023 and as at 31 December 2022 were carried out by an independent specialist, namely Vincorn Consulting and Appraisal Limited, with experience in expected credit loss calculation.The Group has identified that certain customers who are property developers (the “Defaulted Customers”) have encountered liquidity issues due to the adverse impact of the macroeconomic environment, and have defaulted on their listed debts. Loss allowances for trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets due from the Defaulted Customers are assessed separately from the other customers.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (a)信貸風險（續）貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產（續）於2023年12月31日及2022年12月31日自建築工程產生的貿易應收款和合同資產的虧損撥備計算由具有預期信貸虧損計算經驗的獨立專業公司Vincorn Consulting and Appraisal Limited進行計算。

本集團已確認，某些房地產開發商客戶（「違約客戶」）因總體經濟環境的不利影響而遇到流動性問題，並拖欠其上市債務。

應收違約客戶的貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產的虧損撥備與其他客戶分開進行評估。

203遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(a) Credit risk (continued)Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets (continued)The following table provides information about the expected loss rates for trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets arising from construction contracts with the Defaulted Customers as at 31 December 2023 and 31 December 2022.2023Expected loss rateGross carrying amountLoss allowance預期虧損率賬面總值虧損撥備% RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets arising from construction contracts with the Defaulted Customers與違約客戶签订的建築合同產生的貿易應收款、應收商業票據及合同資產77.9% 537,768418,8972022Expected loss rateGross carrying amountLoss allowance預期虧損率賬面總值虧損撥備% RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets arising from construction contracts with the Defaulted Customers與違約客戶签订的建築合同產生的貿易應收款、應收商業票據及合同資產73.3% 640,763469,57829金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (a)信貸風險（續）貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產（續）下表列載於2023年12月31日及2022年12月31日與違約客戶签订的建築合同產生的貿易應收款、應收商業票據及合同資產的預期虧損率資料。

204 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(a) Credit risk (continued)Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets (continued)The expected loss rates related to the Defaulted Customers are estimated based on the weighted-average recovery rate of troubled debts derived f rom histor ica l market data and have been adjusted for industry specific information and forward-looking information. The Group has identified the enterprise prosperity index and real estate industry enterprise prosperity index to be the most relevant factors, and accordingly adjusts the weighted-average recovery rate of troubled debts derived from historical market data based on expected changes in these factors.The Group measures loss allowances for trade receivables, commercial bil ls receivables and contract assets due from customers other than the Defaulted Customers using a provision matrix.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (a)信貸風險（續）貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產（續）與違約客戶相關的預期虧損率根據歷史市場數據得出的不良債務加權平均回收率估計，並已根據行業特定資料以及前瞻性信息予以調整。

本集團將企業景氣指數及房地產行業企業景氣指數確定為最相關的因素，並根據該等因素的預期變化相應調整歷史市場數據得出的不良債務加權平均回收率。

本集團使用撥備矩陣計量應收違約客戶以外客戶的貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產的虧損撥備。

205遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(a) Credit risk (continued)Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets (continued)The following table provides information about the Group’s exposure to credit risk and ECLs for trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets arising from construction contracts with customers other than the Defaulted Customers as at 31 December 2023.Trade and bills receivables:2023Expected loss rateGross carrying amountLoss allowance預期虧損率賬面總值虧損撥備% RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Current (not past due)流動（未逾期） 1.8% 54,4391,000Within 6 months past due逾期6個月內10.5% 629,02366,3226 months to 1 year past due逾期6個月至1年19.3% 101,70019,6341 year to 1.5 year past due逾期1年至1.5年28.3% 132,87237,6281.5 year to 2 years past due逾期1.5年至2年32.3% 92,09829,757More than 2 years past due逾期2年以上73.3% 2,191,7091,606,4533,201,8411,760,7942023Expected loss rateGross carrying amountLoss allowance預期虧損率賬面總值虧損撥備% RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Contract assets合同資產23.3% 1,510,128352,32729金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (a)信貸風險（續）貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產（續）下表列載有關本集團於2023年12月31日就源自與違約客戶以外的客戶签订的建築合同的貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產所面臨之信貸風險及預期信用損失之資料。

貿易應收款及應收票據：206 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(a) Credit risk (continued)Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets (continued)The following table provides information about the Group’s exposure to credit risk and ECLs for trade receivables and contract assets arising from construction contracts with customers other than the Defaulted Customers as at 31 December 2022.Trade and bills receivables:2022Expected loss rateGross carrying amountLoss allowance預期虧損率賬面總值虧損撥備% RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Current (not past due)流動（未逾期） 1.7% 83,1771,384Within 6 months past due逾期6個月內10.1% 519,66152,2866 months to 1 year past due逾期6個月至1年18.1% 191,78834,7721 year to 1.5 year past due逾期1年至1.5年25.8% 166,71643,0791.5 year to 2 years past due逾期1.5年至2年30.1% 84,58525,451More than 2 years past due逾期2年以上69.7% 2,101,7701,463,9283,147,6971,620,9002022Expected loss rateGross carrying amountLoss allowance預期虧損率賬面總值虧損撥備% RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Contract assets合同資產29.7% 2,208,124654,71529金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (a)信貸風險（續）貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產（續）下表提供截至2022年12月31日本集團與違約客戶以外的客戶签订的建築合同所產生的貿易應收款及合同資產的信貸風險及預期信用損失的資料。

貿易應收款及應收票據：207遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(a) Credit risk (continued)Trade receivables, commercial bills receivables and contract assets (continued)Expected loss ra tes for t rade rece ivab les, commerc ia l b i l l s rece ivab les and cont ract assets arising from construction contracts with customers other than the Defaulted Customers are estimated based on the Group’s historical credit loss experience with reference to the expected loss rates of Defaulted Customers, adjusted for factors that are specif ic to the debtors and an assessment of both the current and forecast general economic conditions at the reporting date.Movement in the loss al lowance account in respect of trade receivables, commercial bil ls receivables and contract assets during the year is as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Balance at 1 January於1月1日之結餘2,745,1932,708,709Exchange adjustment匯兌調整39,16347,445Amounts written-off during the year年內撇減的金額(371,657) (36,707)Impairment losses recognised during the year年內已確認減值虧損119,31925,746Balance at 31 December於12月31日之結餘2,532,0182,745,19329金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (a)信貸風險（續）貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產（續）與違約客戶以外的客戶签订的施工合同產生的貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產的預期虧損率是根據本集團的歷史信用損失經驗，參照違約客戶的預期虧損率進行估計的，並根據債務人的具體因素進行調整，並對報告日的當前和預測的總體經濟狀況進行評估。

年內有關貿易應收款及應收商業票據以及合同資產的虧損撥備賬變動如下：208 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(b) Liquidity riskThe treasury function is centrally managed by the Group, which includes the short-term investment of cash surpluses and the raising of loans to cover expected cash demands. The Group’s policy is to regularly monitor its liquidity requirements and its compliance with lending covenants, to ensure that it maintains sufficient reserves of cash and adequate committed lines of funding from major financial institutions and related parties to meet its liquidity requirements in the short and longer term.Note 2(b) expla ins management’s p lans for managing the liquidity needs of the Group. Taking all factors set out in Note 2(b) into account, the directors of the Company are of the opinion that the Group would have adequate funds to meet its liabilities as and when they fall due at least twelve months from the end of the reporting period. Nevertheless, the Group will continue to undertake various measures in order to further improve its l iquidity position in the short and long term, including negotiation with financial institutions to raise new bank loans.The fo l l ow ing tab les de ta i l t he rema in ing contractual maturities at the end of the reporting period of the Group’s non-derivative financial liabilities and derivative financial liabilities, which are based on contractual undiscounted cash flows (including interest payments computed using contractual rates or, if floating, based on current rates at the end of the reporting period) and the earliest dates the Group can be required to pay:29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (b)流動資金風險本集團集中管理財務部門，包括現金盈餘的短期投資及籌措貸款滿足預期現金需求。

本集團的政策為定期監察其流動資金需要及其遵守借貸契諾的情況，以確保其維持充裕現金儲備及從主要金融機構及關聯方取得充裕的承諾融資額度，以滿足其短期及更長期流動資金需要。

附註2(b)解釋了管理層管理本集團流動性需求的計劃。

考慮到附註2(b)中列出的所有因素，本公司董事認為，當負債於報告期結束後至少十二個月內到期時，本集團將有足够的資金來償還。

儘管如此，本集團將繼續採取各種措施，在短期和長期內進一步改善其流動性狀況，包括與金融機構協商籌集新的銀行貸款。

下表詳述於本集團非衍生金融負債及衍生金融負債於報告期末的餘下合同到期日，乃基於合同非貼現現金流量（包括使用合同利率計算的利息款項或（倘屬浮動利率）按各報告期末的現行利率）及本集團需要付款的最早日期得出：209遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(b) Liquidity risk (continued)2023Contractual undiscounted cash outflow合同未貼現現金流出Within1 year or ondemandMore than1 year butless than2 yearsMore than2 years butless than5 years TotalCarryingamount at 31December一年內或應要求超過一年但少於兩年超過兩年但少於五年總計於12月31日的賬面值RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Non-derivative financial liabilities:非衍生金融負債：Trade and bills payables貿易應付款及應付票據1,573,174 — — 1,573,1741,573,174Accrued expenses and other payables measured at amortised cost按攤銷成本計量的應計開支及其他應付款248,623 — — 248,623248,498Lease liabilities租賃負債— 2,9667,63010,5969,094Bank loans銀行貸款733,998 — — 733,998713,950Other borrowings其他借款433,279 — — 433,279424,4072023Contractual undiscounted cash (outflow)/inflow合同未貼現現金（流出）╱流入Within1 year or ondemand一年內或應要求RMB’000人民幣千元Derivatives settled gross:已結算衍生工具總額：Other forward foreign exchange contracts:其他遠期外匯合約：— outflow —流出(11,753)— inflow —流入12,38729金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (b)流動資金風險（續）210 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(b) Liquidity risk (continued)2022Contractual undiscounted cash outflow合同未貼現現金流出Within1 year or ondemandMore than1 year butless than2 yearsMore than2 years butless than3 years TotalCarryingamount at 31December一年內或應要求超過一年但少於兩年超過兩年但少於三年總計於12月31日的賬面值RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Non-derivative financial liabilities:非衍生金融負債：Trade and bills payables貿易應付款及應付票據1,839,774 — — 1,839,7741,839,774Accrued expenses and other payables measured at amortised cost按攤銷成本計量的應計開支及其他應付款273,441 — — 273,441273,314Lease liabilities租賃負債— 5701,5672,1371,932Bank loans銀行貸款872,938 — — 872,938855,000Other borrowings其他借款833,368 — — 833,368820,7602022Contractual undiscounted cash (outflow)/inflow合同未貼現現金（流出）╱流入Within1 year or ondemandMore than1 year butless than2 yearsMore than 2 years but less than 5 years Total一年內或應要求超過一年但少於兩年超過兩年但少於五年總計RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Derivatives settled gross:已結算衍生工具總額：Other forward foreign exchange contracts:其他遠期外匯合約：— outflow —流出(123,417) (10,635) — (134,052)— inflow —流入130,31012,387 — 142,69729金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (b)流動資金風險（續）211遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(c) Interest rate riskInterest rate risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument wi l l f luctuate because of changes in market interest rates. The Group’s interest rate r isk arises primarily from interest-bearing borrowings. Borrowings issued at variable rates and at fixed rates expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk and fair value interest rate risk respectively.(i) Interest rate profileThe following table details the interest rate profile of the Group’s bank borrowings at the end of the reporting period:20232022Effective interest rateEffective interest rate實際利率實際利率% RMB’000% RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Fixed rate borrowings:固定利率借貸：Bank loans銀行貸款4.20%-8.00% 713,9503.95%-7.80% 505,000Variable rate borrowings:浮動利率借貸：Bank loans銀行貸款NA — 4.20%-4.35% 350,000Total bank borrowings銀行借貸總額713,950855,000Fixed rate bank borrowings as a percentage of total bank borrowings固定利率銀行借貸佔銀行借貸總額百分比100% 59%29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (c)利率風險利率風險指金融工具的公允價值或未來現金流將因市場利率變動而波動的風險。

本集團的利率風險主要來自計息借貸。

按浮動利率及固定利率發出的借貸分別令本集團承受現金流量利率風險及公允價值利率風險。

(i)利率結構下表詳述本集團銀行借貸於報告期末的利率結構：212 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(c) Interest rate risk (continued)(ii) Sensitivity analysisAt 31 December 2023, it is estimated that a general increase/decrease of 100 basis points in interest rates, with all other variables held constant, would have no inf luence on the Group’s accumulated l o s s e s ( 2022 : i n c r e a s e / d e c r e a s e t he G roup ’s accumu la ted l osses o f approximately RMB3.5 million).The sensitivity analysis above indicates the instantaneous change in the Group’s profit after tax and accumulated losses assuming that the change in interest rates had occurred at the end of the reporting period and had been applied to remeasure those non-derivative financial instruments held by the Group which expose the Group to cash flow interest rate risk at the end of the reporting period. The impact on the Group’s profit after tax and accumulated losses is est imated as an annual ised impact on interest expenses of such a change in interest rates. The sensitivity analysis is performed on the same basis for 2022.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (c)利率風險（續）(ii)敏感度分析於2023年12月31日，估計倘利率整體增加╱減少100個基點，而所有其他可變因素維持不變，不會對本集團的累計虧損產生影響（2022年：本集團累計虧損增加╱減少約人民幣3.5百萬元）。

上文的敏感度分析顯示本集團的稅後利潤及累計虧損的即時變動，假設利率的變動已於報告期末出現且已應用以重新計量本集團持有且令本集團於報告期末承受現金流量利率風險的非衍生金融工具。

對本集團的稅後利潤及累計虧損的影響乃作為有關利率變動對利息開支的年度化影響予以估計。

敏感度分析乃按與2022年相同的基準進行。

213遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(d) Currency riskThe Group is exposed to currency risk primarily through revenue from and costs incurred for contract work, purchases of imported materials which give rise to receivables and payables, inter-company payables and receivables within the Group, and cash balances that are denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the operations to which the transactions relate. The currencies giving rise to this risk are primarily USD, Euro, SGD, AUD, GBP, CHF, RMB, HK$ and Qatar riyal (“QAR”).A signif icant portion of the Group’s business is overseas construction contracts, and these contracts are general ly sett led in currencies other than RMB. The Group uses forward foreign exchange contracts to minimise its exposure to currency risk arising therefrom.(i) Hedges of foreign currency riskThe Group hedges portion of its foreign currency exposure in respect of revenue from overseas construct ion contracts and uses fo rward fo re ign exchange contracts to manage its currency risk until the settlement date of foreign currency receivables.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (d)貨幣風險本集團主要通過產生以與有關交易相關的業務之功能貨幣以外的貨幣計值的應收款、應付款、本集團內公司間應付款及應收款及現金結餘的合同工程收入、購買進口材料產生的成本承受貨幣風險。

產生此項風險的貨幣主要為美元、歐元、新加坡元、澳元、英鎊、瑞士法郎、加元、人民幣、港元及卡塔爾利雅（「卡塔爾利雅」）。

本集團業務的重大部分為海外建築合同，而該等合同一般以人民幣以外的貨幣結算。

本集團使用遠期外匯合約，藉以盡量減低其承受的貨幣風險。

(i)對沖外幣風險本集團對海外工程合同收入的部分外匯風險進行對沖，並使用遠期外匯合約管理其貨幣風險，直至外幣應收款項的結算日。

214 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(d) Currency risk (continued)(i) Hedges of foreign currency risk (continued)The forward foreign exchange contracts are used to economically hedge forecast transactions, monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies. Change in the fair value of the forward foreign exchange contracts is recognised in profit or loss (see Note 6(a)). At 31 December 2023, the net fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts was a gain of RMB0.7 mi l l ion (31 December 2022: a gain of RMB8.5 million) recognised as derivative financial instruments.In respect of the remaining receivables, payab les and fo recas t t r ansac t i ons denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the entity to which they relate, the Group ensures that the net exposure is kept to an acceptable level, by buying or selling foreign currencies at spot rates where necessary to address short-term imbalances.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (d)貨幣風險（續）(i)對沖外幣風險（續）遠期外匯合約用於經濟對沖以外幣計價的預測交易、貨幣資產和負債。

遠期外匯合約公允價值的變動計入損益（見附註6（a））。

截至2023年12月31日，遠期外匯合約的淨公允價值為收益人民幣0.7百萬元（2022年12月31日：收益人民幣8.5百萬元），確認為衍生金融工具。

就以相關實體功能貨幣以外的貨幣計值的其餘應收賬款、應付賬款及預期交易而言，本集團通過在必要時以即期匯率購買或出售外幣以處理短期不平衡情況，確保淨風險敞口維持於可接納水準。

215遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(d) Currency risk (continued)(ii) Exposure to currency riskThe following tables detail the Group’s exposure at the end of the reporting period to currency risk arising from recognised assets or l iabi l i t ies denominated in a currency other than the functional currency of the entity to which they relate. For presentation purposes, the amounts of the exposure are shown in RMB, translated using the spot rates at the end of the reporting period. Differences resulting from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations into the Group’s presentation currency are excluded.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (d)貨幣風險（續）(ii)承受的貨幣風險下表詳述本集團於報告期末承受以與實體有關的功能貨幣以外貨幣計值的已確認資產或負債產生的貨幣風險。

就呈列而言，涉及風險的金額乃以人民幣列示，使用於報告期末的現貨匯率換算，並不包括換算海外業務的財務報表為本集團的呈列貨幣產生的差額。

216 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(d) Currency risk (continued)(ii) Exposure to currency risk (continued)2023USDEuro SGDAUDGBPCHFRMBHK$ QAR美元歐元新加坡元澳元英鎊瑞士法郎人民幣港元卡塔爾利雅RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Contract assets合同資產2,538 — 123 — — — — — —Trade and bills receivables貿易應收款及應收票據246,5406,53558,538179,713370,99715,924 — 3,52915,971Deposits, prepayments and other receivables按金、預付款及其他應收款251,22531,6746,4531,61937,977230,9531,000341,99510,663Cash on hand and in bank手頭現金及銀行存款78,1555,1905412411 — 4 — —Trade and bills payables貿易應付款及應付票據(20,765) (33,437) (65) — — (17,924) — — —Accrued expenses and other payables應計開支及其他應付款(197,819) — — — — — (1,011,734) — —Gross exposure arising from recognised assets and liabilities已確認資產及負債所產生的風險總額359,8749,96265,103181,344409,385228,953 (1,010,730) 345,52426,634Notional amounts of forward foreign exchange contracts used as economic hedges用作經濟對沖的遠期外匯合約名義金額— — — — (12,387) — — — —Net exposure arising from recognised assets and liabilities已確認資產及負債所產生的風險淨額359,8749,96265,103181,344396,998228,953 (1,010,730) 345,52426,63429金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (d)貨幣風險（續）(ii)承受的貨幣風險（續）217遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(d) Currency risk (continued)(ii) Exposure to currency risk (continued)2022USDEuro SGDAUDGBPCHFRMBHK$ QAR美元歐元新加坡元澳元英鎊瑞士法郎人民幣港元卡塔爾利雅RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Contract assets合同資產8,991 — 91 — — — — — —Trade and bills receivables貿易應收款及應收票據236,05131,11449,886174,162297,79851,559 — 3,52972,294Deposits, prepayments and other receivables按金、預付款及其他應收款242,32641,8206,2201,57449,800206,9431,000337,12710,421Cash on hand and in bank手頭現金及銀行存款57,3943,735 — 122,925 — 9 — —Trade and bills payables貿易應付款及應付票據(25,286) (25,252) (115) — (2,076) (15,217) — — —Accrued expenses and other payables應計開支及其他應付款(234,682) — — — (13,746) — (1,019,734) — —Gross exposure arising from recognised assets and liabilities已確認資產及負債所產生的風險總額284,79451,41756,082175,748334,701243,285 (1,018,725) 340,65682,715Notional amounts of forward foreign exchange contracts used as economic hedges用作經濟對沖的遠期外匯合約名義金額(44,396) — — (1,657) (62,116) (15,841) — — —Net exposure arising from recognised assets and liabilities已確認資產及負債所產生的風險淨額240,39851,41756,082174,091272,585227,444 (1,018,725) 340,65682,71529金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (d)貨幣風險（續）(ii)承受的貨幣風險（續）218 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(d) Currency risk (continued)(iii) Sensitivity analysisT h e f o l l o w i n g t a b l e i n d i c a t e s t h e instantaneous change in the Group’s profit/(loss) after tax and retained profits/(accumulated losses) that would arise if foreign exchange rates to which the Group has significant exposure at the end of the reporting period had changed at that date, assuming all other risk variables remained constant.20232022Increase/(decrease)in foreignexchangeratesIncrease/(decrease)/inprofit aftertax anddecrease/(increase) in accumulated lossesIncrease/(decrease)in foreignexchangeratesIncrease/(decrease)/inprofit aftertax anddecrease/(increase) in accumulated losses外匯匯率上升╱（下降）稅後利潤增加╱（減少）及累計虧損減少╱（增加）外匯匯率上升╱（下降）稅後利潤增加╱（減少）及累計虧損減少╱（增加）RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元USD美元10% 35,98715% 34,969(10%) 35,987 (15%) (34,969)Euro歐元10% 99610% 3,892(10%) (996) (10%) (3,892)SGD新加坡元20% 13,02110% 5,608(20%) (13,021) (10%) (5,608)AUD澳元10% 18,13410% 17,409(10%) (18,134) (10%) (17,409)GBP英鎊15% 59,55015% 40,441(15%) (59,550) (15%) (40,441)CHF瑞士法郎15% 34,34310% 22,744(15%) (34,343) (10%) (22,744)RMB人民幣15% (151,610) 15% (152,809)(15%) 151,610 (15%) 152,809HK$港元10% 34,55215% 51,098(10%) (34,552) (15%) (51,098)QAR卡塔爾利雅10% 2,66310% 8,115(10%) (2,663) (10%) (8,115)29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (d)貨幣風險（續）(iii)敏感度分析下表顯示倘本集團於報告期末承受重大風險的外幣匯率於該日期有所變動，假設所有其他可變風險因素維持不變，本集團的稅後利潤╱（虧損）及保留利潤╱（累計虧損）的即時變動。

219遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(d) Currency risk (continued)(iii) Sensitivity analysis (continued)Results of the analysis as presented in the above table represent an aggregation of the instantaneous effects on each of the Group entit ies’ profit after tax and accumulated losses measured in their respective functional currencies, translated into RMB at the exchange rates rul ing at the end of the report ing per iod for presentation purposes.The sensitivity analysis assumes that the change in foreign exchange rates had been applied to remeasure those financial instruments held by the Group which expose the Group to foreign currency risk at the end of the reporting period, including inter-company payables and receivables within the Group which are denominated in a currency other than the functional currencies of the lender or the borrower. The analysis excludes differences that would result from the translation of the financial statements of foreign operations into the Group’s presentation currency. The sensitivity analysis is performed on the same basis for 2022.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (d)貨幣風險（續）(iii)敏感度分析（續）上表呈列的分析結果指合併本集團各實體以各自的功能貨幣計量的稅後利潤及累計虧損的即時影響，乃按報告期末適用的匯率換算為人民幣，以供呈列用途。

敏感度分析假設已應用外幣匯率的變動以重新計量本集團持有而令本集團於報告期末承受外幣風險的金融工具，包括以貸款人或借款人的功能貨幣以外的貨幣計值的本集團公司間應付款及應收款。

分析不包括自換算海外業務的財務報表為本集團的呈列貨幣而產生的差額。

敏感度分析乃按與2022年相同的基準進行。

220 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(e) Fair value measurement(i) Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair valueFair value hierarchyThe fo l lowing tab le presents the fa i r value of the Group’s financial instruments measured at the end of the reporting period on a recurring basis, categorised into the three-level fair value hierarchy as defined in IFRS 13, Fair value measurement. The level into which a fair value measurement is classified is determined with reference to the observability and significance of the inputs used in the valuation technique as follows: Leve l 1 va l ua t i ons : Fa i r va l ue measured using only Level 1 inputs, i .e. unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or l iabil it ies at the measurement date.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (e)公允價值計量(i)按公允價值計量的金融資產及負債公允價值層級下表載列根據國際財務報告準則第13號公允價值計量，定期於報告期結算日計量本集團金融工具之公允價值分類為三個公允價值層級。

參考按估值方法所輸入數據的可觀察性及重要性作以下級別釐定：第1層估值：僅使用第1層輸入數據（即計量日期當日相同資產或負債活躍市場上的未經調整報價）計量的公允價值。

221遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(e) Fair value measurement (continued)(i) Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (continued)Fair value hierarchy (continued) Leve l 2 va l ua t i ons : Fa i r va l ue measured using Level 2 inputs, i.e. observable inputs which fail to meet Level 1, and not using significant unobservable inputs. Unobservable inputs are inputs for which market data are not available. Leve l 3 va l ua t i ons : Fa i r va l ue m e a s u r e d u s i n g s i g n i f i c a n t unobservable inputs.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (e)公允價值計量（續）(i)按公允價值計量的金融資產及負債（續）公允價值層級（續）第2層估值：使用第2層輸入數據（即不符合第1層標準的可觀察數據）計量的公允價值，且不會使用重大不可觀察輸入數據。

不可觀察輸入數據為未能取得市場數據的輸入數據。

第3層估值：使用重大不可觀察輸入數據計量的公允價值。

222 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(e) Fair value measurement (continued)(i) Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (continued)Fair value hierarchy (continued)Fair value measurements as at 31 December 2023 categorised intoFair value measurements as at 31 December 2023categorised into於2023年12月31日公允價值計量分類為於2023年12月31日公允價值計量分類為Level 1 Level 2 Level 1 Level 2第1層第2層第1層第2層RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Recurring fair value measurements經常性公允價值計量Assets:資產：Investment in securities投資證券— — 9,682 —Derivative financial instruments:衍生金融工具– Forward exchange contracts －遠期外匯合約— 700 — 9,549Liabilities:負債：Derivative financial instruments:衍生金融工具– Forward exchange contracts －遠期外匯合約— — — 999During the year ended 31 December 2023, there were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2, or transfers into or out of Level 3. The Group’s policy is to recognise transfers between levels of fa i r va lue hierarchy as at the end of the reporting period in which they occur.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (e)公允價值計量（續）(i)按公允價值計量的金融資產及負債（續）公允價值層級（續）於截至2023年12月31日止年度，第1層及第2層之間，或轉入或轉出第3層概無轉撥項目。

本集團之政策為於其產生之報告期末確認公允價值層級之間的轉撥項目。

223遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）29 FINANCIALRISKMANAGEMENTANDFAIR VALUESOFFINANCIALINSTRUMENTS (continued)(e) Fair value measurement (continued)(i) Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value (continued)Fair value hierarchy (continued)Valuation techniques and inputs used in Level 2 fair value measurementsThe fair value of forward foreign exchange contracts in Level 2 is determined by discounting the contractual forward price and deducting the current forward rate. The discount rate used is derived from Shibor Swap curve as at the end of the reporting period.(ii) Fair value of financial assets and liabilities carried at other than fair value The carry ing amounts of the Group’s financial instruments carried at cost or amortised cost are not materially different from their fair values at 31 December 2023 and 2022.29金融風險管理及金融工具的公允價值（續） (e)公允價值計量（續）(i)按公允價值計量的金融資產及負債（續）公允價值層級（續）於第2層的公允價值計量所用的估值技術及輸入數據遠期外匯合約的公允價值（第2層）是通過將遠期合約匯率扣除當前遠期匯率後貼現計算。

貼現率乃自於報告期末上海銀行間同業拆借利率。

(ii)並非按公允價值列賬的金融資產及負債的公允價值於2023年及2022年12月31日，本集團按成本或攤銷成本列賬的金融工具賬面值與其公允價值並無重大差異。

224 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）30 COMMITMENTS(a) Capital commitmentsAt 31 December 2023, the outstanding capital commitments of the Group not provided for in the consolidated financial statements were as follows:20232022RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元Commitments in respect of buildings, machinery and equipment就樓宇、機器及設備的承擔— Contracted for —已訂約35,02635,026As at 31 December 2023, the Group has not committed to enter into any lease contract that is not yet commenced.31 CONTINGENTLIABILITIES(a) Performance guaranteeAt 31 December 2023, performance guarantee of approximately RMB171.0 million(31 December 2022: RMB558.4 million) was given by banks or the insurance company in favour of the Group’s customers as security for the due performance and observance of the Group’s obligations under the contracts entered into between the Group and the customers of the Group for construction work. The Group has contingent l iabil it ies to indemnify the banks or the insurance company for any claims from customers under the guarantee due to the failure of the Group’s performance.As of the end of the repor t ing per iod, the directors of the Company do not consider it probable that a claim in excess of the provision for warranties provided by the Group will be made against the Group under any of the guarantees. The maximum liability of the Group as of the end of the reporting period under the guarantees issued is the amount disclosed above.30承擔(a)資本承擔於2023年12月31日，於合併財務報表中並未撥備之本集團未償還資本承擔如下：截至2023年12月31日，本集團尚未簽約任何並未開始執行的租賃合同。

31或然負債(a)履約擔保於2023年12月31日，銀行或保險公司向本集團客戶提供約人民幣171.0百萬元（2022年12月31日：人民幣558.4百萬元）的履約擔保，作為本集團與本集團客戶訂立的建築工程合約項下本集團妥為履行及遵守責任的擔保。

如客戶因本集團未能履約而根據擔保提出索賠，本集團須承擔向銀行或保險公司作出賠償的或有負債。

於報告期末，本公司董事認為將不可能出現根據任何擔保對本集團提出超過本集團所提供的保修撥備的申索。

本集團於報告期末根據已發出擔保的最高責任為上文所披露的金額。

225遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）31 CONTINGENTLIABILITIES (continued)(b) Contingent liabilities in respect of legal claims(i) In December 2009, Shenyang Yuanda and Yuanda India, both whol ly-owned subsidiaries of the Group, jointly received a notice that they are being sued by a former sub-contractor in India in respect of Shenyang Yuanda’s and Yuanda India’s non-performance of the terms as stipulated in the sub-contract agreement entered into between Shenyang Yuanda and this former sub-contractor. Shenyang Yuanda has made a counterclaim against this sub-contractor for non-performance of the sub-contract agreement. On 30 September 2016, a f irst instance court judgement has been rendered in favour of Shenyang Yuanda and Yuanda India and pursuant to which the former sub-contractor shall pay to Shenyang Yuanda and Yuanda India damages in the amount of INR81.8 million (equiva lent to approx imate ly RMB7.0 million) plus accrued interest.The former sub-contractor and Shenyang Yuanda and Yuanda India later on fi led appea ls and as at the date o f these financial statements, the lawsuit is under reviewed before the Hon’ble High Court of Delhi. If Shenyang Yuanda and Yuanda India are found to be l iable, the total expected monetary compensation may amount to approx imate ly INR1,410.8 m i l l i on ( equ i va len t to approx imate l y RMB120.5 million) plus accrued interest. Shenyang Yuanda and Yuanda India deny any liability in respect of the appeal filed by the former sub-contractor and, based on legal advice, the directors of the Company do not believe it is probable that the court will find against Shenyang Yuanda and/or Yuanda India. No provision has therefore been made in respect of this claim.31或然負債（續）(b)有關法律申索的或然負債(i)於2009年12月，本集團兩家全資附屬公司瀋陽遠大及遠大印度共同接獲通知，指彼等被印度的前分包商就瀋陽遠大及遠大印度不履行瀋陽遠大與此前分包商訂立的分包協議所訂明的條款提出起訴。

瀋陽遠大亦已就此分包商未有履行分包商協議提出反申索。

於2016年9月30日，原訟法庭已判瀋陽遠大及遠大印度勝訴及根據該判決，此前分包商須向瀋陽遠大及遠大印度支付損失金額81.8百萬印度盧比（約等於人民幣7.0百萬元）加應計利息。

此前分包商與瀋陽遠大及遠大印度其後提出上訴，而於本財務報表日期，訴訟正於德裏Hon’ble高等法院審理。

倘瀋陽遠大及遠大印度被裁定須負上責任，預期金錢補償總額可能約達1,410.8百萬印度盧比（約等於人民幣120.5百萬元）加應計利息。

瀋陽遠大及遠大印度拒絕就此前分包商提出的上訴承擔任何責任，而根據法律意見，本公司董事並不相信法庭會判決瀋陽遠大及╱或遠大印度敗訴，故並無就此項申索計提撥備。

226 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）31 CONTINGENTLIABILITIES (continued)(b) Contingent liabilities in respect of legal claims (continued)(ii) In 2022, A wholly-owned subsidiary of the Group, Yuanda (UK) Co., Ltd (“Yuanda UK”) received a notice that Yuanda UK together with other various parties were being sued by Crest Nicholson in United Kingdom relating to defects of Admiralty Quarter development. Yuanda UK was the glazing sub-contractor for one building constructed by Ardmore Construct ion Limited, the main contractor. The Crest Nicholson estimated total cost for remedial works required to address all the defects amounting to GBP24.0 million (equivalent to approximately RMB217.0 million). Based on the conf i rmat ion with professional indemnity insurers of Yuanda UK, this claim falls for cover under the professional indemnity pol icy agreed between the insurer and Yuanda UK, but the coverage of the amount was not able to determine as the resulting loss allocated to Yuanda UK has not been determined. Thus, the directors of the Company cannot reliably est imate the remaining compensat ion borned by Yuanda UK. No provision has therefore been made in respect of this claim.31或然負債（續）(b)有關法律申索的或然負債（續）(ii)於2022年，本集團的全資附屬公司遠大英國有限公司（「遠大英國」）接獲通知，指遠大英國連同其他各方被英國Crest Nicholson就Admiralty Quarter開發的缺陷提出起訴。

遠大英國為總承包商Ardmore Construction Limited建造的一幢樓宇的玻璃分包商。

Crest Nicholson估計解決所有缺陷所需的補救工程總成本為24.0百萬英鎊（約合民幣217.0百萬元）。

根據與遠大英國的專業彌償保險公司的確認，該索賠屬於保險公司與遠大英國協定的專業彌償保單下的承保範圍，但由於分配至遠大英國的損失尚未確定，故無法確定該金額的承保範圍。

因此，本公司董事無法可靠估計遠大英國所承擔的餘下補償。

因此，並無就此申索作出撥備。

227遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）31 CONTINGENTLIABILITIES (continued)(b) Contingent liabilities in respect of legal claims (continued)(iii) In 2023, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Group, Yuanda Queensland Pty Ltd (“Yuanda Queensland”), is in dispute with Multiplex Constructions QLDPty Ltd (“Multiplex”) over the subcontracts for works on the Queen’s Wharf-IRDProject relating to various claims for variations, delay and addit ional costs, as wel l as damages claimed by Multiplex. Multiplex has claimed a total of AUD13.1 mill ion (equivalent to approximately RMB63.6 mi l l ion ) fo r the above damages. The liability amount of these claims is still in the process of being assessed and evaluated. Thus , the d i rec tors o f the Company cannot rel iably est imate the expected monetary compensation borned by Yuanda Queensland. No provision has therefore been made in respect of this claim.31或然負債（續）(b)有關法律申索的或然負債（續）(iii) 2023年，本集團全資附屬公司遠大昆士蘭有限公司（「遠大昆士蘭」）與Multiplex Constructions QLD Pty Ltd（「Multiplex」）就皇後碼頭-IRD項目工程的分包合同發生爭議，涉及Multiplex提出的各種變更、延誤和額外費用索賠以及賠償金索賠。

Multiplex就上述損失共索賠13.1百萬澳元（約合人民幣63.6百萬元）。

該等索賠的責任金額仍在評估和評價過程中。

因此，本公司董事無法可靠地估計遠大昆士蘭所承擔的預期賠償金額。

因此，未就此索賠作出任何撥備。

228 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）31 CONTINGENTLIABILITIES (continued)(b) Contingent liabilities in respect of legal claims (continued)(iv) In addition to the lawsuit mentioned in Note 31(b)(i) and Note 31(b)(i i i), certain subsid iar ies of the Group are named defendants on other lawsuits, arbitrations or tax disputes in respect of construction work car r ied out by them. As at the date of these financial statements, these lawsuits, arbitrations and disputes are under reviewed before courts, arbitrators or tax bureaus. If these subsidiaries are found to be l iable, the total expected monetary compensation may amount to approximately RMB285.2 million, of which RMB51.6 million has already been provided for and the Group’s bank deposits and other deposits of RMB93.4 million at 31 December 2023 was frozen by courts or insurance companies for certain of these lawsuits or disputes. Based on legal advice and assessment from the directors of the Company on these lawsuits, arbitrations or tax d isputes, the d i rectors o f the Company do not believe it is probable that the courts, arbitrators or tax bureaus find against these subsidiaries of the Group on these lawsuits, arbitrations and tax disputes.31或然負債（續）(b)有關法律申索的或然負債（續）(iv)除於附註31(b)(i)及附註31(b)(iii)所述的訴訟外，本集團若干附屬公司被指控為有關建築工程的其他訴訟、仲裁或稅務糾紛的被告人。

於本財務報表日期，上述訴訟、仲裁及糾紛正由法院、仲裁員及稅務局審理。

倘該等附屬公司被裁定須負上責任，預期金錢補償總額約達人民幣285.2百萬元，其中已計提人民幣51.6百萬元，於2023年12月31日本集團銀行存款及其他存款人民幣93.4百萬元已因該等法律訴訟或糾紛被法院或保險公司凍結。

根據本公司董事就該等訴訟、仲裁或稅務爭議提供的法律意見及評估，本公司董事認為法院、仲裁員或稅務局不會就該等訴訟、仲裁及稅務爭議裁定本集團的這些附屬公司敗訴。

229遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）32 COMPANY-LEVELSTATEMENTOFFINANCIAL POSITION20232022Note RMB’000 RMB’000附註人民幣千元人民幣千元Non-current assets非流動資產Interests in subsidiaries於附屬公司的權益1,903,8932,143,574Current assets流動資產Prepayments and other receivables預付款項及其他應收款1,0291,015Cash and cash equivalents現金及現金等價物8,4472869,4761,301Current liabilities流動負債Accrued expenses and other payables應計開支及其他應付款1,163,7271,133,412Net current liabilities流動負債淨額(1,154,251) (1,132,111)NETASSETS淨資產749,6421,011,463CAPITALANDRESERVES資本及儲備27Share capital股本519,723519,723Reserves儲備229,919491,740TOTALEQUITY總權益749,6421,011,46332公司層面的財務狀況表230 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）33 POSSIBLEIMPACTOFAMENDMENTS, NEW STANDARDSANDINTERPRETATIONSISSUED BUTNOTYETEFFECTIVEFORTHEYEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2023Up to the date of issue of these financial statements, the IASB has issued a number of new or amended standards, which are not yet effective for the year ended 31 December 2023 and which have not been adopted in these financial statements. These developments include the following which may be relevant to the Group.Effective for accounting periods beginning on or after於以下日期或之後開始之會計期間生效Amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of financial statements: Classification of liabilities as current or non-current1 January 2024國際會計準則第1號（修訂本） —財務報表的列報：負債分類為流動或非流動2024年1月1日Amendments to IAS 1, Presentation of financial statements: Non-current liabilities with covenants1 January 2024國際會計準則第1號（修訂本） —財務報表的列報：附帶契約的非流動負債2024年1月1日Amendments to IFRS 16, Leases: Lease liability in a sale and leaseback 1 January 2024國際財務報告準則第16號（修訂本） —租賃：售後租回中的租賃負債2024年1月1日Amendments to IAS 7, Statement of cash flows and IFRS 7, Financial Instruments: Disclosures: Supplier finance arrangements1 January 2024國際會計準則第7號（修訂本） —現金流量表及國際財務報告準則第7號（修訂本） —金融工具：披露：供應商融資安排2024年1月1日Amendments to IAS 21, The effects of changes in foreign exchange rates: Lack of exchangeability1 January 2025國際會計準則第21號（修訂本） —匯率變動的影響：缺乏可兌換性2025年1月1日Amendments to IFRS 10, Consolidated financial statements and IAS 28, Investment in associates and joint ventures: Sale or Contribution of assets between an investor and its associate or joint venture1 January 20252025年1月1日國際財務報告準則第10號（修訂本） —合併財務報表和國際會計準則第28號（修訂本） —於聯營公司和合營企業投資：投資者與其聯營公司或合營企業之間的資產出售或出資To be determined待釐定Based on the assessment on the impact of these developments, so far, the Group has concluded that the adoption of them is unlikely to have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.33截至2023年12月31日止年度已頒佈但尚未生效的修訂、新訂準則及詮釋可能造成的影響截至該等財務報表發佈之日，國際會計準則理事會發佈了一些新的或經修訂的準則，這些準則在截至2023年12月31日止年度尚未生效，也未在該等財務報表中採用。

這些發展包括以下可能與本集團相關的內容。

根據目前對該等變化帶來的影響的評估，本集團認為，採納該等修訂、新準則及詮釋不大可能對合併財務報表產生重大影響。

231遠大中國控股有限公司二零二三年年報Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements (continued)合併財務報表附註（續）(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）34 IMMEDIATEHOLDINGCOMPANYANDULTIMATE HOLDINGPARTYThe directors of the Company consider the immediate holding company of the Company as at 31 December 2023 to be Best Outlook Limited, which is incorporated in the British Virgin Islands and the ultimate holding party of the Company as at 31 December 2023 to be the Controlling Shareholder. The immediate holding entity does not produce financial statements available for public use. 35 COMPARATIVEFIGURETo clearly present the consolidated statement of financial position, certain comparative figures have been adjusted to conform to current year’s presentation, See notes 21 and 23.34直接控股公司及最終控股方截至2023年12月31日，本公司董事確定本公司的直接控股公司為佳境有限公司，該公司在英屬維爾京群島註冊成立，截至2023年12月31日止，本公司的最終控股方是控股股東。

該直接控股公司不編製可供公眾使用的財務報表。

35比較數字為清晰地列報合併財務狀況表，某些比較數字已作調整，以符合本年度的列報方式，見附註21和23。

232 YUANDACHINAHOLDINGSLIMITEDAnnual Report 2023Five Year Financial Summary五年財務摘要(Expressed in RMB unless otherwise indicated)（除另有指明外，以人民幣為單位）202320222021202020192023年2022年2021年2020年2019年RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000 RMB’000人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元人民幣千元Results業績Revenue收入2,569,5093,263,6013,055,2622,735,5724,041,253(Loss)/profit from operations經營（虧損）╱利潤(23,672) (38,749) (838,774) (363,080) 338,541Net finance income (costs)融資收益（成本）淨額43,537147,354 (102,860) (227,642) (142,523)Profit/(loss) before taxation稅前利潤╱（虧損） 19,865108,605 (941,634) (590,722) 196,018Income tax所得稅5,459 (36,476) (54,195) (99,903) (106,198)Profit/(loss) for the year年內利潤╱（虧損） 25,32472,129 (995,829) (690,625) 89,820Attributable to:以下人士應佔：Equity shareholders of the Company本公司股東25,32472,129 (995,829) (690,625) 89,820Non-controlling interests非控股權益— — — — —Profit/(loss) for the year年內利潤╱（虧損） 25,32472,129 (995,829) (690,625) 89,820Assets and liabilities資產及負債Non-current assets非流動資產929,925892,186916,9391,000,3871,134,011Current assets流動資產4,030,1375,006,8455,863,4117,376,0818,399,134Current liabilities流動負債3,860,7804,699,0095,049,6745,686,0726,624,937Net current assets流動資產淨值169,357307,836813,7371,690,0091,774,197Total assets less current liabilities總資產減流動負債1,099,2821,200,0221,730,6762,690,3962,908,208Non-current liabilities非流動負債214,582188,559578,678589,644176,513NETASSETS淨資產884,7001,011,4631,151,9982,100,7522,731,695Capital and reserves資本及儲備Share capital股本519,723519,723519,723519,723519,723Reserves儲備364,977491,740632,2751,581,0292,211,972Total equity attributable to本公司股東應佔equity shareholders權益總額of the Company 884,7001,011,4631,151,9982,100,7522,731,695Non-controlling interests非控股權益— — — — —TOTALEQUITY總權益884,7001,011,4631,151,9982,100,7522,731,695ANNUALREPORT年報Annual Report2023年報 封面 目錄 集團資料 財務摘要 企業文化及使命 主席報告 管理層討論與分析 董事及高級管理人員 企業管治報告 董事會報告 獨立核數師報告 合併損益表 合併損益及其他全面收益表 合併財務狀況表 合併權益變動表 合併現金流量表 合併財務報表附註 五年財務摘要